電腦英語(yǔ)How does a computer work? 計(jì)算機(jī)是如何工作的？
[00:00.00]聽力課堂網(wǎng)(tingclass.net)Chapter 4 How does a computer work?
[00:02.81]第四章 計(jì)算機(jī)是如何工作的？
[00:05.62]Dialogue
[00:07.76]A: Mark ,your computer has just turned off all by itself!
[00:11.18]馬克，你的電腦剛剛自己關(guān)掉了！
[00:14.60]B:Actually ,it just went into energy saver mode.
[00:17.10]其實(shí)，它只是進(jìn)入省電狀態(tài)罷了。
[00:19.59]A:Energy saver mode, what's that?
[00:22.37]省電狀態(tài)？那是什么？
[00:25.16]B:If the processor hasn't received any input for a certain period of time ,it turns off the monitor.
[00:30.05]如果處理器有一段時(shí)間沒(méi)有接到任何輸入的話，就會(huì)把顯示器關(guān)掉。
[00:34.95]All you have to do to turn it on again is move the mouse or hit a key on the deyboard.
[00:38.65]想要再打開，只要?jiǎng)右幌率髽?biāo)或碰一下鍵盤上任何一個(gè)鍵就可以了。
[00:42.34]Dialogue 2
[00:43.70]句型2
[00:45.06]A: So, you've decided to get a laptop computer?
[00:47.41]那么，你決定買筆記本電腦了？
[00:49.76]B: That's right, It's more expensive and harder to fix,but I'm on the road so much.
[00:54.35]是的。雖然比較貴而且也不太容易維修，不過(guò)我經(jīng)常跑來(lái)跑去。
[00:58.93]I have to have something I can take with me.
[01:00.89]我必須要買可以隨身攜帶的。
[01:02.85]Dialogue 3
[01:04.00]句型3
[01:05.15]A: Did you get your new laptop yet?
[01:06.96]你買新筆記本電腦了沒(méi)有？
[01:08.78]B: No, I've done some shopping ,but it's hard to decide .
[01:11.24]沒(méi)有。我逛了一下，可是很難決定。
[01:13.69]A:Why's that?
[01:14.91]為什么？
[01:16.12]B: Well, I've found one that I like quite a bit, It has 15-inch screen with good resolution.
[01:21.10]嗯，我看到了一臺(tái)很喜歡的。15英寸的屏幕，解析度不錯(cuò)。
[01:26.07]but it doesn't have a built-in-CD-ROM.
[01:27.82]但沒(méi)有內(nèi)置的光盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器。
[01:29.57]The other has both a floppy drive and CD-ROM built-in.
[01:32.42]另外一臺(tái)，含有內(nèi)置的軟件盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器以及光盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器。
[01:35.27]but the screen is small and it's just too heavy.
[01:37.12]不過(guò)屏幕太小了，而且也太重。
[01:38.98]A: I guess you can't have the best of both worlds.
[01:41.58]我想魚與熊掌難以兼得。
[01:44.18]B: I guess not.
[01:45.18]我想也是。
[01:46.19]Dialogue 4
[01:47.48]句型4
[01:48.77]A: I like storing my pictures on disc because it gives me lots of options.
[01:52.22]我喜歡把照片儲(chǔ)存在CD中，有很多的方便。
[01:55.67]B: What sort of options does it give you?
[01:57.42]什么樣的方便呢？
[01:59.17]A: Well, first of all, it provides a safe, compact place to store them.
[02:02.45]嗯，首先，它提供一個(gè)安全而集中的儲(chǔ)存空間。
[02:05.73]Second,I can do lots of fun things with them with the image-editing software I have.
[02:09.67]第二，我可以利用現(xiàn)有的攝像編輯軟件做出很多有趣的事來(lái)。
[02:13.62]B: Is there anything else?
[02:14.77]還有呢？
[02:15.92]A: Well, if I want to, I can print them out later.
[02:18.51]哦，如果需要，事后也可以把它們印出來(lái)，
[02:21.11]or I can also use the computer to present them as a slide show for my friends.
