世界最老犀牛福斯塔去世，享年57歲

世界最老犀牛福斯塔去世，享年57歲

An eastern black rhino — believed to be the oldest in the world — died Friday in Tanzania, authorities said.

一只東部黑犀牛——據(jù)信是世界上最老的犀牛——于周五在坦桑尼亞死亡。

Fausta, a 57-year-old rhino, passed away from natural causes in the Ngorongoro Crater, part of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority. She lived a free-ranging life for more than 54 years in Ngorongoro until three years ago, when she was taken into a sanctuary because of health problems.

福斯塔是一頭57歲的犀牛，在恩戈羅恩戈羅環(huán)形山自然死亡，該環(huán)形山是恩戈羅恩戈羅保護(hù)區(qū)管理局的一部分。她在恩戈羅恩戈羅過了54年自由放養(yǎng)的生活，直到三年前，她因?yàn)榻】祮栴}被帶到避難所。

A scientist first spotted the rhino in 1965, when Fausta was 3 or 4 years old, a Facebook post from the conservation’s commissioner, Dr. Freddy Manongi, read. In 2016, the rhino’s health had started to deteriorate and authorities “were forced to put the animal in captivity, after several attacks from hyena and severe wounds thereafter.”

一位科學(xué)家在1965年首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了這頭犀牛，當(dāng)時(shí)福斯塔才三四歲。2016年，這頭犀牛的健康狀況開始惡化，當(dāng)局“在遭到幾次鬣狗襲擊，并在之后受到嚴(yán)重傷害后，被迫將其圈養(yǎng)。”

“Fausta also lost sight or vision, which further compromise its survival ability in the wild,” officials said, adding she “survived 57 years without bearing calves.”

“福斯塔還失去了視力或視力，這進(jìn)一步損害了它在野外的生存能力，”官員們說(shuō)，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)她“57年沒有生育小牛都活了下來(lái)。”

Manongi said rhinos usually live between 37 and 43 years old in the wild, and older than 50 years in captivity.

馬農(nóng)吉說(shuō)，野生犀牛通?；畹?7歲到43歲，圈養(yǎng)犀牛的壽命則超過50歲。

He noted a female southern white rhino named Sana, who died in captivity in November at a French zoo at 55 years olds, was considered the world’s oldest white rhino in captivity. Another rhino named Elly, the oldest-living black rhino in the U.S., died at the San Francisco Zoo in May 2017 at the age of 46.

他指出，去年11月在法國(guó)一家動(dòng)物園被圈養(yǎng)的雌性南方白犀牛Sana死亡，享年55歲，被認(rèn)為是世界上最老的圈養(yǎng)白犀牛。另一頭名為艾麗的犀牛是美國(guó)現(xiàn)存最老的黑犀牛他于2017年5月在舊金山動(dòng)物園去世，享年46歲。

Black rhinos, according to the World Wildlife Fund, are considered a critically endangered species, with a population of over more than 5,000. Nearly half of these are located in Namibia, which is allowed under international convention to permit five male rhinos a year to be legally killed by hunters.

根據(jù)世界野生動(dòng)物基金會(huì)，黑犀牛被認(rèn)為是一種極度瀕危物種，其數(shù)量超過5000頭。其中近一半位于納米比亞，根據(jù)國(guó)際公約，每年允許5頭雄性犀牛被獵人合法獵殺。

The species’ numbers declined 98 percent — to less than 2,500 — from 1960 to 1995, but because of “persistent conservation efforts across Africa, black rhino numbers have doubled from their historic low 20 years ago to between 5,042 and 5,455 today.”

從1960年到1995年，黑犀牛的數(shù)量下降了98%，不到2500頭，但由于“非洲各地持續(xù)的保護(hù)努力，黑犀牛的數(shù)量從20年前的歷史低點(diǎn)增加了一倍，達(dá)到今天的5042頭到5455頭。”

But despite its regrowth in population size, black rhinos are “still considered critically endangered,” as poachers illegally traffick rhino horns, threaten its recovery.

盡管黑犀牛的數(shù)量在不斷增長(zhǎng)，但由于偷獵者非法販賣犀牛角，黑犀牛“仍然被認(rèn)為是極度瀕危物種”，這對(duì)黑犀牛的恢復(fù)構(gòu)成了威脅。