G20必須推動基礎設施投資增長

As Argentina assumes the presidency of the G20 economies, we believe that three main priorities must be addressed: the future of work, infrastructure for development and a sustainable food future.

在阿根廷開始輪值二十國集團(G20)主席國之際，我們認為有三件大事須優(yōu)先解決：工作的未來、為發(fā)展提供支持的基礎設施以及可持續(xù)食品的未來。

The G20 finance ministers, who are meeting this week in Buenos Aires, plan to focus predominately on the first two. 本周將在布宜諾斯艾利斯開會的G20財長們計劃集中討論前兩個議題。

The future of work is perhaps the most important issue of the 21st century, with economic, social and political consequences for all countries, but particularly ones such as Argentina, that are seeking deeper integration and exchange with the world.

工作的未來也許是21世紀最重要的議題，影響到所有國家的經(jīng)濟、社會和政治，但對阿根廷這樣的正致力于更深地融入世界并與世界交流的國家來說尤為如此。

The current wave of technological change is expected to bring economic benefits: new ways of doing business, new industries, better jobs and higher living standards. At the same time, transitions can be bumpy. Old industries and traditional jobs will probably come under threat.

當前這輪技術變革浪潮有望帶來一些經(jīng)濟效益：新的經(jīng)營方式、新的產(chǎn)業(yè)、更好的工作以及更高的生活水平。與此同時，轉型也許不會順利。老的產(chǎn)業(yè)及傳統(tǒng)的工作崗位可能會受到威脅。

Making the new wave of technological breakthroughs as smooth and inclusive as possible requires investment in education, skills and training. We plan to focus the G20 discussions on a handful of key issues, with the aim of agreeing a menu of policy options we can draw upon as our individual circumstances unfold.

要使新一輪的技術突破盡可能地平穩(wěn)且惠及更多人，就需要投資教育、技能與培訓。我們計劃將此次G20會議討論的重點集中在幾個關鍵議題上，以達成一份可以根據(jù)我們自身具體情況采用的政策選項清單。

As an important first step, we will measure the impact that rapid technological change has on productivity, growth, job creation and displacement, labour market polarisation, competition and the business environment, and, importantly, gender inequality and inequality between countries.

作為重要的第一步，我們將衡量迅速的技術變革給以下諸多方面帶來的影響：生產(chǎn)率、增長、工作崗位的生成和消亡、勞動力市場的兩極分化、競爭和商業(yè)環(huán)境，以及重要的是，性別不平等與國家間的不平等。

The G20’s second area of focus is infrastructure for development.

本次G20會議討論的第二個重點議題就是為發(fā)展提供支持的基礎設施。

Everyone agrees that investment in transportation, basic sanitation, energy and digital connectivity enhances access and boosts growth and productivity. Yet, while there has been emphasis on infrastructure financing since the global financial crisis, private participation in infrastructure investment is in decline in many countries, especially in the developing world and in our region of Latin America and the Caribbean.

大家都認同，投資交通、基本衛(wèi)生設施、能源與數(shù)字接入能促進開放并提振增長和生產(chǎn)率。然而，雖然自全球金融危機以來，基礎設施投資一直受到重視，但在許多國家，尤其是發(fā)展中國家及我們所在的拉丁美洲和加勒比地區(qū)，基礎設施投資的私人部門參與度在下降。

Mobilising private capital towards investment in infrastructure is therefore a core aim of ours. The global gap between the infrastructure improvements that are planned and what will be needed by 2035 stands at $5.5tn, according to the consultancy McKinsey, while institutional investors are managing $80tn, much of it in assets that offer lower than hoped for yields.

因此，動員私人資本投資基礎設施，是我們的一個核心目標。咨詢公司麥肯錫(McKinsey)稱，全球范圍內(nèi)，已納入計劃的基礎設施改善工程投入與到2035年所需的此類工程總投入之間的缺口，達到了5.5萬億美元，雖然機構投資者管理著價值80萬億美元的資產(chǎn)，但其中很多資產(chǎn)的收益率不理想。

Developing the financial instruments that would catalyse infrastructure investment at large scale would potentially address both these issues at once.

開發(fā)能夠促進大規(guī)?；A設施投資的金融工具，有可能同時解決這兩個問題。

Our core ambition for the G20 is to begin a process of developing infrastructure into a new class of assets underpinned by standardised contracts, legal structures and conflict resolution mechanisms.

我們寄予本次G20會議的核心愿望就是希望它能開啟一個進程，將基礎設施發(fā)展為一個以標準化合同、法律結構及沖突解決機制為支撐的新的資產(chǎn)類別。

A parallel can be seen in the standardisation of contracts for over-the-counter swaps and derivative transactions by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (Isda). Isda’s actions have lowered costs and complexities, widened the pool of investors, and dramatically increased the flow of capital into these vehicles.

國際掉期及衍生工具協(xié)會(International Swaps and Derivatives Association，簡稱ISDA)對場外掉期和衍生品交易合約的標準化，可以為我們提供參考。ISDA的行動降低了成本，讓交易變得不那么復雜，納入了更多投資者，并大大增加了流入這些工具的資金。

Our G20 finance track priorities are inspired by the group’s goal of achieving strong, sustainable, balanced, and inclusive growth and its values of consensus-based decision-making. We are conscious that our G20 presidency comes a decade on from the onset of the global financial crisis. The steps taken at that time by the G20 were critical in averting a global depression.

G20實現(xiàn)強勁、可持續(xù)、平衡、普惠增長的目標及其基于共識做出決策的價值觀，啟發(fā)了我們制定的G20財金渠道(Finance Track)工作重點。我們意識到，我們在金融危機爆發(fā)十周年之際開始輪值G20主席國。G20當時采取的措施對防止一場全球經(jīng)濟蕭條起到了至關重要的作用。

We will continue our work on international taxation, international financial architecture, financial inclusion and financial regulation, to ensure that the system remains resilient and conducive to growth. These issues remain at the heart of the G20’s co-operative efforts.

我們將繼續(xù)在國際稅收、國際金融架構、金融普惠和金融監(jiān)管方面開展工作，以確保該體系保持彈性并有利于增長。這些問題仍然是G20合作努力的核心。

Overall, we plan to deliver a targeted and globally relevant agenda, one that shows our commitment to international co-operation, multilateralism and global governance, and one that builds consensus and promotes fairness and sustainability.

總之，我們計劃提出一個有針對性的、與全世界息息相關的議程，表明我們致力于國際合作、多邊主義和全球治理的決心，建立共識并促進公平與可持續(xù)性。

The writer is the Treasury minister of Argentina.

本文作者是阿根廷財政部部長