[02:24.74]或者也可以直接在電腦屏幕上放出來(lái)給朋友看，就像放幻燈片一樣。
[02:28.38]passage How does a computer work?
[02:30.73]計(jì)算機(jī)是如何工作的？
[02:33.08]professional terms
[02:34.27]專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
[02:35.45]diskette n.
[02:37.00]磁盤
[02:38.54]memory n.
[02:40.00]存儲(chǔ)器，記憶
[02:41.46]processor n.
[02:43.11]處理機(jī)，處理程序
[02:44.75]keyboard n.
[02:46.65]鍵盤
[02:48.54]manipulate v.
[02:50.58]操作，操縱，處理
[02:52.62]A computer is controlled by a stored program
[02:55.40]計(jì)算機(jī)是受存儲(chǔ)程序控制的。
[02:58.18]thus ,the first step in using the machine is copying the program from diskette into memory.
[03:02.48]因此使用計(jì)算機(jī)的第一步是把程序從軟盤上拷貝到內(nèi)存中，
[03:06.78]Now ,the processor can begin executing instructions.
[03:09.17]處理器就能開始執(zhí)行指令了。
[03:11.56]Input data from the keyboard are stored memory.
[03:14.36]從鍵盤輸入的數(shù)據(jù)也被存在了主存中。
[03:17.17]The processor manipulates the data.
[03:18.82]處理器加工數(shù)據(jù)。
[03:20.46]Storing the results back into memory.
[03:22.00]把結(jié)果送回主存。
[03:23.55]Finally ,the results are output.
[03:25.48]最后輸出結(jié)果。
[03:27.41]notes
[03:28.07]注意事項(xiàng)
[03:28.72]A computer is controlled by a stored program: thus the first step in using the machine is copying the the program from diskette into memory.
[03:34.83]計(jì)算機(jī)是存儲(chǔ)程序控制的，因此使用計(jì)算機(jī)的第一步是把程序從軟盤上拷貝到內(nèi)存中。
[03:40.94]Professional Terms
[03:42.16]專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
[03:43.37]content n.
[03:44.98]內(nèi)容，目錄
[03:46.59]invoice n.
[03:48.77]發(fā)票，發(fā)貨票
[03:50.95]collection n.
[03:52.84]收集物，收藏品
[03:54.74]chart n.
[03:56.45]圖（表）
[03:58.16]joystick n.
[04:00.47]操縱桿
[04:02.78]imaginary a.
[04:04.72]想象中的；假想的
[04:06.65]Memory's contents are easy to change.
[04:08.79]主存中的內(nèi)容很容易改變。
[04:10.93]Thus, when one set of data has been processed, the program can be repeated.
[04:14.28]因此，當(dāng)一組數(shù)據(jù)被處理完后，程序還可以重復(fù)使用，
[04:17.62]reading and processing new data, and generating new output.
[04:20.30]再讀入和處理新的數(shù)據(jù)，并得到新的結(jié)果。
[04:22.97]If the data can be changed , why not the program?
[04:25.76]如果數(shù)據(jù)能改變，程序?yàn)槭裁床荒鼙桓淖儯?br />
[04:28.54]When a program is finished, a new one can take its place in memory, allowing the computer to process completely different data.
[04:36.52]當(dāng)一個(gè)程序運(yùn)行完后，另一個(gè)新程序就占據(jù)了它在主存中的位置，讓計(jì)算機(jī)去處理完全不同的數(shù)據(jù)。
[04:44.50]One minute it can generate paychecks from labor data under control of a payroll program.
[04:48.27]某一時(shí)刻計(jì)算機(jī)能在工資管理程序的控制下，根據(jù)員工的數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生工資單。
[04:52.05]The next minute, it can prepare bills from invoices under control of a billing program.
[04:55.78]接著計(jì)算機(jī)又能在帳目管理程序的控制下，從各種數(shù)據(jù)中產(chǎn)生所需帳單。
[04:59.52]Later, this same colletion of components ,controlled by yet another program, can read statistical data and produce a bar chart.
