要安全還是要高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)：加拿大人如何看待華為

MONTREAL — In recent weeks, some viewers of “Hockey Night in Canada” have been jolted by the sight of a distinctive red chrysanthemum logo conspicuously displayed during the broadcast of a sports program as quintessentially Canadian as the national game itself.
蒙特利爾——在最近幾周，與加拿大國(guó)民運(yùn)動(dòng)本身一樣具有加國(guó)代表性的體育節(jié)目《加拿大冰球之夜》(Hockey Night in Canada)播出期間，紅色菊花的獨(dú)特標(biāo)識(shí)赫然可見，令一些觀眾感到震驚。
It is the logo for Huawei, the Chinese telecommunications giant whose chief financial officer, Meng Wanzhou, is out on bail in Vancouver, with a GPS tracking device around her ankle, as she awaits possible extradition to the United States to face fraud charges.
那是中國(guó)電信巨頭華為的標(biāo)識(shí)，它的首席財(cái)務(wù)官孟晚舟正在溫哥華處于保釋期內(nèi)，腳踝上有一個(gè)全球定位系統(tǒng)跟蹤設(shè)備。等待著她的可能是被引渡至美國(guó)，在那里接受欺詐指控。
Advertising on “Hockey Night” is just one example of the expanding footprint of Huawei in Canada, where it has invested a total of $500 million in research and development, including into 5G technology at leading Canadian universities.
在《冰球之夜》打廣告只是華為在加拿大擴(kuò)張足跡的一個(gè)例子。華為已在加拿大共投資5億美元用于研發(fā)，包括在加拿大一流大學(xué)投資5G技術(shù)的研發(fā)。
It also has research facilities in Ottawa, Waterloo, Montreal, and Vancouver; is providing high-speed internet to remote areas of the country; and employs about 1,100 people in Canada.
華為還在渥太華、滑鐵盧、蒙特利爾和溫哥華設(shè)有研究機(jī)構(gòu)；為加拿大邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)提供高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)；在加拿大有大約1100名員工。
Now, the company finds itself at the center of a rift in Chinese-Canadian relations caused by Ms. Meng’s case, which includes charges of evading United States economic sanctions on Iran. Following her arrest, China detained several Canadians and sentenced a Canadian drug smuggler to death, in what many here viewed as retaliation. If Canada decides to extradite her, which legal experts say is likely, there are concerns of significant reprisals.
如今，華為發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于由孟晚舟案導(dǎo)致的中加關(guān)系裂痕的中心地帶，該案包括繞過美國(guó)對(duì)伊朗經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁禁令的指控。在她被捕后，中國(guó)逮捕了幾名加拿大人，判處了一名加拿大毒販死刑，很多加拿大人視其為報(bào)復(fù)行為。如果加拿大決定將她引渡——法律專家稱這很有可能，人們擔(dān)心會(huì)遭到嚴(yán)重報(bào)復(fù)。
Even before Ms. Meng’s arrest, which has incensed China, some experts were warning that Huawei’s growing presence in Canada could undermine the country’s economic interests and security.
即便在孟晚舟被捕之前——此舉激怒了中國(guó)——一些專家已經(jīng)發(fā)出警告，華為在加拿大的日益擴(kuò)張可能會(huì)危害加拿大的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和安全。
Her case has only intensified those worries.
她的案件只是加劇了這些擔(dān)憂。
Canadians should take notice that “a company that is invested hugely in Canada is facing serious allegations of fraud,” said David Mulroney, Canada’s ambassador to China from 2009 to 2012.
加拿大人應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)注，“一個(gè)在加拿大大舉投資的公司正面臨嚴(yán)重的詐騙指控”，曾于2009年至2012年擔(dān)任加拿大駐華大使的馬大維(David Mulroney)說。
He noted that Huawei had been adept in its approach to the Canadian market, using savvy marketing techniques.
他指出，華為一直善于利用精明的營(yíng)銷技巧來打入加拿大市場(chǎng)。
“The message that Huawei is on your side in hockey is very shrewd,” Mr. Mulroney said, referring to the “Hockey Night” sponsorship. “Hockey is as close to the Canadian psyche as you can get.”
