中國威脅對600億美元美國商品加征關(guān)稅

BEIJING — China threatened on Friday to tax an additional $60 billion a year worth of imports from the United States if the Trump administration imposes its own new levies on Chinese goods.

北京——周五，中國威脅稱，如果特朗普政府對中國商品征收新的關(guān)稅，就要對額外600億美元的美國進口商品增稅。

The threat comes just two days after President Trump ordered his administration to consider increasing the rate of tariffs it has already proposed on $200 billion a year of Chinese goods — everything from chemicals to handbags — to 25 percent from 10 percent.

在中國發(fā)出這一威脅兩天前，特朗普總統(tǒng)命令他的政府考慮，對每年2000億美元的中國產(chǎn)品征收的關(guān)稅從10%增加到25%，這些產(chǎn)品包括從化學品到手包在內(nèi)的各種東西。

The United States and China, the world’s two biggest economies, have for months been engaged in an escalating trade dispute. While they have targeted each others’ products, the interconnected nature of the global economy has meant that other regions, like Europe, have also been caught up in the back-and-forth.

美國和中國是世界上兩個最大的經(jīng)濟體，幾個月來一直卷入不斷升級的貿(mào)易爭端。雖然它們只是針對對方的產(chǎn)品，但全球經(jīng)濟的相互關(guān)聯(lián)性意味著歐洲等其他地區(qū)也被卷入了這場拉鋸戰(zhàn)。

Beijing and Washington imposed matching tariffs last month on $34 billion apiece of each others’ products, and have plans to add another $16 billion worth of goods to their lists. Previous rounds of tariffs cover a lengthy list of products from steel and aluminum to washing machines and even dried fruit.

北京和華盛頓于上個月各自向?qū)Ψ絻r值340億美元的產(chǎn)品征收了相應的關(guān)稅，并計劃在它們的名單上再增加價值160億美元的商品。之前的幾輪關(guān)稅涵蓋了許多產(chǎn)品，從鋼鋁到洗衣機，甚至是干果。

The latest Chinese tariffs would, if implemented, be up to 25 percent, and cover 5,207 tariff categories, the country’s commerce ministry said in a statement on its website.

中國商務部在其網(wǎng)站上發(fā)布的一份聲明稱，最新的中國關(guān)稅方案一旦實施，將高達25%，涵蓋5207個稅目。

“Because the U.S. side has repeatedly escalated the tension, disregarding the interests of enterprises and consumers of both sides, China has to take necessary countermeasures to defend the country’s dignity and the interests of the Chinese people, defend free trade and the multilateral system, and defend the common interests of all countries in the world,” the ministry said.

“由于美方不顧雙方企業(yè)和消費者利益，一再升級事態(tài)，中國不得不采取必要的反制措施，以捍衛(wèi)國家尊嚴和人民利益，捍衛(wèi)自由貿(mào)易和多邊體系，捍衛(wèi)世界各國共同利益，”商務部稱。

China’s decision to threaten $60 billion of American goods is the first time this year that Beijing has not tried to match Washington’s tariffs dollar for dollar. China instead is threatening roughly two-fifths of its purchases from the United States after President Trump threatened two-fifths of China’s much larger exports to the United States, said Tu Xinquan, the executive dean of the China Institute for World Trade Organization Studies at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing.

中國威脅對600億美元的美國商品實施關(guān)稅的決定，是今年北京第一次沒有試圖向華盛頓征收金額對等的關(guān)稅。在特朗普總統(tǒng)威脅對中國向美國出口的五分之二產(chǎn)品征收關(guān)稅后，中國也威脅對大約占來自美國進口量的五分之二征收關(guān)稅，中國向美國出口的產(chǎn)品要多得多，北京對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學中國世界貿(mào)易組織研究院院長屠新泉表示。

“It’s more proportionate,” Mr. Tu said.

“更多是按比例的，”屠新泉說。

China wants to find a negotiated solution to the two sides’ trade policy differences, but also could not simply ignore President Trump’s threat earlier this week, Mr. Tu added.

屠新泉還說，中國希望通過談判解決雙方的貿(mào)易政策分歧，但也不能簡單地忽視特朗普總統(tǒng)本周早些時候的威脅。

Mr. Trump ordered the Office of the United States Trade Representative on Wednesday to consider the possibility of 25 percent tariffs on $200 billion a year worth of Chinese goods. The 25 percent tariffs could be imposed in place of 10 percent tariffs that are already under discussion. Those tariffs have not taken effect, and a final decision on their size and scope is not expected until next month.

