解振華：中國(guó)碳市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)備就緒

China’s top climate official said on Tuesday that preparations for a nationwide emissions trading scheme were “basically complete” but he stopped short of giving a date for its launch and warned of the dangers of “excessive investment”.

中國(guó)最高氣候官員周二表示，全國(guó)范圍碳排放交易機(jī)制的準(zhǔn)備工作基本完成，但他沒(méi)有給出具體的交易啟動(dòng)日期，并警告有過(guò)度投資的危險(xiǎn)。

Beijing announced two years ago that 2017 would be the year in which it rolled out a national carbon trading scheme that experts believe will become the largest of its type, eclipsing that of the EU.

北京方面兩年前宣布，將在2017年推出一個(gè)全國(guó)碳交易機(jī)制;專家們相信，這將成為同類市場(chǎng)中規(guī)模最大的，超過(guò)歐盟的排放交易市場(chǎng)。

But Xie Zhenhua, Beijing’s lead negotiator at the United Nations climate change conference in Bonn, pointed to several pitfalls associated with China’s plans even as he hailed its progress. The scheme is intended to reduce carbon emissions by creating a market cost for carbon emitters.

但在波恩舉行的聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化會(huì)議上，中國(guó)氣候變化事務(wù)特別代表解振華在夸耀中國(guó)進(jìn)展的同時(shí)，也指出與中國(guó)的計(jì)劃相關(guān)的幾個(gè)潛在問(wèn)題。該計(jì)劃旨在通過(guò)為碳排放者制造一個(gè)市場(chǎng)成本來(lái)減少碳排放。

“The work to create a national carbon market has won successes and the whole process is going well,” Mr Xie said in a speech. “Preparations for the carbon market are basically complete and after approval it can go ahead.”

解振華在發(fā)表講話時(shí)表示，全國(guó)碳市場(chǎng)建設(shè)總體進(jìn)展良好，啟動(dòng)工作一切準(zhǔn)備就緒，已進(jìn)入審批程序，一旦批準(zhǔn)，就會(huì)啟動(dòng)。

Chinese officials and experts in Bonn, who declined to be identified, said that Beijing may miss its original target of launching the scheme this year but may be ready for the inauguration early next year.

在波恩的中國(guó)官員和專家們(他們希望匿名)稱，北京方面可能錯(cuò)過(guò)今年啟動(dòng)全國(guó)碳市場(chǎng)的原定目標(biāo)，但有望在明年初做好準(zhǔn)備。

The expected delay comes after a report this week found that stronger Chinese economic growth would push global greenhouse gas emissions to a record high in 2017 after remaining flat for three years, dashing tentative hopes of a turning point in the world’s efforts to curb climate change. China is predicted to see a 3.5 per cent jump in emissions in 2017, according to the report by the Global Carbon Project.

預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)出現(xiàn)這一延遲之際，本周發(fā)表的一份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，更強(qiáng)勁的中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)將使全球溫室氣體排放量在連續(xù)三年持平后在2017年創(chuàng)下歷史新高，粉碎人們對(duì)于世界遏制氣候變化的努力已經(jīng)達(dá)到轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)的初步希望。根據(jù)“全球碳計(jì)劃”(Global Carbon Project)的這份報(bào)告，預(yù)計(jì)中國(guó)2017年的排放量將增加3.5%。

Mr Xie stuck a cautious tone in describing some of the parameters of the planned trading scheme. He said the scheme would start by trading the carbon of a selected group of companies from “mature” industries and then build scale from there.

解振華在介紹計(jì)劃中的交易機(jī)制的一些參數(shù)時(shí)語(yǔ)氣謹(jǐn)慎。他表示，該機(jī)制在開始時(shí)將從成熟行業(yè)挑選一組公司，由它們進(jìn)行碳排放交易，然后逐漸構(gòu)建規(guī)模。

Carbon futures trading will not be available at least at the launch stage of the scheme, he said. “As the activity of the emissions trading scheme continues we intend to avoid excessive investment and development of excessive financial derivatives,” he said.

他說(shuō)，至少在交易機(jī)制的啟動(dòng)階段不會(huì)搞碳期貨交易。他表示，在排放交易機(jī)制的活動(dòng)繼續(xù)開展之際，有關(guān)部門打算避免過(guò)度投資和發(fā)展過(guò)多的金融衍生產(chǎn)品。

“The aim of the spot contract trading will be to reduce carbon,” Mr Xie said. “This is our sole aim.”

解振華說(shuō)，現(xiàn)貨合約交易的目的是減少碳排放;這是官方的唯一目標(biāo)。

Although Mr Xie said that market forces would play a “decisive role” in setting prices for carbon traded in the national scheme, he added the qualifier that “the government may also provide some guidance”.

盡管解振華表示，市場(chǎng)力量將在全國(guó)碳交易市場(chǎng)上的定價(jià)中起到?jīng)Q定性作用，但他也補(bǔ)充了限定措辭，稱政府也可能提供一些指引。

Chinese climate experts said that one of Beijing’s greatest concerns was that the scheme could become a casino for speculators, potentially bidding up the price of carbon to levels than punish industry.

中國(guó)氣候?qū)＜冶硎?，北京方面最?dān)心的問(wèn)題之一是，該交易機(jī)制可能成為投機(jī)者的賭場(chǎng)，潛在抬高碳排放價(jià)格，使其達(dá)到懲罰工業(yè)的水平。

China has been gathering experience from seven pilot trading schemes launched at local government level. By the end of September, an accumulated total of 197m tonnes of carbon dioxide has been traded in these seven pilot cities with a total value of Rmb4.5bn.

中國(guó)從地方政府層面的七個(gè)試點(diǎn)交易計(jì)劃積累了經(jīng)驗(yàn)。截至今年9月底，這七個(gè)試點(diǎn)省市累計(jì)交易二氧化碳當(dāng)量1.97億噸，總價(jià)值達(dá)45億元人民幣。