[05:05.88]以后，仍是這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)，還可以其它程序的控制下，讀入統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，產(chǎn)生一個(gè)柱狀圖表，
[05:12.24]or sense the movements of a joystick and manipulate the position of an imaginary spaceship on a display screen.
[05:18.81]或者指示操縱桿的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向，操控一個(gè)假想的宇宙飛船在屏幕上的位置。
[05:25.38]Professional Terms
[05:26.39]專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
[05:27.39]input device
[05:29.68]輸入設(shè)備
[05:31.96]output device
[05:34.67]輸出設(shè)備
[05:37.37]pulse n.
[05:38.98]脈沖
[05:40.58]The physical components of a computer-the processor, memory ,input devices ,and output devices-are its hardware.
[05:46.87]計(jì)算機(jī)的物理部件處理器、存儲(chǔ)器、輸入設(shè)備和輸出設(shè)備是它的硬件。
[05:53.15]You can see them ,touch them and feel them.
[05:55.96]人們看到綜們，摸到它們，感覺到它們的存在。
[05:58.77]Programs and data are different ,existing only as electronic pulses stored in memory.
[06:03.42]程序和數(shù)據(jù)則不同，它們僅作為電脈沖存在于存儲(chǔ)器中。
[06:08.07]Software is a general term for program.
[06:10.25]軟件是程序的常用術(shù)語(yǔ)。
[06:12.43]Professional Terms
[06:13.64]專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
[06:14.86]interface n.
[06:16.57]接口，連接
[06:18.28]lay-out
[06:20.28]布置，布局圖片
[06:22.28]assign v.
[06:24.24]賦值，指定
[06:26.19]spreadsheet n.
[06:28.34]圖表
[06:30.48]behind the scene
[06:33.22]幕后
[06:35.96]The Hardware/Software Interface
[06:37.90]軟件與硬件的接口
[06:39.83]When you think of software, you probably think of application programs.
[06:42.78]當(dāng)你想到軟件，也許想到的是應(yīng)用程序。
[06:45.73]They support end-user functions, allowing people to perform such tasks as playing a game ,writing a paper ,laying out a spreadsheet, or generating paychecks.
[06:53.51]應(yīng)用程序支持終端用戶的功能，使用戶完成如下一些任務(wù)：玩游戲、寫文章、編排一個(gè)圖表或產(chǎn)生一個(gè)帳單等。
[07:01.28]Another type of software ,called system software, performs its assigned tasks behind the scenes.
[07:05.72]另一類軟件稱為系統(tǒng)軟件，在前臺(tái)完成賦予它的任務(wù)。
[07:10.16]An excellent example is the operating system found on most computers.
[07:13.58]大多數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)上的操作系統(tǒng)就是典型的一例。
[07:17.00]An operating system serves as an interface ,bridging the gap between hardware and application software.
[07:24.49]操作系統(tǒng)作為一個(gè)接口，在硬件和應(yīng)用軟件之間搭起一座橋梁。
[07:31.97]Professional Terms
[07:33.16]專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
[07:34.35]operating system
[07:36.59]操作系統(tǒng)
[07:38.84]exactly adv.
[07:41.02]確切的，精確的
[07:43.20]involve v.
[07:45.24]包含，涉及
[07:47.28]logic n.
[07:48.96]邏輯
[07:50.65]load v.
[07:52.36]裝入，加載
[07:54.07]What exactly does an operating system do? Basically ,it performs a number of supporting functions.
[08:00.78]操作系統(tǒng)究竟是干什么的呢？從根本上講，它施行一些支持功能。
[08:07.50]For example, suppose an application program is stored on a disk
[08:10.95]例如，假設(shè)應(yīng)用程序存儲(chǔ)在磁盤上。
[08:14.39]before the program can be executed, it must be copied into the main memory first.
[08:18.73]它在被執(zhí)行前，必須制到主存儲(chǔ)器中，
[08:23.07]because the program that controls a computer must be in the main memory.
