釋義:
讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種,其本身也是狀語從句。一般翻譯為“盡管……”或“即使……”,就是我們?nèi)粘I钪杏玫?ldquo;退一步說…”的感覺。
連詞:
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些:though,although,while,as; even if,even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑問詞,疑問詞-ever,regardless of+名詞/名詞短語/名詞從句,despite,in spite of。切記although,though 不可與but連用,但可以與still和yet連用。
用法:
?、舤hough, although 表示“雖然,縱然”之意
這兩個(gè)連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語中,though較常使用,although比though正式,二者都可與yet,still或never,the less連用,但不能與but連用。例如:
I will remains firm though I must lower my physical sights.盡管我得降低體育(鍛煉)的目標(biāo),但我的意志是堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的。
Though I believe it,yet I must consider.盡管我相信這一點(diǎn),但我還得考慮考慮。
Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working.雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了,但仍然繼續(xù)工作。
Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong.他雖然年紀(jì)大了,身體還很健壯。
值得注意的是,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如:
She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學(xué)習(xí),考試卻及格了。
?、芶s(though) 表示“雖然…但是”,“縱使…”之意
as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形,though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,但although不可以這樣用。例如:
Object as/though you may, I’ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I’ll go.)縱使你反對,我也要去。
Hard as/ though he works,he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.)盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步。
Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.(=Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do.)雖然他是一個(gè)孩子,但他知道該做什么。
Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book so soon.縱然你讀得快,你也不能這么快讀完這本書。
Lover of towns as I am,I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.盡管我愛城市,但我知道,以往的鄉(xiāng)村生活使我受益匪淺。
Small as atome are, they are made up of still smaller units.盡管原子很小,但它們由更小的單位構(gòu)成。
由這一個(gè)復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果,所以它的語氣是比較強(qiáng)烈的,從而也更加堅(jiān)定了主句的內(nèi)容。例如:
You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy.不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個(gè)典禮。
Whether you believe it or not,it's true.無論你是否相信,這都是真的。
Whether or not they win this battle,they won't win the war.不管他們是否能贏得這次戰(zhàn)役,他們絕不會(huì)贏得這場戰(zhàn)爭。[1]
﹙3﹚“no matter+疑問詞=疑問詞-ever 含義為“……都……;不管……都……”
它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened,he would not mind.)無論發(fā)生了什么事情,他都不會(huì)介意的。
No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are,you must keep the law.)不管你是誰,你都需要遵紀(jì)守法。
When anyone does something for you, no matter how samll and no matter whether he's a superior or servant, it's proper to say“Thank you”.只要任何人替你做了一件事,不管事情多么微不足道,也不管他是你的上司還是你的仆人,你都應(yīng)該說聲“謝謝”。
但“no matter+疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如:
Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you. (Whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語句)無論你說什么,我都不會(huì)相信你。
I'll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句)你給我吃什么,我就吃什么。
Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導(dǎo)主語從句)不管誰來都受到歡迎。
此外,有時(shí)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但一般要位于句首。例如:
While I like the colour, I don't like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色,但不喜歡那形狀。
綜上所述,我們可以看出,學(xué)習(xí)讓步狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選用;其次,要注意的是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序。
?、葁hether...or...
表示“不論是否……”,“不管是……還是……”之意。
(5)even though和even if的用法區(qū)別
兩者均可用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,其細(xì)微區(qū)別是:
1. even if 引導(dǎo)的從句是往往是假設(shè)性的,相當(dāng)于漢語的“即使”“縱然”“就算”“哪怕”。如:
They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功,他們也會(huì)支持你。 Even if I have to walk all the way I’ll get there. 即使我得一路走著去,我也要走到那里。
Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 即使明天下雨,我們也決不改變計(jì)劃。
For my part, I plan to go to the party even if you decide not to go. 至于我,即使你決定不去參加晚會(huì)我也會(huì)去的。
Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can’t be sure he stole it. 就算你看見是他拾起的錢,你也不能肯定錢就是他偷的。
正因?yàn)閑ven if從句的內(nèi)容通常是假設(shè)性的,所以有時(shí)還可用于虛擬語氣;這樣用的even if 與單獨(dú)使用的if比較接近。如:
Even if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it. 他即使有錢也不會(huì)買它。
I would have married her even if she had been penniless. 即使她身無分文,我也會(huì)和她結(jié)婚。
2. even though 引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容往往是真實(shí)的,主要用于引出不利用于主句情況的信息,相當(dāng)于漢語的“盡管”“雖然”。如:
He went out even though it was raining. 盡管在下雨,他還是出去了。 Even though it’s hard work, I enjoy it. 雖然工作艱苦,我還是很喜歡。
He’s the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 他盡管經(jīng)驗(yàn)最少,但教得最好。
注意:
1. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether„or(不論„還是)等連詞。如:
The speech is good, though it could be better. 這次演講不錯(cuò),雖然還可以再好一點(diǎn)。 He went out even though it was raining. 盡管下雨,他還是出去了。
2. as 也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但要將名詞、形容詞或副詞等提到 as 前,若提前的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,要省略 a / an。如:
Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. 雖然是老師,他也不可能什么都懂。
3. 連詞 while 有時(shí)也可表示“盡管”、“雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:
While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 盡管我們意見不同,我們還是朋友。
4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如: Don’t lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么,都不要灰心。
Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是誰,你都不能從這里通過。 注:表示“雖然”的 though, although 不可與 but 連用,但可與 yet, still 連用。