文化部發(fā)布《中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)工藝振興計(jì)劃》

國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳近日轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)文化部、工業(yè)和信息化部、財(cái)政部《中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)工藝振興計(jì)劃》，響應(yīng)黨的十八屆五中全會(huì)提出“構(gòu)建中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化傳承體系，加強(qiáng)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)，振興傳統(tǒng)工藝”的要求。

SHI YU/CHINA DAILY

The Plan on Revitalizing China's Traditional Crafts aims to inject momentum into the protection of Chinese culture and heritage.

《中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)工藝振興計(jì)劃》旨在為保護(hù)中國(guó)文化和遺產(chǎn)注入動(dòng)力。

It calls for better management of the industry and increased market competitiveness, with substantial improvements to be made by 2020.

該計(jì)劃提出，到2020年，傳統(tǒng)工藝行業(yè)的管理水平和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力有明顯提升。

該計(jì)劃所稱傳統(tǒng)工藝(traditional crafts)，是指具有歷史傳承和民族或地域特色(crafts of historic legacy with ethnical or regional characteristics)、與日常生活聯(lián)系緊密(closely connected to daily life)、主要使用手工勞動(dòng)的制作工藝及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品(crafts and products mainly achieved through manual work)，是創(chuàng)造性的手工勞動(dòng)和因材施藝的個(gè)性化制作，具有工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)不能替代(cannot be replaced by industrial production)的特性。

該計(jì)劃對(duì)于振興傳統(tǒng)工藝提出了十項(xiàng)任務(wù)：

建立國(guó)家傳統(tǒng)工藝振興目錄(establish a national catalog of traditional crafts);

擴(kuò)大非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)傳承人隊(duì)伍(increase the number of intangible cultural heritage inheritors);

將傳統(tǒng)工藝作為中國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)傳承人群研修研習(xí)培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃實(shí)施重點(diǎn)(host seminars and training sessions for inheritors and practitioners of famous traditional crafts);

加強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)工藝相關(guān)學(xué)科專業(yè)建設(shè)和理論、技術(shù)研究(set up majors and courses in traditional crafts and put more efforts in theoretical and technological researches);

提高傳統(tǒng)工藝產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)、制作水平和整體品質(zhì)(improve the design, production and quality of traditional products);

拓寬傳統(tǒng)工藝產(chǎn)品的推介、展示、銷售渠道(enhance the promotion, display and sales of traditional products);

加強(qiáng)行業(yè)組織建設(shè)(improve industrial structures);

加強(qiáng)文化生態(tài)環(huán)境的整體保護(hù)(improve protection of the cultural ecological environment);

促進(jìn)社會(huì)普及教育(promote intangible cultural heritage education in universities, and in middle and primary schools, in an effort to enhance awareness);

開(kāi)展國(guó)際交流與合作(carry out international exchange and cooperation)。

說(shuō)了這么多，到底哪些工藝算是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)工藝呢?

剪紙(paper cutting)、皮影(shadow puppetry)、漆器(lacquer ware)、景泰藍(lán)(Chinese cloisonne)、風(fēng)箏(kites)等都屬于傳統(tǒng)工藝。