[08:27.19]因?yàn)榭刂朴?jì)算機(jī)的程序必須要在主存儲(chǔ)器中。
[08:31.32]The process of copying a program from disk to memory involves considerable logic.
[08:35.97]把程序從磁盤復(fù)制到主存的過(guò)程涉及重要的邏輯。
[08:40.62]The source of a computer's logic is software.
[08:43.65]計(jì)算機(jī)的邏輯源來(lái)自軟件。
[08:46.68]Thus ,if the application program is to be loaded, there must be a program in the memory to control the loading process.
[08:54.03]因此，如果要裝入應(yīng)用程序，必須在主存中有一個(gè)控制加載過(guò)程的程序。
[09:01.39]That program is the operation system.
[09:04.52]這個(gè)程序就屬于操作系統(tǒng)。
[09:07.66]Chapter 5 Windows
[09:09.59]第五章 視窗操作系統(tǒng)
[09:11.52]Dialogue 1
[09:13.03]句型1
[09:14.53]A:Your desktop looks different from how it used to look.
[09:16.77]你的電腦桌面看起來(lái)跟以前的不一樣。
[09:19.02]B:Yeah, I just installed windows98.
[09:20.95]是的。我剛安裝了視窗98。
[09:22.89]It has a few new features that make it look different .
[09:25.38]有幾項(xiàng)新特點(diǎn)，所以看起來(lái)不一樣。
[09:27.88]Dialogue 2
[09:29.13]句型2
[09:30.38]A:I didn't know Windows 2000 was already on the market.
[09:33.02]我不知道視窗2000已經(jīng)上市了。
[09:35.66]B:Well, this is a beta version, but it works pertty well.
[09:38.44]嗯，這是試用版，不過(guò)蠻好用的。
[09:41.22]A: I think I'll wait for the real thing to come out.
[09:43.41]我想等正版出來(lái)再說(shuō)。
[09:45.59]Dialogue 3
[09:46.80]句型3
[09:48.02]A: I think my computer is slowing me down at work.
[09:50.37]我想，有了電腦反而拖延了我的工作。
[09:52.72]B:Why is that?
[09:53.52]怎么回事？
[09:54.31]A: I spent all morning setting its wallpaper, screen saver sound files and icons just the way I like them.
[10:00.74]整個(gè)早上我都設(shè)定背景畫面、屏幕保護(hù)程序、聲音和圖標(biāo)，把它們弄成我喜歡的樣子。
[10:07.16]When I got done ,there wasn't time to do anything else!
[10:10.22]等到搞定了，也沒(méi)有什么時(shí)間做別的了。
[10:13.28]Dilogue 4
[10:14.47]句型4
[10:15.65]A:Do you have something against Microsoft?
[10:17.76]你對(duì)微軟是不是有什么反感？
[10:19.86]B: I don't necessarily have anything against them.
[10:21.71]沒(méi)有必要反感他們啊。
[10:23.57]A:But you don't have anything for them either?
[10:25.85]但是也沒(méi)有什么好感吧？
[10:28.14]B: No, actually Microsoft has done some very good things for the computer industry.
[10:31.80]是沒(méi)有。其實(shí)微軟對(duì)電腦業(yè)有不少貢獻(xiàn)。
[10:35.45]I would just like to see them have some competition.
[10:37.88]我只是想看有人與他們競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
[10:40.31]Windows works all right,but it could still use a lot of improvement, and that probably won't happen without some competition.
[10:46.43]視窗還算好用，不過(guò)還是有不少改進(jìn)的余地，沒(méi)有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)就不可能有進(jìn)步。
[10:52.54]Passage WINDOWS
[10:54.25]視窗操作系統(tǒng)
[10:55.96]Professional Terms
[10:57.03]專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
[10:58.10]application n.
[10:59.71]應(yīng)用，應(yīng)用程序
[11:01.32]exploit vt.
[11:03.35]利用
[11:05.39]integrate vt.
[11:07.25]使結(jié)合
[11:09.10]tremendous a.
[11:11.20]驚人的，巨大的
[11:13.31]Windows is an extension of DOS.
