美國國會(huì)委員會(huì)建議“封殺”中國國企收購

Congress should exercise greater scrutiny over trade and investment practices between the United States and China in order to prevent China from taking advantage of the economic relationship, a congressional commission said in a report released on Wednesday.

美國國會(huì)的一個(gè)委員會(huì)周三發(fā)布一份報(bào)告說，國會(huì)應(yīng)該對(duì)美中之間的貿(mào)易和投資進(jìn)行更嚴(yán)格的審查，以防止中國在兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系上占便宜。

In its long list of recommendations, the commission advised Congress to authorize a government panel that reviews foreign takeover deals to bar Chinese state-owned companies from acquiring or gaining “effective control” of American companies. It also said Congress should ask a government watchdog agency to write a report on whether large-scale outsourcing of manufacturing to China “is leading to the hollowing out of the defense industrial base.”

該委員會(huì)提出了許多建議，包括建議國會(huì)成立一個(gè)政府小組，專門審查外國的收購交易，以阻止中國國有企業(yè)收購美國公司，或獲得美國公司的“有效控制權(quán)”。該委員會(huì)還說，國會(huì)應(yīng)該要求一家政府監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)，就制造業(yè)大規(guī)模外包到中國“是否導(dǎo)致國防工業(yè)基地被掏空”的問題起草一份報(bào)告。

The commission also suggested ways in which Congress could better bring antidumping cases against China. 該委員會(huì)還向國會(huì)建議了能更好地對(duì)中國提出反傾銷訴訟的辦法。

Each year, the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission releases a report to Congress with recommendations based on months of research. The commission aims to make suggestions after examining trade, investment and national security issues between the two nations. Its recommendations are not binding.

美中經(jīng)濟(jì)和安全審查委員會(huì)每年向國會(huì)提交一份報(bào)告，在幾個(gè)月研究的基礎(chǔ)上向國會(huì)提建議。該委員會(huì)的目的是在審查了兩國之間的貿(mào)易、投資和國家安全問題后，提出有關(guān)建議。其建議沒有法律約束力。

The report this year took a critical look at the free-trade relationship between the United States and China — for example, implying that the countries are not competing on a level playing field. It follows a populist airing of grievances over the downsides of free trade and a globalized economy in Western nations this year. That helped lead to the election last week of Donald J. Trump as the next United States president and to the vote by Britons in June to leave the European Union.

今年的報(bào)告對(duì)美中之間的自由貿(mào)易關(guān)系進(jìn)行了批判性地審查，比如，報(bào)告暗示兩國展開競(jìng)爭的環(huán)境不公平。報(bào)告的內(nèi)容，與西方國家今年對(duì)自由貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的負(fù)面影響所表達(dá)出的民粹主義不滿情緒相吻合。這種不滿在上周的大選中幫助唐納德·J·特朗普當(dāng)選了下任美國總統(tǒng)，也在今年6月讓英國人投票脫離歐盟。

China, in its recent public statements, has emphasized the tight economic ties between the two major trading partners and said the countries would benefit more from working together.

中國在最近的公開聲明中強(qiáng)調(diào)了中美這兩個(gè)主要貿(mào)易伙伴之間的密切經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系，并表示，兩國將更多地從合作中受益。

During his campaign, Mr. Trump said he would bring manufacturing jobs back to Middle America and consider imposing a 45 percent tariff on Chinese exports, as well as labeling China a currency manipulator. Some economists have said a trade war with China would harm the United States economy and lead to a recession.

特朗普在競(jìng)選活動(dòng)期間曾表示，他將讓美國的中產(chǎn)階層重新得到制造業(yè)的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，并考慮對(duì)中國出口的產(chǎn)品征收45%的關(guān)稅，他還要給中國貼上貨幣操縱者的標(biāo)簽。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家說，與中國打貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將給美國經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來損害，有可能導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。

In September, after prodding from some lawmakers, the Government Accountability Office, a watchdog agency, said that it would examine whether reviews of foreign purchases should include a stricter look at more types of foreign investments and be broadened to define more industries as important to the nation’s economy.

