美國(guó)之音2007標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下半年AFuture Unclear for Stem Cell Research in US

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Future Unclear for Stem Cell Research in US

By Melinda Smith
Washington
27 June 2007

It has been almost a decade since scientists at the University of Wisconsin were the first to isolate stem cells from human embryos and maintain their viability in the laboratory. The discovery raised hopes that these cells could eventually lead to treatment for a multitude of incurable ailments such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, cancer and spinal cord injuries.

For years Americans played a leading role in the development of stem cell science. Now other countries have stepped up their research and have begun attracting some scientists from the U.S. Two scientists from Stanford University in California cite the decline in recent years of stem cell research papers published in the U.S.

Sean Tipton of the Coalition for the Advancement of Medical Research in Washington, D.C. says U.S. laboratories are paying the price for White House opposition. "We want scientific decisions made by scientists, not by politicians."

California and New Jersey are among those states where biomedical research on stem cells still thrives. In 2004, a voter initiative led to the formation of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine. It operates the world's largest fund for embryonic stem cell research.

In 2005, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger committed state funds to stem cell research. "I am very much interested in stem cell research and support it 100 percent."

Dale Carlson, with the Institute, says, "California has 25 percent of the biomedical research capability in this country. We need the other 75 percent fully engaged and pursuing these therapies."

There is research underway on stem cells taken from adults, amniotic fluid produced in pregnant women, as well as tissue from mice. But Dr. Arnold Kriegstein of the University of California in San Francisco believes embryo stem cells are still the best source. "The truth is none of these alternatives really have the potential that embryonic stem cells do to create cells of different types. [Such as] heart cells, muscle cells, nerve cells and so forth."

Those opposed to using human embryos in stem cell research have had strong support from President Bush during both of his terms in office. Yet polls show a majority of Americans favor an increase in funding on the issue. Some scientists still working in the field say they are hoping American research will pick up again after the presidential election in 2008.