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Listen To This3lesson 10

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News in Brief
News Item 1:
1. General Comprehension. Prepare a summary for News Item 1, according to what you have heard on the tape.
Summary: President Reagan said .

2. Spot Dictation. Listen to the tape again and fill in the following blanks.
(1) President Reagan was concerned about in the bill that would and for his .
(2) The president also that the on nuclear testing is "a ."

News Item 2:
1. General Comprehension. Prepare a summary for News Item 2, according to what you have heard on the tape.
Summary:

2. Fill in the blanks with numbers.
(1) At least targets were set on fire during the bombing.
(2) people were wounded.

News Item 3:
Fill in the blanks to complete the following statements.
1. Pic Botha described the international sanctions against South Africa as " ".
2. Pic Botha believed that the international sanctions against South Africa would .
3. Botha said that the South African government would " ".
4. Botha made his statement at in today.

News Item 4:
Fill in the blanks to complete the following statements.
1. Larry Speakes is the .
2. Today he said that will on a sanction bill which was passed by , but he admitted that it will be .

News Item 5:
Spot Dictation. Listen to the tape again and fill in the following blanks.
    On today, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was points, at . Trading was , shares.

News in Detail
1. General Comprehension. Choose the best answer (a, b, c, or d) to complete each of the following statements.
(1) A number of fires started _______________.
a. in the area near Lebanese radio station
b. in the suspected Palestinian guerrilla bases
c. near Beirut International Airport
d. along Israeli's border with Lebanon
(2) The targets bombed by Israeli warplanes were bases belonging to ____________.
a. two pro-Syrian Palestinian guerrilla organizations
b. Shi'ite Muslim Hizbullah Militia
c. South Lebanese Army Militia
d. The UN force in Southern Lebanon
(3) This week's tensions along Israeli's border with Lebanon were between ____________.
a. the South Lebanese Army Militia and Israeli Army
b. the Shi'ite Muslim Hizbullah Militia and Israeli military forces
c. Hizbullah and Palestinian guerrilla
d. the Shi'ite Muslim Hizbullah Militia and the South Lebanese Army Militia
(4) During the past two weeks, large Hizbullah forces raided ______________.
a. Lebanese radio stations
b. dozens of South Lebanese Army positions
c. Beirut International Airport
d. Party of God Militia stations
(5) In the raids ________________.
a. at least fifteen members of Hizbullah and some fifty South Lebanese Army men were killed
b. at least fifty members of Hizbullah and some fifteen Palestinian guerrilla men were killed
c. at least fifteen South Lebanese Army men and some fifty members of Hizbullah were killed
d. at least fifteen South Lebanese Army men and some fifty Israeli soldiers were killed

2. True or False Questions.
(1) The attacks badly damaged the morale of the Hizbullah forces.
(2) Israel stationed a large force along its border with Lebanon.
(3) The Israeli forces along the border included troops, armor, artillery and navy.

3. Focusing on Details. Fill in the detailed information according to what senior Israeli defense sources say on the tape.
(1) Hizbullah was trying to all of .
(2) Over the , Unifil troops were killed by , and just a French UN base in .
(3) There were , but some of its soldiers their seats.

4. Fill in the blanks to complete the following statements.
(1) Israeli defense sources regarded Hizballah's domination of Southern Lebanon . They had this consideration because they found the words " " on worn by some dead Hizbullah men.
(2) Since the Israeli troops were deployed along the border ago, there have been on the .
(3) The Israeli troops had by the time night fell in the Middle East.

Special Report
1. General Comprehension. Choose the best answer (a, b, c, or d) to complete each of the following statements.
(1) The contract proposal was put forward by _____________.
a. winery workers
b. winery owners
c. workers' union
d. the Winery Owners' Association
(2) The contract proposal demands ______________.
a. increase in production
b. raises in wages
c. cuts in production
d. cuts in wages and benefits
(3) Californian wine workers started their strike ____________.
a. six weeks ago
b. three weeks ago
c. last week
d. early this week
(4) Despite the strike, winery owners have succeeded in continuing their production, relying on __________.
a. automated plants and union workers
b. automated plants and non-union laborers
c. automated plants and members of the Winery Owners' Association
d. automated plants and well computerized production lines
(5) According to Peter Mondaby, the strike has little effect on the wine production because ____________.
a. many plants have been completely automated
b. the time when winery owners need all the help has been over
c. the union contract expired at the end of July
d. it is easy to train new workers
(6) As a matter of fact, winery owners seem to have been bothered more by ____________.
a. the picket line of union workers
b. the training of new workers
c. the heavy rainfall in the area
d. cheap wine imports from Europe
(7) The California wine industry suffered a great deal during the last few years because of _____________.
a. continuous workers' strikes
b. high wages for workers and lower prices for jug wines
c. heavy rainfalls and other bad weather conditions
d. cheap wine imports from Europe
(8) Hannah Stockton believed that, three or four years back, _______________.
a. there was a depression in winery industry
b. there was an increase in sale
c. winery industry was on the uptrend
d. there was a great demand for wine coolers
(9) Spaulding Vineyards is ___________ Charles Krug and Gallo.
a. twice the size of
b. much smaller than
c. of no smaller size compared to
d. much bigger than

2. Spot Dictation. Listen to the tape again and fill in the following blanks.
    Wages for workers in the winery industry from around $ to $ per hour. was willing to give up in wages, but refused to accept and . The employers reportedly want in the wages and benefits package. Winery owners say has to recognize that have increased.

