美國特拉華州發(fā)現(xiàn)可能致命的蚊媒EEE病毒

美國特拉華州發(fā)現(xiàn)可能致命的蚊媒EEE病毒

A potentially deadly mosquito-borne virus has been detected in Delaware, state officials said.

美國特拉華州相關(guān)人員表示，該州已發(fā)現(xiàn)一種可能致命的蚊媒病毒。

State officials on Friday announced they have detected Eastern Equine Encephalitis, more commonly known as EEE, in the sentinel chickens located in southwestern New Castle County, east-central Kent County, and southeastern Sussex County.

該州相關(guān)人員周五宣布，他們?cè)谖挥诩~卡斯?fàn)柨の髂喜?、肯特郡中東部和蘇塞克斯郡東南部的哨雞中發(fā)現(xiàn)了東部馬腦炎，通常被稱為EEE。

Sentinel chickens are placed in areas with mosquito problems so their blood can be drawn regularly to check for bug-borne viruses.

哨雞被放置在有蚊子問題的地方，這樣就可以定期抽取它們的血液來檢查蟲媒病毒。

“No human or equine cases of EEE or [West Nile virus] have been reported to date this year in Delaware,” state officials added.

特拉華州相關(guān)人員補(bǔ)充說:“今年迄今為止，還沒有人或馬感染EEE或(西尼羅河病毒)的病例報(bào)告。”

EEE, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is a rare disease that’s spread by infected mosquitoes. EEE “is one of a group of mosquito-transmitted viruses that can cause inflammation of the brain (encephalitis),” the federal health agency says.

根據(jù)美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心(CDC)的說法，EEE是一種由受感染的蚊子傳播的罕見疾病。EEE是一種通過蚊子傳播的病毒，可以引起大腦炎癥(腦炎)。

EEE is more common in Atlantic and Gulf Coast states, though the CDC said some cases have been reported in the Great Lakes area. It’s rare; only 5 to 10 cases are reported each year in the US.

EEE在大西洋沿岸和墨西哥灣沿岸各州更為常見，不過美國疾病控制與預(yù)防中心說，在五大湖地區(qū)也報(bào)告了一些病例。這是罕見的;美國每年只報(bào)告5到10例。

Symptoms of EEE typically appear four to 10 days after a person is bitten by an infected mosquito. Severe cases of the virus “begin with the sudden onset of headache, high fever, chills, and vomiting,” per the CDC, which noted, “the illness may then progress into disorientation, seizures, and coma.”

EEE的癥狀通常出現(xiàn)在被受感染的蚊子叮咬后4到10天。疾病控制與預(yù)防中心指出，這種病毒的嚴(yán)重病例“始于突然出現(xiàn)的頭痛、高燒、發(fā)冷和嘔吐”，“然后病情可能發(fā)展為定向障礙、癲癇和昏迷。”

One-third of those infected with EEE die, while survivors typically have “mild to severe brain damage.”

三分之一的EEE感染者死亡，而幸存者通常有“輕微到嚴(yán)重的腦損傷”。

There’s no specific treatment for the infection, either.

對(duì)于這種感染也沒有特定的治療方法。

“Antibiotics are not effective against viruses, and no effective antiviral drugs have been discovered. Severe illnesses are treated by supportive therapy which may include hospitalization, respiratory support, IV fluids, and prevention of other infections,” the CDC says.

“抗生素對(duì)病毒無效，目前還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)有效的抗病毒藥物。嚴(yán)重疾病可以通過支持性治療來治療，包括住院治療、呼吸支持、靜脈輸液和預(yù)防其他感染。”

The best way to prevent EEE and other mosquito-borne ailments is by draining standing water — like in birdbaths, buckets or on pool covers — as stagnant water can serve as a breeding ground for these insects. Other preventative measures include covering skin with long-sleeved pants and shirts while outside, and “properly using insect repellent containing DEET or another EPA-recognized ingredient whenever outdoors,” Delaware officials added.

預(yù)防EEE和其他由蚊子傳播的疾病的最好方法是排干死水——比如在鳥籠、水桶或游泳池蓋上——因?yàn)樗浪梢猿蔀檫@些昆蟲的滋生地。特拉華州相關(guān)人員補(bǔ)充說，其他預(yù)防措施包括在室外穿長袖褲子和襯衫，以及“在戶外適當(dāng)使用含有避蚊胺或其他epa認(rèn)可成分的驅(qū)蚊劑”。

Separately, Florida health officials announced in late July that several sentinel chickens in the state tested positive for EEE.

另外，佛羅里達(dá)州衛(wèi)生官員在7月底宣布，該州有幾只哨雞的EEE檢測(cè)呈陽性。