特朗普周三下令美國貿(mào)易代表辦公室(Office of the United States Trade Representative)考慮對每年價值2000億美元的中國商品征收25%關(guān)稅的可能性。這批可能征收的25%關(guān)稅會用來代替已經(jīng)在討論中的10%關(guān)稅。那些關(guān)稅尚未生效，其規(guī)模和范圍的最終決定要到下個月才能作出。

Beijing did not really have the option of responding dollar for dollar because China simply does not buy that much from the United States. China sells goods each year to the United States worth nearly four times as much as it buys.

北京實際上無法做出征收金額對等關(guān)稅的選擇，因為中國根本沒有從美國購買那么多商品。中國每年向美國出口的商品價值幾乎是從美國進口商品價值的四倍。

But Chinese officials have suggested in recent weeks that if the United States proceeds with tariffs on a very wide range of Chinese goods, then Beijing may also retaliate against the Chinese-owned operations of big American companies. From Apple to General Motors, a long list of large American enterprises have transferred extensive operations to China and could be vulnerable to any response from Beijing.

但中方官員近幾周表示，如果美國對大范圍中國商品征收關(guān)稅，那么北京也可能會對在中國的美國大型公司的業(yè)務進行報復。從蘋果公司到通用汽車公司，一大批美國大企業(yè)已將大量業(yè)務轉(zhuǎn)移到中國，北京的任何回應都很容易影響到它們。

The iPhones, Chevrolets and other products manufactured and sold in China by American companies are mostly designed in the United States, and the Trump administration has declared various Chinese industries to be threatening American national security, illegally copying foreign intellectual property or causing widespread job losses in the United States. China has denied violating international trade norms.

iPhone手機、雪佛蘭和其他美國公司在中國制造和銷售的產(chǎn)品主要是在美國設(shè)計的，特朗普政府已宣布，多個中國產(chǎn)業(yè)正在威脅美國國家安全、非法抄襲外國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)或給美國造成大量失業(yè)。中國否認自己違反國際貿(mào)易準則。

China’s latest threat on trade came at the end of a day during which Beijing also allowed its currency, the renminbi, to slide further against the dollar in foreign exchange markets. The currency is allowed to trade in a daily range set by the central bank.

中國最近的貿(mào)易威脅發(fā)生在一天結(jié)束之際，北京允許人民幣兌美元匯率在外匯市場進一步下滑。人民幣被允許在中央銀行設(shè)定的每日交易區(qū)間內(nèi)進行交易。

China’s central bank has now let the currency slip almost 9 percent since mid-April, when it took less than 6.3 renminbi to buy a dollar. A weaker renminbi makes Chinese exports more competitive in foreign markets, while making imported goods more expensive within China. Government advisers and analysts have said that the government is not deliberately driving the currency down against the dollar to derive a trade advantage, but is being led instead by traders in currency markets, who are increasingly worried about China’s slowing economy and huge debt burden.

自4月中旬以來，中國央行已經(jīng)讓人民幣匯率下跌近9%，當時人民幣匯率不到一美元兌換6.3元人民幣。人民幣貶值使中國出口產(chǎn)品在國外市場上更具競爭力，同時令中國進口商品更加昂貴。政府顧問和分析人士表示，政府并沒有刻意推動人民幣兌美元匯率下跌以獲得貿(mào)易優(yōu)勢，匯率下跌是由貨幣市場的交易者引起的，他們越來越擔心中國經(jīng)濟放緩和巨額債務負擔。

By adding the option of 25 percent tariffs, however, the Trump administration would have an extra weapon in case the renminbi falls further and gives Chinese exporters an added advantage.

然而，通過增加25%的關(guān)稅，特朗普政府將擁有額外的武器，以防人民幣進一步下跌，從而為中國出口商提供額外的優(yōu)勢。

The Chinese commerce ministry’s statement appeared to anticipate possible tariff levels that the Trump administration might impose, with the ministry saying that it was mulling tariffs at four possible levels on the $60 billion in goods, ranging from 5 percent to 25 percent.

中國商務部的聲明似乎預計到了特朗普政府可能施加的關(guān)稅水平，它表示，正在考慮對價值600億美元商品加征四個水平的關(guān)稅，從5%到25%不等。

China sold $505.6 billion worth of goods to the United States last year and purchased $130.4 billion. The United States did run a $38.5 billion trade surplus last year with China in services, like banking and insurance. But part of this sum may have represented efforts by worried Chinese families and households to move money out of the country, as opposed to actual purchases of services provided by American companies and individuals.

中國去年向美國出口了價值5056億美元的商品，進口了價值1304億美元的商品。去年，在銀行和保險等服務業(yè)領(lǐng)域，美國對中國確實有385億美元的貿(mào)易順差。但是，這筆款項的一部分可能代表了焦慮的中國家庭將資金轉(zhuǎn)出國外的努力，而不是用于實際購買美國公司和個人提供的服務。