[11:15.24]Windows是DOS的一種擴(kuò)展。
[11:17.17]By utilizing Windows, you expand all the features of DOS.
[11:20.45]利用Windows，就可以擴(kuò)大DOS的全部功能特性。
[11:23.73]In addition, Windows allows you to execute multiple programs simultaneously.
[11:27.82]此外，Windows可以允許用戶同時(shí)運(yùn)行多個(gè)程序，
[11:31.91]quickly changing from one application to another.
[11:34.11]可以很快地從一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序。
[11:36.32]and to integrate multiple packages, exploitiong the best features of each.
[11:40.09]而且Windows還允許用戶把多個(gè)軟件包結(jié)合起來(lái)，以便利用每個(gè)軟件包的最佳特性。
[11:43.87]If you have used Microsoft Windows, you probably are already sold on its tremendous flexibility.
[11:49.24]如果你已經(jīng)使用過(guò)Microsoft windows，可能你已經(jīng)認(rèn)同了它強(qiáng)大的靈活性。
[11:54.61]If you have not used Windows, you will find that it is more than worth its cost, for several reasons.
[11:59.83]如果你還沒(méi)有用過(guò)，你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，有好幾個(gè)理由可以說(shuō)明它的作用要比它的表面價(jià)值要高。
[12:05.05]Most important , Microsoft Windows lays the foundation for future PC operatiing systems.
[12:09.93]最重要的理由是，Microsoft Windows為未來(lái)PC機(jī)的操作系統(tǒng)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[12:14.80]Windows,like DOS,is written in the C language.
[12:17.61]Windows像DOS那樣，也是用C語(yǔ)言編寫的。
[12:20.41]Many programmers will benefit from having the ability to interface applications to Windows,
[12:24.19]很多程序員將因具有能力使應(yīng)用程序與Windows之間有接口而受益。
[12:27.96]In the future, you will see many more programs integrated into Windows.
[12:31.06]在未來(lái)，將可以看到更多的程序結(jié)合到Windows之中。
[12:34.16]Professional Terms
[12:35.30]專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
[12:36.45]burden n.
[12:38.16]負(fù)擔(dān)
[12:39.88]icon n.
[12:41.52]圖標(biāo)，畫像
[12:43.17]novice n.
[12:45.06]新手，初學(xué)者
[12:46.96]Before proceeding into the examination of windows,
[12:49.38]在著手對(duì)Windows考察之前，
[12:51.81]it is important to establish a foundation for the thought processes used to develop Windows and the goals Windows attempts to meet.
[12:57.78]重要的是要建立一個(gè)思考步驟的基礎(chǔ)，以便來(lái)闡述Windows及其滿足的目標(biāo)。
[13:03.75]First, many PC users are not familiar with the DOS commands, nor do they desire to be.
[13:08.15]第一，很多PC機(jī)用戶既不熟悉DOS命令，也不想去熟悉。
[13:12.56]The first goal of Windows is to relieve users off the burden of having to memorize and understand DOS command and their various operations.
[13:19.09]所以，Windows的第一個(gè)目標(biāo)就是，減輕用戶必須要記住并理解DOS各種命令及選項(xiàng)的負(fù)擔(dān)。
[13:25.62]As you will see, Windows has replaced the DOS prompt with pull-down menus and dialog boxes.
[13:29.77]正如你會(huì)看到的那樣，Windows已經(jīng)用下拉式菜單和對(duì)話框取代了DOS提示符。
[13:33.92]DOS commands are represented by Windows'icons,and Windows,supports a mouse interface.
[13:38.36]DOS命令由Windows圖標(biāo)所代表，而且Windows還支持一種鼠標(biāo)界面。
[13:42.80]Windows, makes the interface to the computer easy for novices to use and,therefore,non-threatening.,
[13:48.38]Windows使得計(jì)算機(jī)界面易于為計(jì)算機(jī)新手所使用，因而沒(méi)有壓力。
[13:53.96]This has ,in turn reduced the time it takes to train users on systems new to them.