“華為在冰球比賽中站在你們這邊，這個(gè)信息非常精明，”穆洛尼這樣評(píng)價(jià)《冰球之夜》的贊助。“冰球是你能找到的最貼近加拿大人心靈的運(yùn)動(dòng)。”
Huawei’s attempt to woo Canadians comes as Canada’s security agencies are undertaking a national security review of whether Huawei technology should be allowed in Canada’s nascent 5G telecommunications network. That review will determine if Canada will accede to pressure from the United States to ban Huawei products from its 5G wireless networks amid concerns they could be used by the Chinese government for espionage.
就在華為試圖吸引加拿大人之際，加拿大安全機(jī)構(gòu)正在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)國(guó)家安全審查，以決定是否應(yīng)該允許華為的技術(shù)進(jìn)入加拿大尚在初創(chuàng)階段的5G電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這次審查將決定加拿大是否遵從美國(guó)的要求，以可能被中國(guó)政府用于間諜活動(dòng)為由，禁止華為5G無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)品。
Australia and New Zealand have already followed the United States by blocking Huawei from supplying technology for 5G infrastructure.
澳大利亞和新西蘭已經(jīng)效仿美國(guó)，阻止華為向5G基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施提供技術(shù)。
Scott Bardsley, a spokesman for the Canadian public safety minister, Ralph Goodale, declined to comment specifically on Huawei, but said the government was carefully assessing the security challenges and potential threats of 5G technology.
加拿大公共安全部長(zhǎng)拉爾夫·古德爾(Ralph Goodale)的發(fā)言人斯科特·巴德斯利(Scott Bardsley)拒絕具體就華為發(fā)表評(píng)論，但他說，政府正在仔細(xì)評(píng)估5G技術(shù)的安全挑戰(zhàn)和潛在威脅。
“We will ensure that our networks are kept safe for Canadians,” he said.
“我們將確保我們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)加拿大人來說是安全的，”他說。
Some experts argue against what they say is American demonizing of Huawei and say the Chinese company owes its success in Canada to making reasonably priced, good quality products consumers like to buy.
一些專家認(rèn)為美國(guó)人將華為妖魔化了，他們對(duì)此表示反對(duì)，認(rèn)為這家中國(guó)公司在加拿大取得的成功要?dú)w功于它生產(chǎn)了物美價(jià)廉的產(chǎn)品，消費(fèi)者愿意購買。
But former government officials have expressed concern.
但是前政府官員們表達(dá)了擔(dān)憂。
Richard Fadden, a former director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, who also was a national security adviser to two prime ministers, said Huawei represented a clear cybersecurity threat to Canada since Chinese companies like Huawei were required, by law, to respond to directions from the Chinese state, which collects intellectual property and intelligence from Western countries, including Canada.
加拿大安全情報(bào)局前主任理查德·法登(Richard Fadden)曾為兩屆總理擔(dān)任國(guó)家安全顧問，他認(rèn)為華為對(duì)加拿大構(gòu)成了明顯的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全威脅，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)法律規(guī)定，華為這樣的中國(guó)企業(yè)被要求遵循中國(guó)政府的指示，而中國(guó)政府在設(shè)法從加拿大等西方國(guó)家收集知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和情報(bào)。
“I would counsel the government to forbid the use of Huawei equipment in the development of our 5G network,” Mr. Fadden wrote in an email.
“我建議政府禁止在我們的5G網(wǎng)絡(luò)開發(fā)中使用華為設(shè)備，”法登在電子郵件中寫道。
He added that any controls or firewalls that worked today would eventually be overcome by China’s “very sophisticated and ingenious security agencies.”
他補(bǔ)充說，當(dāng)今任何有效的控制手段或防火墻，最終都會(huì)被中國(guó)“手段非常精良和巧妙的安全機(jī)構(gòu)”所克服。
At a news conference last week in Toronto, Huawei’s chairman, Liang Hua, insisted the company posed no threat. “On issues of cybersecurity, Huawei would never do anything to harm any country, any organization or any individual,” Mr. Liang said.
