名畫《吶喊》中的人原來不是在吶喊！大英博物館揭秘畫家本意

也許你不認識畫家蒙克，但你絕對不會不認識他的名畫《吶喊》。很多人都以為《吶喊》中捂著耳朵的人是在尖叫，但他們都會錯了畫家的本意。

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The figure in Edvard Munch's iconic artwork, "The Scream," is not actually screaming, as is widely assumed, the British Museum said on Wednesday. Instead, it is reacting to a scream.

大英博物館20日稱，愛德華·蒙克的經典畫作《吶喊》中的那個人其實不是像人們普遍以為的在吶喊或尖叫，而是在對尖叫作出反應。

Munch made clear what was going on in an inscription on a rarely-seen black-and-white version of the image, which Munch annotated with the words "I felt the great scream throughout nature."

蒙克在一幅罕見的黑白版《吶喊》上題詞道：“我感覺到大自然中處處都能聽到大聲尖叫”。這句話清楚表達了他的意圖。

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According to Giulia Bartrum, who is curating a Munch exhibition at the British Museum which features the black-and-white lithograph, this shows that the figure is hearing the scream rather than making it.

據大英博物館蒙克畫展的策展人朱莉亞·巴圖魯姆介紹，蒙克畫展中即將展出的這個黑白版畫表明，畫中人是聽到了尖叫，而不是在尖叫。

Munch, a Norwegian artist, finished the first painting in 1893, but made several more versions.

挪威藝術家蒙克于1893年完成了第一幅《吶喊》畫作，但之后又創(chuàng)作了其他幾個版本。

In the decades since, the image has morphed into a universal symbol for anxiety, and is clearly reference in the "person screaming" emoji. According to the emojitracker website, it is the 53rd most frequently used emoji.

幾十年來，這幅畫已經演變成了焦慮的普遍象征，并因此衍生出了表情符號“尖叫者”。根據“表情符號追蹤者”網站，“尖叫者”在最常使用的表情符號中排行第53位。

scream emoji from:redbubble.com

The British Museum is displaying the lithograph as part of its exhibition "Edvard Munch: love and angst" from April 11 to July 21.

大英博物館將于4月11日至7月21日期間在“愛德華·蒙克：愛和焦慮”展覽中展出這幅版畫。

lithograph['l?θ?ɡræf]: n. 平版印刷品

angst[æ?st]: n. 焦慮;擔心

Bartrum told INSIDER: "This rare version of The Scream that we're displaying at the British Museum makes clear that Munch's most famous artwork depicts a person hearing a 'scream' and not, as many people continue to assume and debate, a person screaming."

巴圖魯姆告訴內幕網說：“我們將在大英博物館展出的這個罕見的《吶喊》版本表明，蒙克最著名的這幅畫作中描繪的是一個聽到尖叫聲的人，而不是像很多人假定和爭論的那樣是一個尖叫的人。”

"Munch very deliberately included the caption [. . .] on this version to describe how his inspiration came from the anxiety he suddenly felt as he walked along a path in Oslo, a place you can still visit today," Bartrum continued.

巴圖魯姆說：“蒙克在這個版本上特意加了說明，描述他的靈感是怎么來的：他在奧斯陸的一條小路上走著，突然感到一陣焦慮，于是就產生了這幅畫的靈感。這條小路你現在還能看到。”

Munch said that the piece recreated the feeling of panic he felt when the sky turned blood red on his walk, according to Bartrum.

據巴圖魯姆介紹，蒙克說，這幅畫再現了他在路上看到天空變成血紅色時所感到的恐慌情緒。

"I have no doubt that this iconic figure is reacting to nature's external forces on that hillside. What can still be debated is whether, for Munch, those forces were real or psychological," the curator said.

這位策展人說：“毫無疑問，畫中人是在對山那頭的自然外力作出反應。但是對于蒙克來說，這種力量是真實的還是心理上的，還有待討論。”

She added that Munch was known for creating images that symbolize strong emotions, like love or jealousy. "The Scream" transmits the feeling of a panic-inducing scream with a simple design: Wavy bands in the sky give the sensation of a quivering tuning fork, as a figure covers its ears, Bartrum said.

她補充說，蒙克以創(chuàng)造象征強烈情感(比如愛或嫉妒)的畫作而聞名。《吶喊》通過簡單的構圖傳達出引發(fā)恐慌的尖叫感覺;在畫中人捂住耳朵時，天空中的帶狀波浪宛如抖動的音叉，讓人感受到聲音的震撼。

"This stylized gesture will always be instantly recognizable to people as despair," she said.

她說：“這種程式化的姿勢會讓人一眼就解讀出絕望。”