[13:58.30]這反過(guò)來(lái)也就減輕了用戶使用新系統(tǒng)所需的培訓(xùn)時(shí)間。
[14:02.63]Professional Terms
[14:03.99]專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
[14:05.35]calculator n.
[14:07.24]計(jì)算器
[14:09.14]notepad n.
[14:10.85]記事本
[14:12.56]Second, Windows allows you to run multiple programs at one time.
[14:15.65]第二，Windows允許用戶同時(shí)使用多個(gè)程序。
[14:18.75]A computer with the ability to execute several programs simultaneously is called a time-sharing system.
[14:23.79]一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)如果具有同時(shí)執(zhí)行多個(gè)程序的能力，則被稱為分時(shí)系統(tǒng)。
[14:28.83]Later we will further examine how Windows performs time-sharing.
[14:31.64]稍后，我們還要進(jìn)一步探討Windows如何進(jìn)行分時(shí)操作，
[14:34.45]Third ,Windows is called a desktop system.
[14:36.76]第三，Windows被稱為桌面系統(tǒng)。
[14:39.07]Windows provides many of the abilities normally associated with items on your desk ,such as a notepad ,calculator and calendar.
[14:45.79]Windows具有很多處理一般與桌面有關(guān)項(xiàng)目的能力，如記事本、計(jì)算器和日歷。
[14:52.50]Professional Terms
[14:53.61]專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
[14:54.72]distinct a.
[14:56.51]個(gè)別的，性質(zhì)不同的
[14:58.30]individual n.
[15:00.40]個(gè)人
[15:02.50]region n.
[15:04.22]區(qū)（域）
[15:05.93]As previously stated, Windows allows you to run multiple programs simultaneously with each Window appearing as an individual screen.
[15:12.25]正如前面所說(shuō)，Windows允許同時(shí)運(yùn)行多個(gè)程序，而且每個(gè)就象一個(gè)單獨(dú)的屏幕一樣。
[15:18.57]For example ,if you are running three programs simultaneously ,in a general way.
[15:21.91]舉例說(shuō)，如果你同時(shí)運(yùn)行三個(gè)程序，在一般情況下，
[15:25.26]you have to run on three individual screens.
[15:27.29]你必須在三臺(tái)獨(dú)立的計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行。
[15:29.33]With Windows, each of the applicatios runs on the same computer ,dividing the screen into three distinct regions.
[15:34.84]如果采用Windows，每個(gè)應(yīng)用程序通過(guò)把屏幕劃分成三個(gè)不同的區(qū)域，就可以同一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行。
[15:40.36]Windows works by time-sharing the central processing unit(CPU).
[15:43.49]Windows是通過(guò)中央處理器的分時(shí)運(yùn)行而工作的。
[15:46.63]Each time a program runs,the CPU finds the instructions for the program in memory and execute them.
[15:51.81]每當(dāng)一個(gè)程序運(yùn)行時(shí)，CPU在存儲(chǔ)器中一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)了針對(duì)某程序的指令，就會(huì)執(zhí)行這些指令。
[15:57.00]Professional Terms
[15:58.32]專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)
[15:59.63]character n.
[16:01.20]字符
[16:02.77]Because of the tremendous speed of today's computers.
[16:04.98]由于當(dāng)今的計(jì)算機(jī)具有驚人的運(yùn)算速度，
[16:07.18]the CPU spends the majority of its idle time, waiting to perform additional processing.
[16:11.45]CPU會(huì)耗費(fèi)大部分空閑時(shí)間，為的是等待執(zhí)行另外的處理。
[16:15.73]For example,if you are using a word processing program,
[16:18.57]例如，如果你正在使用一個(gè)文字處理程序，
[16:21.42]the CPU spends the majority of its time waiting for you type in characters at the keyboard.
[16:25.22]CPU會(huì)耗費(fèi)大部分時(shí)間等待你在鍵盤上鍵入字符。
[16:29.02]During a 1-second period,the CPU may be processing only 25% of the time.
[16:33.79]在一秒鐘的時(shí)間中，CPU進(jìn)行處理的時(shí)間，可能只占25％的時(shí)間。
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