3. Identification. Match each item in Column I with one item in Column II by recognizing the person's identity.
Column I                 Column II
(1) Peter Mondaby       a. general manager of a winery in Calistoga
(2) Pat Scoley           b. union official
(3) David Spaulding     c. striking worker
(4) Jerry Davis         d. union worker
(5) Hannah Stockton     e. Owner of Charles Krug Winery

Answer: (1) — ; (2) —; (3) — ; (4) — ; (5) — .

Dow Jones Industrial Average

    It is an index of securities' prices based on the daily trading of representative transportation, utility, and common stock. It is named after Charles H. Down (1851—1902) and Edward D. Jones (1856—1920), and released by the Dow Jones Company which was founded in 1882. Dow Jones Industrial Average is the oldest and most popular average among the four stock averages computed and published daily. The other three averages are an average of twenty transportation stocks, an average of fifty utility stocks, and a composite average of these sixty-five stocks. All stocks in the Dow Jones averages are listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

1. Jerusalem

    Ancient city of Palestine, divided in 1948 between the new republicans of Israel and Jordan. In 1950 the Israelis proclaimed the New City, the western part which they then held, capital of Israel, and following their capture of the Old City from the Jordanians in 1967, affirmed in 1980 that the united city was the capital of Israel. The United Nations does not recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. Its area was 37.5 square kilometers before 1967 and has been 108 square kilometers since 1967. It has a population of 415 thousand.

2. Shi'ite Muslim

    Also called the Shiah, it is one of the two branches into which the Muslim world is divided, the other being the Sunni. Sunni outnumber Shi'ites by nine to one. The distinctive Shi'ite tenet is belief that Ail was the first true successor or caliph of Mohammed, whereas the Sunni branch holds that Ali's three predecessors were legitimate caliphs. The Shi'ites also reject the Sunna, or verbal utterances of the prophet. The Shi'ite stronghold is Iran, where Ayatollah Khomeini has called on Shi'ite in other Arab countries to overthrow their Sunni rulers.

3. Hizbollah
    Hizbollah, the "Party of God", is an Islamic fundamentalist movement in Lebanon with strong ties to Iran. It was believed to be chiefly responsible for the hijacking of a TWA (Trans World Airlines) jet.

4. South Lebanon Army (SLA)
    SLA is an Israeli-backed two-thousand-man Christian militia. It used to patrol the Israel-Lebanon border and was distrusted by the Shi' ah Muslims. In 1986 it was replaced by the UN Interim Force in Lebanon in patrol of the border.

Pension
 

    A pension is a periodic income or annuity payment made at or after retirement to an employee who has become eligible for benefits through age, earnings and service. Benefits also may be paid in the event of death, total disability, or job termination. Payments are usually in monthly installments.

President Reagan said today he will veto a defense spending bill if it is approved, as expected, by the House. Speaking to a private group in Washington today, the President said he was concerned about provisions in the bill that would ban nuclear testing and cut funding for his Star Wars defense system. The President also charged that the Soviet-backed ban on nuclear testing is "a backdoor to a nuclear freeze." And he accused the Soviets of a major propaganda campaign on the testing issue.


Israeli warplanes bombed suspected Palestinian guerrilla bases in Southeast Beirut today. Police said the bomb set at least four targets on fire. There are reports that two people were wounded in the attacks.


At a news conference in Pretoria today, South African Foreign Minister Pic Botha called international sanctions against his country "a mad perverse action" that will put many blacks out of work. But Botha said the South African government "accepts the challenge to overcome the effect of sanctions."


White House spokesman Larry Speakes said today President Reagan will veto on Friday a sanctions bill passed by Congress, but he admitted it will be tough to sustain the veto.


On Wall Street today, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was up four and a half points, closing at 1797.81. Trading was moderate, one hundred thirty-two million shares.


