美國之音2007標準下半年BMicro-Loan Programs Help Poor Angolans Raise S

所屬教程:美國之音2007標準下半年B

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Micro-Loan Programs Help Poor Angolans Raise Standard of Living

By Scott Bobb
Luanda
24 July 2007

The house of Joao Honorio lies on a dirt road deep into the slums of Nocal, named after a nearby brewery in the industrial zone of northern Luanda.

Inside his house Honorio and his workers cut and shape metal sheets and bars into pieces.

On the road in front of the house they weld the pieces together to make doors, charcoal cookers and brick molds which are sold on the local market.

Honorio started three years ago with a loan of $60 obtained through Development Workshop, a civic group that has been in Angola for more than two decades helping to alleviate poverty through grassroots projects.

The program brings people, often neighbors, together in groups of 10 to 30. It teaches them to operate a business and to save part of their earnings. They repay the loans over three months. After that they can borrow a larger sum and expand the business.

The program works with people who are economically active. They know how to make money but their only access to capital is through loan sharks who charge up to 300 percent. Many program participants are street vendors. Nearly two-thirds are women who often are the main family breadwinner.

Honorio repaid his first loan and took out a new credit of $1,000. With that he expanded his business and now has three employees.

He says the loan helped him a lot. Before he could not afford half the materials. But with the loan he was able to buy a cart and machines.

Up the road, Francisco Alfredo and his partners make pots and pans, plates and cups by turning flat aluminum plates on lathes. lfredo started with a $150 loan and is now working with a $3,000 credit. His group produces several hundred pieces a day.

Alfredo says the business has improved his standard of living.

He says the credit helped him a lot, especially in his life and the life of his children. He has three children in school and thanks to the program he is able to pay their school fees.

Venancia Chicumbo monitors lenders for the Workshop. She helps them deal with the banking system and other complexities of the formal economy.

Chicumbo says micro-credits provide a service to poor people who don't have access to commercial banks. Potential clients are identified through a selection process. They undergo four weeks of training and then are evaluated to see if they understand the process. After that, she says, they may borrow the money.

The program has benefited 13,000 micro-borrowers like Alfredo and Honorio. More than 90 percent of them repay their loans because of the group structure. If one member defaults, the whole group suffers.

A local bank is now providing the capital. The Angolan government wants to launch a similar program nationwide.

The program manager of Development Workshop, Fabrice Beutler, says Angolan society is still devastated from the war.

"Angola has been through 27 years of civil war, that infrastructure, the social system has been destroyed. Even the basic solidarity system has been destroyed. We with DW, we are recreating the solidarity system," he said.

Development Workshop works with community leaders in poor neighborhoods to bring running water and latrines to their communities. It also teaches people how to obtain legal title to the land they occupy.

Beutler says the Workshop likes to organize people at the community level and teach them how to solve their own problems.

"We are trying to empower them, capacitate them, train them on how to present a project, for example, how to present a budget, how to identify a need. All this needs of course training with the local leaders," he explained.

The Workshop has other programs, for example, promoting peace and good citizenship among young members of the political parties. And it trains local government officials on how to deliver services and then brings them together with community leaders to identify and solve their most pressing problems.

Back at Antonio's shop in Nocal, some vendors have come to buy his pans which they will sell on the streets or in local markets.

Some of these vendors also started their business using micro-loans. As a result Francisco's $150 loan has helped generate a living for dozens of people in this corner of Angola.