中國(guó)將落實(shí)鋼鐵減產(chǎn)以減少冬季污染

China is set to implement some of its strictest cuts to steel production this week in a bid to head off choking winter pollution and further consolidate a fractious industry.

中國(guó)將在本周實(shí)施一些最嚴(yán)格的鋼鐵減產(chǎn)措施，以防止令人窒息的冬季空氣污染，并且進(jìn)一步整合這個(gè)難以控制的行業(yè)。

The first wave of production cuts will halve the rate of steel production in the north-eastern city of Tangshan, the largest steel-producing city in China. This will ultimately affect 20m metric tonnes of steel, the equivalent of about 7.5 per cent of national annual production.

第一波減產(chǎn)措施將使中國(guó)最大鋼鐵生產(chǎn)城市唐山的鋼產(chǎn)量減半。這將最終影響2000萬(wàn)噸鋼鐵，相當(dāng)于全國(guó)年產(chǎn)量的7.5%左右。

Three other key steel-producing cities — Shijiazhuang, Anyang, and Handan — are to announce similar cuts. In addition, producers will also be mandated to reduce overall coking coal production by 30 per cent.

另外三個(gè)關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)鋼城市—— 石家莊、安陽(yáng)以及邯鄲—— 也將宣布類(lèi)似的減產(chǎn)目標(biāo)。此外，生產(chǎn)企業(yè)還將被要求將煉焦煤總產(chǎn)量減少30%。

The production cuts are part of a series of production suspensions in China’s rust belt that will take effect within the next few months as environmental authorities chase public commitments to lower the concentration of particulate matter by 22 per cent this winter.

這些減產(chǎn)是中國(guó)“銹帶”在未來(lái)幾個(gè)月內(nèi)將要落實(shí)的一系列暫停生產(chǎn)措施的一部分。目前環(huán)保部門(mén)正努力兌現(xiàn)今年冬天將顆粒物濃度降低22%的公開(kāi)承諾。

About 70 per cent of electricity in north-east China comes from coal, leading to a sharp uptick in airborne pollutants during winter as central heating systems are fired up.

中國(guó)北方冬季采暖系統(tǒng)投入運(yùn)行時(shí)，空氣污染物激增。

Authorities have been more rigorously policing steel producers this year as the country cracks down on overcapacity and pollution in heavy industry. China’s Ministry of Environmental Protection is mounting another round of plant inspections in Beijing, Tianjin and 26 other cities until January to enforce more stringent emissions guidelines.

隨著中國(guó)整治重工業(yè)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩和污染嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題，今年以來(lái)當(dāng)局對(duì)鋼鐵生產(chǎn)企業(yè)進(jìn)行了更嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管。中國(guó)環(huán)保部正對(duì)北京、天津和其他26個(gè)城市的企業(yè)展開(kāi)又一輪強(qiáng)化督查，此輪督查定于明年1月結(jié)束，目的是執(zhí)行更嚴(yán)厲的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Tangshan, which produces less than 11 per cent of the country’s total steel output, has come under particular scrutiny. In March, a team of inspectors were sent by the central government to Tangshan to root out the false reporting of mill closures by local governments reluctant to obey shutdown orders.

鋼產(chǎn)量占全國(guó)總量不到11%的唐山受到特別關(guān)注。今年3月，中央政府派出一個(gè)調(diào)查小組前往唐山，以解決不愿遵守限產(chǎn)令的地方政府虛報(bào)鋼廠關(guān)閉的情況。

China has struggled to reduce its renowned smog over fears that tackling pollution could reduce economic activity and raise the number of unemployed.

中國(guó)在減少其出名的霧霾方面一直不順利，因?yàn)橛腥藫?dān)心防治污染可能減少經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，增加失業(yè)人數(shù)。

To mitigate these social effects and improve safety in the steel sector, regulators have instead pursued small, sometimes illegal producers while consolidating production among state-owned enterprises. The latest pollution cuts will further eliminate fringe players, leaving the country’s largest producers unscathed, say analysts.

為了緩解這些社會(huì)影響，并提高鋼鐵行業(yè)的安全性，監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)在整合國(guó)有企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的同時(shí)，重點(diǎn)整治那些小規(guī)模的、有時(shí)屬于非法經(jīng)營(yíng)的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)。分析師們表示，最新的防污染減產(chǎn)措施將進(jìn)一步取締邊緣參與者，而中國(guó)各大生產(chǎn)企業(yè)將不受影響。

“With these production suspensions, smaller producers are the ones that have been wiped out each time pollution or production needs to be reduced,” says Jonas Short, the head of China research at NSBO, an investment bank. “Bigger producers are almost immune from these sorts of pollution cuts and actually benefit as smaller competitors are wiped out.”

“這些停產(chǎn)限產(chǎn)措施的特點(diǎn)是，每一次需要減少污染或產(chǎn)量時(shí)，都是較小規(guī)模的生產(chǎn)商遭到淘汰，”投資銀行藍(lán)橡資本(NSBO)中國(guó)問(wèn)題研究主任喬納斯•肖特(Jonas Short)表示，“更大的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)基本上免受這些防污染減產(chǎn)措施的影響，實(shí)際上反而受益于較小的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手被迫出局。”

Meanwhile, China’s state-owned steelmakers have been posting record-high revenues as they have been constrained by supply-side cuts, which have boosted demand and thus prices for steel domestically.

近來(lái)國(guó)有鋼鐵企業(yè)紛紛錄得創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄水平的營(yíng)收，因?yàn)楣┙o側(cè)削減提振了需求，進(jìn)而推高了國(guó)內(nèi)鋼材價(jià)格。

Meanwhile, prices for low grade iron ore, one of the key ingredients for steel, have plunged more than 18 per cent in the past month, further buffering the country’s biggest steel producers. With lower cost of inputs, China’s largest state-owned steel producers are expected to enjoy more robust profit margins even as capacity cuts continue to reduce overall output.

與此同時(shí)，低品位鐵礦石(鋼鐵的主要成分之一)價(jià)格在過(guò)去一個(gè)月下滑逾18%，這讓中國(guó)各大鋼鐵生產(chǎn)企業(yè)得到進(jìn)一步緩沖。原材料成本降低意味著，各大國(guó)有鋼鐵生產(chǎn)企業(yè)即使在產(chǎn)能削減繼續(xù)降低產(chǎn)量的情況下，也將受益于更為強(qiáng)勁的利潤(rùn)率。