在上周于多倫多舉行的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上，華為董事長(zhǎng)梁華堅(jiān)稱公司不會(huì)構(gòu)成威脅，“在網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題上絕不會(huì)傷害任何國(guó)家、組織和個(gè)人。”
He said there was no law in China requiring companies “to install back doors or collect foreign intelligence.”
他說，中國(guó)沒有法律要求企業(yè)“強(qiáng)制安裝后門或者收集情報(bào)”。
He added that if Huawei ever received such a request from the Chinese state, it would not execute it because the law does not require it to do so.
他還說，即使華為未來收到中國(guó)政府的此類請(qǐng)求也不會(huì)執(zhí)行，因?yàn)榫芙^執(zhí)行并不違法。
Sitting in front of a sign with the words “10 Years” — representing Huawei’s decade of doing business in Canada — superimposed on a red Canadian maple leaf, Mr. Liang expressed Huawei’s continued commitment to Canada and praised the country as “an open and inclusive place.”

梁華身后的標(biāo)語有一片紅色的加拿大楓葉，其中嵌著“10年”的字樣，代表華為在加拿大開展業(yè)務(wù)已經(jīng)有10年。他表達(dá)了華為對(duì)加拿大的持續(xù)承諾，并稱贊加拿大“開放、包容”。
He also commented on Ms. Meng’s case.
他還對(duì)孟晚舟的案件發(fā)表了評(píng)論。
“I hope that the Canadian legal system could bring justice back to her,” he said, adding that the American pressure on its allies over Huawei had provided “a free round of advertisement for the company.”
他說，“希望加拿大司法體系能盡快還孟女士一個(gè)公道。”他還說，美國(guó)在華為問題上對(duì)盟友施加的壓力“其實(shí)是免費(fèi)給華為打廣告”。
Perhaps nowhere has Huawei’s influence in Canada been more present than in research and development, including at leading Canadian academic institutions, where it has made big investments in research.
華為在加拿大最具影響力的領(lǐng)域或許是研發(fā)，包括在加拿大領(lǐng)先的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)，它在這些機(jī)構(gòu)的研究方面進(jìn)行了大量投資。
These investments have generated alarm that, in return for money, cash-strapped Canadian universities are relinquishing control to Huawei of intellectual property related to 5G, while making themselves vulnerable to infiltration by China’s security apparatus.
這些投資令人們擔(dān)心，資金緊張的加拿大大學(xué)為換取資金，或許會(huì)將5G相關(guān)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的控制權(quán)拱手讓給華為，同時(shí)也使自己容易受到中國(guó)安全機(jī)構(gòu)的滲透。
Christian Chua, president of research at Huawei Canada, told reporters last week at the news conference that Huawei shared its intellectual property with the Canadian universities with which it partnered.
華為加拿大業(yè)務(wù)代表蔡常天上周在新聞發(fā)布會(huì)上對(duì)記者表示，華為同合作的加拿大大學(xué)分享了自己的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。
Wesley Wark, an intelligence expert at the University of Ottawa, noted that universities were typically not vigilant when it came to security issues.
渥太華大學(xué)(University of Ottawa)的情報(bào)專家韋斯利·沃克(Wesley Wark)指出，大學(xué)在安全問題上往往有失戒備。
He added, however, that the current “scaremongering” about Huawei was misplaced given that both China and Huawei had too much to lose if they spied on the West and lost access to those markets.
不過，他補(bǔ)充說，中國(guó)和華為如果因?yàn)閷?duì)西方開展間諜行為而失去進(jìn)入這些市場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)，將會(huì)令它們損失慘重，因此目前有關(guān)華為的“危言聳聽”是錯(cuò)誤的。
Nevertheless, concerns that Huawei’s products and infrastructure, including smartphones or cellular base stations, could be used by Chinese intelligence services have been swirling on some Canadian college campuses, including McGill University in Montreal.