Israeli warplanes today bombed four suspected Palestinian guerrilla bases in Lebanon. Reports from Beirut say at least two people were wounded and a number of fires started in the four villages. From Jerusalem, Jerry Cheslow filed this report which was subject to censorship by Israeli authorities.
According to the Israeli army spokesman, the targets were bases belonging to two pro-Syrian Palestinian guerrilla organizations. Israeli military sources say one of the targets was a staging base for raids against northern Israel. Lebanese radio stations reported that at least two people were wounded in the attack south of Beirut and that Beirut International Airport was closed for half an hour. Israeli military sources stress that the air raid had nothing to do with this week's tensions along Israel's border with Lebanon. They were between the Shi'ite Muslim Hizbullah (Party of God) Militia and the Israeli-backed South Lebanese Army Militia. Over the past two weeks, large Hizbullah forces stormed dozens of South Lebanese Army positions. Israeli military sources say that at least fifteen South Lebanese Army men and some fifty members of Hizbullah were killed. According to the sources the attacks also badly damaged the morale of the South Lebanese Army, and this led Israel to deploy a large force along its border with Lebanon. The force included troops, armor and artillery, and according to knowledgeable observers it was equipped for offensive action against Hizbullah. Senior Israeli defense sources say that Hizbullah was trying to take over all of southern Lebanon. Hizbullah has also been attacking Unifil, the UN force in Southern Lebanon. Over the past six weeks, four French Unifil troops were killed by Hizbullah, and just this morning a French UN base was rocketed in Southern Lebanon. There were no casualty, but some of its soldiers were blown off their seats. And the sources said that Hizbullah's domination of Southern Lebanon would be a direct threat to Israel. Some of its men who were killed were wearing kerchiefs with the words "Onward to Jerusalem" printed on them. But since the Israeli troops deployed along the border three days ago, there have been no Hizbullah attacks on the South Lebanese Army. By nightfall here in the Middle East, the Israeli troops had returned to their bases. For National Public Radio, I'm Jerry Cheslow in Jerusalem.


This week, Californian wine workers vote on a contract proposal from winery owners. The workers have now been on strike for six weeks. The contract proposal calls for cuts in wages and cuts in benefits. The prospects for rank and file approval seem slim. A central issue of the strike is the economic well-being of the California wine industry. William Drummond reports.
A gondola containing tons of freshly picked Chardenay grapes is dumped into a hopper as the process begins for bottling the 1986 vintage. The harvest has continued despite the fact that more than two thousand winery workers have struck twelve of the biggest wineries in Northern and Central California. Relying on automated plants and non-union labor, members of the Winery Owners' Association have succeeded in carrying on what looks like business is usual. But out on the picket line, union worker Pat Scoley is anything but pleased.
"I guess they're doing all right. If they aren't, they want us to think they are. I hope to hell they aren't, between you and me."
The union contract expired at the end of July, which is the beginning of the harvest, the time when wine makers usually need all the help they can get. But many plants are like the Charles Krug Winery, which has been completely automated. Owner Peter Mondaby says the strike has no effect on producing the product.
"We feel that we can go on indefinitely, because there's a lot of people who want to work. And it's only a question of training these people and, of course, with the system that we have, very well computerized, that they can fit in with a reasonable amount of training, that they can fit in. So, I mean, we're not concerned about it."
Actually, the heavy rainfall several days ago in the Napa Valley seemed to disturb the owners more than the strike. Mondaby produces around a million cases a year, super premium brands under the Charles Krug label, mid-range premium wines and jug wines. Mondaby says the industry took a beating during the last several years because of cheap wine imports from Europe. Even though Americans today are drinking more wine chiefly in the form of wine coolers, wine makers say there's not that much profit in the coolers, and they're still in a financial pinch.
"I feel that the industry has hit its low point and now in on the uptrend. Of course, it's not an uptrend that you will see overnight, but it is a healthy uptrend in a gradual growth manner now. But I wouldn't necessarily say a greater profitability because the profit is very, very marginal. The volume is there, it's true, but the profit is very, very marginal.
Mondaby's marginal profit argument does not win much support among striking workers, like Hannah Stockton, who works in the bottling plant at Christian Brothers.
"I don't believe it, 'because I read the paper every day, and I listen to the news. I mean, there has been increase in sale. I mean, ... I believe three or four years back, we had a slump in the industry. But wine is coming back. Now they are coming out with wine coolers; they are making money. We don't want a raise; we just want to keep what we've got."
Wages for workers in the winery industry range from around eight dollars to fifteen dollars an hour. The union was willing to give up a slight reduction in wages, but refused to accept cuts in the pension and health benefits. The employers reportedly want a twenty percent reduction in the wages and benefits package. Winery owners say the union has to recognize that overall costs have increased.
"Not only is your gross down; the competition has forced us to increase marketing and advertising, which is further eroding whatever margin was there."
David Spualding is general manager of a winery in Calistoga. Spaulding Vineyards is tiny compared to Charles Krug and Gallo, and Spaulding Vineyards is not on strike, but David Spaulding says he faces the same market forces as the big guys.
"I think the big problem is the same problem that faces agriculture all over this country; and that is surplus. You know we are producing more and producing it more efficiently, and we have a production that exceeds the demand in the market."
Spaulding says wine coolers have taken up some of the over-production, but not all of it. As for the union leaders, they don't think it's good idea to give back wages and benefits when the demand for the product is on the increase. Winery workers are voting all this week on the wages and benefits cuts proposed by management. Jerry Davis is an official of the union.
"From the people I talked to today and what the negotiating committee is stating, we ask a NO vote on this proposal."
The results are expected to be known by Thursday. For National Public Radio, I'm William Drummond reporting.
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