今年9月，在一些立法者的督促下，監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)美國政府問責(zé)局(Government Accountability Office)表示將展開調(diào)查，以決定對(duì)外國收購的審查是否應(yīng)該更嚴(yán)格，包括對(duì)更多類型的外國投資進(jìn)行更嚴(yán)格的審查，以及是否應(yīng)該把更多的行業(yè)都作為美國經(jīng)濟(jì)重要的一部分。

The review process is done by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, or Cfius, which approves most of the foreign purchases that it examines. The report released Wednesday said it is that panel that Congress should authorize to reject purchases by Chinese state-owned enterprises. Such companies are the main drivers of China’s economy.

對(duì)收購的審查由美國外國投資委員會(huì)(簡稱CFIUS)進(jìn)行，CFIUS對(duì)經(jīng)其審查的大部分外國交易予以批準(zhǔn)。周三發(fā)布的報(bào)告說，國會(huì)應(yīng)授權(quán)CFIUS拒絕中國國有企業(yè)的收購。這些企業(yè)是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要?jiǎng)恿Α?/p>

The new report said Congress should also create an office in the International Trade Administration to identify and bring antidumping and countervailing duty cases. Countervailing duties are imposed on goods to offset the fact that the goods may have been made with the help of subsidies.

新報(bào)告說，國會(huì)還應(yīng)在國際貿(mào)易管理局(International Trade Administration)下設(shè)立一個(gè)辦公室，以發(fā)現(xiàn)反傾銷和反補(bǔ)貼稅的案子，并進(jìn)行起訴。反補(bǔ)貼稅指對(duì)可能是在補(bǔ)貼的幫助下制造的產(chǎn)品征收關(guān)稅，以抵消其得到的補(bǔ)貼。

Besides trade and investment, the report covers topics like security relations, China’s global footprint and the United States’ rebalancing to Asia. 該報(bào)告除了貿(mào)易與投資的內(nèi)容外，還涵蓋其他主題，比如安全關(guān)系、中國的全球活動(dòng)，以及美國向亞洲的重新平衡。

In one section, the authors criticize what they see as meager American government efforts to block intelligence collection by China. The Obama administration has expressed concern over what it sees as state-sponsored hacking from China in recent years.

報(bào)告的作者在其中一個(gè)部分批評(píng)了美國政府沒有完全努力去阻止來自中國的情報(bào)收集。奧巴馬政府已對(duì)此表示過關(guān)注。他們認(rèn)為近年來中國黑客的襲擊，背后有政府的支持。

“The U.S. government response to the threat from Chinese intelligence collection has suffered from the lack of an integrated, coordinated effort within the U.S. intelligence community,” the report said.

報(bào)告說，“美國政府對(duì)來自中國情報(bào)收集的威脅所作出的反應(yīng)很糟，原因是美國情報(bào)界缺乏一體化的、協(xié)調(diào)一致的努力。”

“The U.S. government’s efforts to counter Chinese intelligence collection operations have manifested largely as a series of espionage prosecutions rather than a strategic, whole-of-government response,” it added. “The Obama administration has taken steps to improve cybersecurity among U.S. government agencies and defense contractors, but these measures could mitigate, not eliminate, the significant cyber espionage threats to these organizations.”

“美國政府打擊中國情報(bào)收集的努力，主要表現(xiàn)為一系列的間諜起訴，而不是戰(zhàn)略性的、全政府的響應(yīng)，”報(bào)告還說。“雖然奧巴馬政府已采取措施改進(jìn)美國政府機(jī)構(gòu)和國防承包商的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全，但這些措施只能減輕、而不是消除這些機(jī)構(gòu)所面臨的來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)間諜活動(dòng)的重大威脅。”