盡管如此，對(duì)于華為的產(chǎn)品和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（包括智能手機(jī)或基站）可能被中國(guó)情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)使用的擔(dān)憂，一直在加拿大一些大學(xué)校園里回蕩，比如蒙特利爾的麥吉爾大學(xué)(McGill University)。
In December, Canadian Security Intelligence Service officials briefed about 15 researchers there who receive funding from Huawei about national security risks.
去年12月，加拿大安全情報(bào)局官員向該校大約15名接受華為資助的研究人員通報(bào)了國(guó)家安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
According to Vincent Allaire, a spokesman for McGill, the spy agency warned the researchers, among other things, that the technology they were working on in partnership with Huawei included “dual-use technology” that could potentially be used for military purposes.
據(jù)麥吉爾大學(xué)發(fā)言人文森特·阿萊爾(Vincent Allaire)稱，情報(bào)機(jī)構(gòu)警告研究人員，他們與華為合作開發(fā)的技術(shù)中，包括可能用于軍事目的的“兩用技術(shù)”。
Officials at other universities disputed there were any major risks involved in the research partnerships.
其他大學(xué)的官員對(duì)這種研究合作關(guān)系是否存在重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意見不一。
John-Paul Heale, who oversees company-sponsored research at the University of British Columbia, said Huawei had contributed about $8 million for 14 research projects over three years.
約翰-保羅·希爾(John-Paul Heale)在不列顛哥倫比亞大學(xué)(University of British Columbia)負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督華為贊助的研究項(xiàng)目。他說，華為在過去三年里為14個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目捐贈(zèng)了約800萬美元。
He stressed that the university could not become an outpost for secret research on behalf of the Chinese state because all research was required to be published in peer-reviewed journals.
他強(qiáng)調(diào)，該大學(xué)不可能成為中國(guó)政府秘密研究據(jù)點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗醒芯慷急仨氃谕性u(píng)議的期刊上發(fā)表。
“Our research is not happening in the shadows,” he said.
“我們的研究不是在暗中進(jìn)行的，”他說。
While Huawei’s business has been curtailed in the United States amid spying fears, the company is banking on the fact that in Canada, the desire for reasonably priced smartphones and high-speed internet is what ultimately matters to consumers.
盡管華為在美國(guó)的業(yè)務(wù)由于間諜活動(dòng)的擔(dān)憂而受到限制，但公司寄希望于這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：在加拿大，對(duì)價(jià)格合理的智能手機(jī)和高速互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的渴望，最終對(duì)消費(fèi)者來說是至關(guān)重要的。
That appears to be the case in Lac La Hache, British Columbia, population 258, a rural community about 300 miles from Vancouver, where Huawei has partnered with the internet provider ABC Communications to provide high-speed internet.
在不列顛哥倫比亞省距離溫哥華大約300英里、人口數(shù)量258人的拉拉哈奇村，情況似乎就是這樣。華為與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)供應(yīng)商ABC通信合作，為這個(gè)農(nóng)村社區(qū)提供高速互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。
Robert Fry, owner of Cariboo Radio station, said he currently has to commute 45 minutes each day to another town that has an internet connection fast enough to operate a web-based radio station.
卡里波廣播電臺(tái)(Cariboo Radio)的所有人羅伯特·弗萊(Robert Fry)說，目前他每天要花45分鐘往返于另一個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子，只有那里有足以運(yùn)營(yíng)一家網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣播站的網(wǎng)速。
Thanks to Huawei technology, he said he hopes to be able to work locally and save $20,000 a year.
他說，有了華為的技術(shù)，他有望能在本地工作，這樣每年可為他節(jié)省2萬美元。
“There are fears that China is corrupt and watching what we do and some people are scared they could spy on us,” he said. “But I’m not worried about that. What matters to me is getting high-speed internet.”
“有人擔(dān)心中國(guó)腐敗，并且監(jiān)視我們的所作所為，有些人害怕他們會(huì)監(jiān)視我們，”他說。“但我并不擔(dān)心。對(duì)我來說，重要的是擁有高速互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。”