澳大利亞遭受火災(zāi)破壞的森林正在恢復(fù)

澳大利亞遭受火災(zāi)破壞的森林正在恢復(fù)

In the back corner of a burned lot in Australia's fire-ravaged South Coast stands a torched tree. It's uppermost branches reach into a cloudless sky, brittle and bare.

在澳大利亞南海岸一片被大火燒毀的土地的后角，矗立著一棵被火燒過(guò)的樹(shù)。它最上面的樹(shù)枝伸向無(wú)云的天空，脆弱而光禿禿的。

But that's not where local resident Claire Polach is pointing. She gestures to the middle part of the tree, where lime green leaves sprout from blackened bark, as if the tree is wearing a shaggy sweater.

但這并不是當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窨巳R爾·波拉奇所指的地方。她指著樹(shù)的中間部分，那里石灰綠色的葉子從燒焦的樹(shù)皮中發(fā)芽，就好像樹(shù)穿著一件蓬松的毛衣。

To Polach, the burst of regrowth is a sign that despite a months' long assault of flame and smoke, the second-hottest summer on record and a multi-year drought, Australia's nature "is doing it's thing."

對(duì)波拉奇來(lái)說(shuō)，盡管經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)月的火焰和煙霧的困擾，經(jīng)歷了有記錄以來(lái)第二熱的夏天，經(jīng)歷了多年的干旱，但澳大利亞的自然“正在做它該做的事”。

As for people like her, recovering from the same? "We'll follow the nature," she says.

至于像她這樣的人，從同樣的困境中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)了嗎?”我們將遵循自然，”她說(shuō)。

This cycle of fire, rain and recovery has played out in Australia for millennia. The majority of the country's forests are uniquely adapted to fire. "Australia is, more than any other, a fire continent," writes ecologist and historian Stephen Pyne in his book "World Fire."

這種火、雨和復(fù)蘇的循環(huán)在澳大利亞已經(jīng)持續(xù)了幾千年。這個(gè)國(guó)家的大部分森林都特別適合(引發(fā))火災(zāi)。”生態(tài)學(xué)家和歷史學(xué)家斯蒂芬·派恩在他的《世界之火》一書(shū)中寫(xiě)道：“澳大利亞比任何其他國(guó)家都更像是一個(gè)火大陸。”

But scientists have long warned that a warming climate could mean more severe fires, more often. Now there are concerns that even a fire continent will struggle to recover from the scale and severity of recent events.

但科學(xué)家一直警告說(shuō)，氣候變暖可能意味著更嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)，而且更頻繁?，F(xiàn)在有人擔(dān)心，即使是一個(gè)火災(zāi)大陸也很難從最近事件的規(guī)模和嚴(yán)重性中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。

New research published in the journal Nature Climate Change found that a staggering 21 percent of Australia's forested area burned in the 2019-2020 fire season, a figure the authors say is "globally unprecedented".

發(fā)表在《自然-氣候變化》雜志上的最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，澳大利亞有21%的森林面積在2019-2020年的火災(zāi)季節(jié)被燒毀，這一數(shù)字“在全球范圍內(nèi)是前所未有的”。

Recovering for now

暫時(shí)恢復(fù)

His eyes on a narrow dirt road in front of him, Colin Brown gestures his head at the walls of burned trees passing on either side of his rumbling fire tanker.

科林·布朗的目光落在前方一條狹窄的土路上，他的頭朝著燃燒的樹(shù)墻，這些樹(shù)從他隆隆作響的消防車(chē)兩邊經(jīng)過(guò)。

"Good way to assess how bad the fire was is the scorch marks on the trees," he says. Two trucks ahead of him is a team of ecologists from the Australian National University, here in Tallaganda National Park to survey the damage caused by a recent fire.

他說(shuō)：“評(píng)估火災(zāi)嚴(yán)重程度的好方法是樹(shù)上的焦痕。”。他前面的兩輛卡車(chē)是澳大利亞國(guó)立大學(xué)的生態(tài)學(xué)家組成的一個(gè)小組，他們?cè)谒蔬_(dá)國(guó)家公園調(diào)查最近一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)造成的損失。

Brown, a deputy captain with the Rural Fire Service in New South Wales, already has a pretty good idea of it. He, like tens of thousands of other volunteer firefighters, has spent the last few months doing what he could to protect homes, ranches and other people tucked between.

布朗是新南威爾士州農(nóng)村消防隊(duì)的副隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，他已經(jīng)對(duì)此有了很好的認(rèn)識(shí)。他和其他數(shù)萬(wàn)名志愿消防隊(duì)員一樣，在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)月里，盡他所能保護(hù)居住地、牧場(chǎng)和其他被大火吞噬的人們。

A recent study by a group of international scientists confirmed what Brown and many others suspected: human-caused climate change contributed to the conditions they saw over the last few months, making them 30 percent more likely. "The weather's just different," Brown says.

一組國(guó)際科學(xué)家最近的一項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)了布朗和其他許多人的猜測(cè):過(guò)去幾個(gè)月里，他們所看到的情況是由人類(lèi)引起的氣候變化造成的，這種情況發(fā)生的可能性增加了30%。“天氣都不一樣了，”布朗說(shuō)。

Outside, the scorch marks now reach the tops of the trees. The ground below is littered with fallen logs and dead leaves. Brown stops the engine and puts on a helmet, a caution against any weakened trees that have yet to fall.

外面，燒焦的痕跡已經(jīng)蔓延到樹(shù)頂。下面的地面上散落著倒下的圓木和枯葉。布朗關(guān)掉引擎，戴上頭盔，警告人們小心那些還沒(méi)有倒下的樹(shù)。