日本去年僅接納28名難民

Japan accepted just 28 refugees in last year, one more than it took in 2015, underscoring its ultra-strict approach to asylum at a time when other nations are increasingly reluctant to take in people fleeing war or persecution.

去年日本僅接受了28名難民，比2015年多了一個(gè)。在其他國(guó)家越來(lái)越不愿接受逃離戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或迫害的難民的時(shí)候，這一數(shù)字突顯日本對(duì)庇護(hù)申請(qǐng)采取超級(jí)嚴(yán)格態(tài)度。

The tiny number of successful claims held steady despite a 44 per cent jump in claims for refugee status to 10,901. That meant a success rate for asylum claims of 0.26 per cent.

雖然難民申請(qǐng)猛增44%，達(dá)到10901人，但成功申請(qǐng)的人數(shù)仍然很少。上述數(shù)字意味著庇護(hù)申請(qǐng)的成功率為0.26%。

As restrictions on asylum seekers spread around the world, including moves by president Donald Trump to ban people from certain countries from entry to the US, the figures highlight how Japan has long operated a system to deter and reject most seeking asylum.

隨著對(duì)尋求庇護(hù)者的限制在全球蔓延，包括美國(guó)總統(tǒng)唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)采取行動(dòng)禁止某些國(guó)家的人士入境美國(guó)，上述數(shù)字突顯日本長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行的機(jī)制遏止和拒絕了絕大多數(shù)庇護(hù)申請(qǐng)。

“Japan has a very, very strict refugee policy,” said Eri Ishikawa, chair of the Japan Association for Refugees. “They really prioritise immigration control rather than refugee protection.”

日本難民支援協(xié)會(huì)(Japan Association for Refugees)事務(wù)局長(zhǎng)石川惠理(Eri Ishikawa)表示：“日本的難民政策非常、非常嚴(yán)格。他們真正優(yōu)先考慮的是移民控制，而不是難民保護(hù)。”

There were 1,829 asylum applications from Indonesia, 1,451 from Nepal, 1,412 from the Philippines, 1,143 from Turkey and 1,072 from Vietnam. Among those accepted, seven came from Afghanistan, four from Ethiopia, three from Eritrea and two from Bangladesh.

來(lái)自印度尼西亞的庇護(hù)申請(qǐng)為1829個(gè)，來(lái)自尼泊爾的1451個(gè)，來(lái)自菲律賓的1412個(gè)，來(lái)自土耳其的1143個(gè)，來(lái)自越南的1072個(gè)。被接受的難民中7個(gè)來(lái)自阿富汗，4個(gè)來(lái)自埃塞俄比亞，3個(gè)來(lái)自厄立特里亞，2個(gè)來(lái)自孟加拉國(guó)。

Tokyo also granted 97 people humanitarian leave to remain and resettled 18 refugees from Myanmar who were living in Malaysia.

東京方面還基于人道主義理由給予97人居留權(quán)，并重新安置了馬來(lái)西亞收容的18個(gè)緬甸難民。

Japan accepts these tiny numbers of refugees despite nominally complying with the same international conventions as countries such as the UK, which granted asylum to 9,975 people in 2015; the US, which admitted 84,994 last year; and Germany, which has taken in hundreds of thousands of Syrians over the past few years.

日本名義上與英國(guó)等國(guó)家遵守相同的國(guó)際公約，但只接納這么少難民。2015年英國(guó)給予9975人庇護(hù)，2016年美國(guó)接納了84994人，德國(guó)在過(guò)去幾年接納了數(shù)十萬(wàn)敘利亞人。

Relatively few potential applicants reach Japan to start with, since they generally need a passport and a visa. They also need to submit extensive documentation in Japanese.

首先，抵達(dá)日本的潛在申請(qǐng)者相對(duì)較少，因?yàn)樗麄兺ǔＰ枰o(hù)照和簽證，還需要提交大量日文文件。

“Japan has a very unique interpretation of the rules on asylum,” said Ms Ishikawa. “An applicant must be individually targeted by the authorities of their home country. “Even if a Syrian had joined an anti-Assad demonstration and feared to return home, for example, their claim would be rejected.”

石川表示：“日本對(duì)庇護(hù)規(guī)則有著非常獨(dú)特的解釋。申請(qǐng)人必須在個(gè)人層面受到本國(guó)當(dāng)局的迫害。例如，就算一個(gè)敘利亞人參加了反阿薩德示威活動(dòng)，因而害怕回家，他們的申請(qǐng)也會(huì)被拒絕。”

Decisions on refugee status can take a number of years, so in practice applicants can receive a tough quasi-asylum in Japan for a period.

難民申請(qǐng)的裁決可能需要幾年時(shí)間，因此在實(shí)踐中申請(qǐng)人可能在日本度過(guò)一段艱難的準(zhǔn)庇護(hù)時(shí)期。

Of those ultimately rejected, some are deported, although Japan does not publish clear figures on deportations.

至于申請(qǐng)最終遭拒的人，有些被遞解出境，不過(guò)日本沒(méi)有公布遞解出境的明確數(shù)字。