日常英語(yǔ) 越野跑的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

What is cross country running? Cross country is an outdoor endurance sport that can be mentally challenging and fun. This type of running and racing has both a physical and psychological component. You're not only putting one foot in front of the other; you're also thinking ahead to obstacles and changes in the trail or course.

什么是越野跑？越野是一項(xiàng)戶(hù)外耐力運(yùn)動(dòng)，能給參與者帶來(lái)精神挑戰(zhàn)和樂(lè)趣。這種跑步與競(jìng)賽需要身心同時(shí)投入。參與者不僅僅是簡(jiǎn)單地邁步向前，還要預(yù)想前方路上或賽道上可能出現(xiàn)的障礙與變化。

For example, how will you clear that stone without tripping? Can you pass the person ahead of you safely without slipping in that mud puddle? How should you handle hills or turns—in a short burst of speed, or at your current steady pace?

例如：如何清走石頭而避免絆倒？能否安全超越前面的參與者而不跌入泥坑？應(yīng)該怎樣應(yīng)對(duì)山路和轉(zhuǎn)彎——是短時(shí)間突然加速，還是以現(xiàn)有速度穩(wěn)步前進(jìn)？

Typically, cross country races take place in all weather conditions, which means you also have to worry about environmental conditions that can affect your race performance: rain and wind, snow and ice, hail and heat waves. It's rare for a cross country race to be canceled due to inclement weather.

越野賽通常在任何天氣狀況下都會(huì)進(jìn)行，這意味著參與者還不得不考慮可能影響比賽成績(jī)的環(huán)境因素：風(fēng)雨、冰雪、冰雹和熱浪。鮮有越野賽因天氣惡劣而取消。

Many runners love cross country and its sister sport, trail running, precisely because running in this way is not the same as road running. The variations in the terrain and the mental challenges of pacing oneself over an ever-changing course make for a more stimulating run.

很多跑者之所以熱愛(ài)越野跑及其姊妹運(yùn)動(dòng)——野外跑，正是因?yàn)檫@種跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)與公路跑不同。野外的地勢(shì)變化，以及調(diào)整節(jié)奏以適應(yīng)不斷變化的跑道所帶來(lái)的精神挑戰(zhàn)，讓越野跑更加刺激。

However, the same aspects of the sport that make it diverting and enjoyable also make it rough on a runner's body, at any age. High school runners, college runners, and adult runners all need to be aware of the risks of injury that come with running cross country.

然而，讓越野跑有趣、快樂(lè)的這些因素，恰恰也會(huì)對(duì)所有年齡段的跑者身體構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)。無(wú)論是中學(xué)生、大學(xué)生還是成年跑者，都需要了解越野跑會(huì)帶來(lái)的傷病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

By running cross country over a mix of natural terrain and groomed or paved trails, you may find yourself pounding not only pavement, but also packed or loose dirt, sand, gravel, mud, leaves, pine needles, tree roots, rocks, grass, moss, and anything else you might find on the ground in a natural area (including, possibly, snakes).

越野跑途中會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)多種類(lèi)型的跑道，有自然地帶，也有清理或鋪好的路徑。參與者可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的腳步不僅落在人工鋪好的道路上，也可能踩到壓實(shí)的或松軟的土地、沙子、碎石、淤泥、落葉、松針、樹(shù)根、巖石、草和苔蘚，以及其他任何自然地面上可能出現(xiàn)的東西（甚至可能包括蛇）。

Though most cross country race courses are groomed and approved ahead of race day, surprises can come up. Weather, wild animals, and falling foliage from trees can't always be controlled. And on non-race days, if you train in areas that aren't approved courses (such as running on wooded paths or through parks), the level of trail maintenance isn't guaranteed. You may encounter unexpected, non-natural obstacles like trash or discarded bottles.

盡管大多數(shù)越野賽在開(kāi)賽前會(huì)清掃并核準(zhǔn)賽道，但仍可能出現(xiàn)意外。天氣、野生動(dòng)物和樹(shù)木落葉并不總是在控制之中。另外，在非比賽日，若在未經(jīng)核準(zhǔn)成為賽道的區(qū)域進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練（比如在林間小路上跑步或跑步穿越公園），跑道的維護(hù)水平并無(wú)保障。也許就會(huì)遇到意料之外的、非自然的障礙，比如垃圾或廢棄的瓶子。

All running subjects you to the possibility of impact injuries or repetitive motion injuries. But running over irregular or slippery surfaces can add to risk by changing your gait and creating opportunities for acute injuries. You may overstretch to clear an object in your path, or you may swerve suddenly and pull a tendon, twist an ankle or knee, or trip and fall. With falls, abrasions and head injuries aren't out of the question, too.

所有的跑步都可能造成撞擊傷或反復(fù)性動(dòng)作損傷，但在不規(guī)則或濕滑路面跑步會(huì)增加風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因改變步態(tài)可能造成急性損傷?？赡軙?huì)因?yàn)榍宄局姓系K物而過(guò)度拉伸，或因?yàn)榧鞭D(zhuǎn)彎而牽拉到跟腱、扭傷腳踝或膝蓋，也可能被絆倒——摔倒還可能造成擦傷和頭部損傷。

In addition to changing surfaces, a typical cross-country course may also involve twists and turns and short—but steep—uphills and downhills. These rapid course changes can subject your feet, hips and legs to forces and stresses that may not affect someone running on level roads or gradual inclines. Running downhill, for example, may lead to jammed and sprained toes.

除了路面變化，越野賽道通常還曲折蜿蜒，并且有短而陡的上下坡。賽道的這種迅速變化會(huì)使人的腳、髖、腿易受壓力沖擊，例如跑步下坡可能擠到甚至扭傷腳趾，而在平路或緩坡上跑步的人則不會(huì)受到這些影響。

Heat illness is also a concern. In Texas, with our strong sun (and on the coast, high humidity), there's the additional risk of dehydration, sunburn and heat stroke.

中暑同樣令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)。在得克薩斯州，陽(yáng)光強(qiáng)烈（同時(shí)海邊濕度高），越野跑還有脫水、曬傷和中暑的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Cross country running is a wonderful sport if you love the outdoors and nature, and it's mostly very safe in comparison to other team sports—but before you begin training and racing, you should be aware of potential injuries and how to avoid them.

如果熱愛(ài)戶(hù)外與自然，那么越野跑是極好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。與其他團(tuán)體運(yùn)動(dòng)相比，它通常都很安全——但是，在開(kāi)始訓(xùn)練并參賽前，參與者就應(yīng)該了解潛在的損傷及如何預(yù)防損傷。