你每年從食鹽中吃進(jìn)2000粒塑料，這不是危言聳聽(tīng)

塑料垃圾泛濫成災(zāi)已經(jīng)給環(huán)境帶來(lái)災(zāi)難，也威脅著人們的健康。由于塑料難以降解，會(huì)以微塑料的形式長(zhǎng)久存在于食物鏈中，最終通過(guò)飲水和食物進(jìn)入到我們的身體里。最新研究顯示，就連我們每天都要攝入的食鹽，也難逃塑料污染，你每年從食鹽中吃進(jìn)2000粒塑料，你敢相信嗎?

A study published Tuesday (Oct. 16) in the journal Environmental Science and Technology found microplastics in more than 90% of the packaged food-grade salt—also known as table salt—for sale in stores.

美國(guó)《環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)》月刊10月16日發(fā)表的一篇研究報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，商店里出售的包裝食品級(jí)鹽(即食鹽)中，有超過(guò)90%含有微塑料。

【小知識(shí)】什么是微塑料?

微塑料，是指粒徑很小的塑料顆粒以及紡織纖維，現(xiàn)在在學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)于微塑料的尺寸還沒(méi)有普遍的共識(shí)，通常認(rèn)為粒徑小于5mm的塑料顆粒為微塑料。聯(lián)合國(guó)海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)科學(xué)問(wèn)題聯(lián)合專家組(GESAMP)稱其為“溫柔殺手”。因?yàn)?，微塑料能夠被分解成?xì)小的顆粒和碎片，混入土壤、水源以及動(dòng)植物體內(nèi)。

The team, from South Korea’s Incheon National University and Greenpeace East Asia, sampled 39 brands of salt harvested in 21 countries and regions. Only three of the samples had no detectable microplastics.

韓國(guó)仁川國(guó)立大學(xué)和綠色和平東亞分部的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)21個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的39份食鹽進(jìn)行了取樣分析，只有3個(gè)樣品沒(méi)有可檢測(cè)到的微塑料。

Microplastics are virtually everywhere. Sea salt and lake salt are made by evaporating water and harvesting the salt that remains. Plastic waste flows from rivers into those bodies of water, so it’s no surprise that the salt contains traces of it too. Scientists have been finding microplastics in salt for years, including in salt from countries and regions in Asia, Europe, and Africa.

微塑料實(shí)際上無(wú)處不在。海鹽和湖鹽都是通過(guò)將水分蒸發(fā)掉，獲得剩下的鹽分。廢塑料從河流進(jìn)入水體，因此食鹽里也含有微量塑料就不奇怪了。多年來(lái)，科學(xué)家已在來(lái)自亞洲、歐洲和非洲各地的食鹽中發(fā)現(xiàn)了微塑料。

But the latest study goes a step further, finding that looking at where the salt was produced is a good indicator of how much plastic pollution is coming from that particular region.

但最新的研究更深入一步，發(fā)現(xiàn)查看食鹽的生產(chǎn)地就能很好地說(shuō)明當(dāng)?shù)厮芰衔廴镜膰?yán)重程度。

The 39 samples came from Australia, Belarus, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chinese mainland and Taiwan, Croatia, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Korea, Pakistan, Philippines, Senegal, Thailand, the UK, the US, and Vietnam.

39份食鹽樣品分別來(lái)自澳大利亞、白俄羅斯、巴西、保加利亞、中國(guó)大陸和臺(tái)灣地區(qū)、克羅地亞、法國(guó)、德國(guó)、匈牙利、印度、印度尼西亞、意大利、韓國(guó)、巴基斯坦、菲律賓、塞內(nèi)加爾、泰國(guó)、英國(guó)、美國(guó)和越南。

Of these, 28 were sea salts, nine were rock salts, and two were lake salts.

其中，28份樣品是海鹽，9份是巖鹽，2份是湖鹽。

Only three of the samples were microplastics-free: a refined sea salt from Taiwan, a refined rock salt from Chinese mainland, and an unrefined sea salt in France.

只有3份食鹽樣品中不含微塑料：來(lái)自中國(guó)臺(tái)灣的精制食鹽、來(lái)自中國(guó)大陸的精制巖鹽和來(lái)自法國(guó)的未提煉的海鹽。

Salt made in Asia had by far the most microplastics of all the samples, which correlates with where plastic most often enters the ocean. Nine of the top 10 sea salts sampled with the highest amount of microplastics came from Asia.

到目前為止，所有樣品中含微塑料最多的食鹽均出自亞洲，這與亞洲的塑料通常流入大海有關(guān)。10種微塑料含量最高的食鹽中有9種都來(lái)自亞洲。

“The results indicate that not only is Asia a hot spot of global plastic pollution, as previous studies have suggested, but also that sea salt can be a good indicator of the magnitude of [microplastics] pollution in the surrounding marine environment,” the researchers write.

研究人員寫道：“研究結(jié)果不僅表明，亞洲是全球塑料污染最嚴(yán)重的危險(xiǎn)地區(qū)——就像以前的研究所顯示的那樣，同時(shí)也表明海鹽是衡量周邊海洋環(huán)境(微塑料)污染程度的一個(gè)很好的指針。”

Based on their results, the researchers estimate that the average adult ingests about 2,000 pieces of microplastic in salt per year. But, they write, that still only represents a fraction of the microplastics a person is likely to consume.

研究人員根據(jù)研究結(jié)果估計(jì)，一個(gè)成年人平均每年僅通過(guò)食鹽就吃進(jìn)約2000粒微塑料。不過(guò)，這可能只占一個(gè)人微塑料攝入量的很小一部分。

Previous research revealed that microplastics have also been found in tap water, mollusks, and both indoor and outdoor air. All together, those four pathways add up to an average 32,000 pieces of microplastic ingested per year per person. Inhaling microplastics in the air is by far the largest contributor—people ingest roughly 80% of the microplastics that enters their bodies through this route.

此前研究顯示，自來(lái)水、軟體動(dòng)物和室內(nèi)外空氣中都含有微塑料。再加上食鹽，一個(gè)成年人平均每年從以上4種途徑中攝入3.2萬(wàn)粒微塑料。從空氣中吸入微塑料目前來(lái)看占比最大，人們攝入的微塑料中有大約80%都是空氣吸入的。

Given those other sources of exposure, microplastics in table salt amounts to about 6% of a person’s total microplastics ingestion, the researchers write.

研究人員寫道，考慮到攝入微塑料的其他途徑，人們從食鹽中攝入的微塑料占到全部攝入量的大約6%。

Microplastics have also been found in beer and fish.

此外，啤酒和魚(yú)類中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了微塑料。