菲利普·霍夫曼，實力男演員因毒品早逝

Philip Seymour Hoffman, Actor of Depth, Dies at 46

菲利普·霍夫曼，實力男演員因毒品早逝

Philip Seymour Hoffman, perhaps the most ambitious and widely admired American actor of his generation, who gave three-dimensional nuance to a wide range of sidekicks, villains and leading men on screen and embraced some of the theater’s most burdensome roles on Broadway, died on Sunday at an apartment in Greenwich Village he was renting as an office. He was 46.

菲利普·塞默·霍夫曼或許是同代男演員中最有雄心，也最受廣泛愛戴的一位，他曾在電影中飾演了一系列配角、惡棍和主角，也曾在百老匯飾演過若干最復雜困難的角色，為這些人物賦予立體生動的演繹。本周日(2月2日，下同——譯注)他于格林威治村他租下作為辦公室的公寓中逝世，享年46歲。

The death, from an apparent drug overdose, was confirmed by the police. Mr. Hoffman was found in the apartment by a friend who had become concerned after being unable to reach him. Investigators found a syringe in his arm and, nearby, an envelope containing what appeared to be heroin.

警方證實了他的死因顯然是毒品過量。一位朋友因無法聯(lián)絡到霍夫曼而感到擔心，隨后在公寓中發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的尸體。調查者在他手臂上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一支注射器，身邊還有一只裝著海洛因的信封。

Mr. Hoffman was long known to struggle with addiction. In 2006, he said in an interview with “60 Minutes” that he had given up drugs and alcohol many years earlier, when he was 22. Last year he checked into a rehabilitation program for about 10 days after a reliance on prescription pills resulted in his briefly turning again to heroin.

霍夫曼同毒癮的搏斗由來已久。2006年，他在接受《60分鐘》(60 Minutes)節(jié)目訪談時說，自己早在22歲時便已戒毒戒酒。去年他參加了一個10天的戒毒計劃，此前他曾一度依賴處方藥品，導致再度短暫沉迷于海洛因。

“I saw him last week, and he was clean and sober, his old self,” said David Bar Katz, a playwright, and the friend who found Mr. Hoffman and called 911. “I really thought this chapter was over.”

“上星期我還見過他，他已經(jīng)戒了毒，神志清醒，恢復了老樣子，”編劇大衛(wèi)·巴爾·卡茲(David Bar Katz)說，他是霍夫曼的朋友，正是他發(fā)現(xiàn)了霍夫曼的尸體并報警，“我真的以為他人生中的這一章已經(jīng)結束了。”

A stocky, often sleepy-looking man with blond, generally uncombed hair who favored the rumpled clothes more associated with an out-of-work actor than a star, Mr. Hoffman did not cut the traditional figure of a leading man, though he was more than capable of leading roles.

霍夫曼身材矮小結實，一頭凌亂的金發(fā)，總是睡眼惺忪的樣子，他喜歡穿著皺巴巴的衣服，看上去更像個過氣的演員，而不是什么明星。他的樣子并不符合傳統(tǒng)的男主角形象，盡管他非常勝任主演這個角色。

In his final appearance on Broadway, in 2012, he put his Everyman mien to work in portraying perhaps the American theater’s most celebrated protagonist — Willy Loman, Arthur Miller’s title character in “Death of a Salesman.” At 44, he was widely seen as young for the part — the casting, by the director Mike Nichols, was meant to emphasize the flashback scenes depicting a younger, pre-disillusionment Willy — and though the production drew mixed reviews, Mr. Hoffman was nominated for a Tony Award.

2012年他最后一次在百老匯亮相時，便是采用這種“普通人”的儀態(tài)來演繹美國戲劇中最著名的主角——阿瑟·米勒(Arthur Miller)的《推銷員之死》(Death of a Salesman)中的推銷員威利·洛曼(Willy Loman)。人們普遍認為44歲的他飾演這個角色有些太過年輕，然而負責挑選演員的導演邁克·尼克爾斯(Mike Nichols)意圖通過閃回的情景，塑造尚未經(jīng)歷幻滅的年輕威利形象。盡管該劇上演后毀譽參半，霍夫曼還是獲得托尼獎提名。

“Mr. Hoffman does terminal uncertainty better than practically anyone,” Ben Brantley wrote in The New York Times, “and he’s terrific in showing the doubt that crumples Willy just when he’s trying to sell his own brand of all-American optimism.”

“霍夫曼比任何人都擅長表現(xiàn)終極的不確定感，”本·布朗特利(Ben Brantley)為《紐約時報》撰文寫道，“在展現(xiàn)威利試圖推銷自己的美國式樂觀主義，但終于被懷疑所摧毀時，霍夫曼的表現(xiàn)尤為精彩。”

In supporting roles, he was nominated three times for Academy Awards — as a priest under suspicion of sexual predation in “Doubt” (2008); as a C.I.A. agent especially eloquent in high dudgeon in “Charlie Wilson’s War” (2007); and as a charismatic cult leader in “The Master” (2012).

霍夫曼曾三次獲得奧斯卡最佳男配角提名——2008年《虐童疑云》(Doubt)中被懷疑有性虐待行為的神父;2007年《查理·威爾遜的戰(zhàn)爭》(Charlie Wilson’s War)中一發(fā)怒就開始滔滔不絕的中情局探員;以及2012年《大師》(The Master)中富于個人魅力的邪教領袖。

But he won in the best actor category for “Capote” (2005). As the eccentrically sociable, brilliantly probing and unflappably gay author of “In Cold Blood,” Mr. Hoffman flawlessly affected the real-life Truman Capote’s distinctly nasal, high-pitched voice and the naturally fey drama of his presence. Writing in The Times, A. O. Scott described the film as being about a writer’s relationship with his work.

但他是因2005年的《卡波特》(Capote)而獲得最佳男主角獎。霍夫曼在其中飾演杜魯門·卡波特(Truman Capote)：《冷血》(In Cold Blood)的作者，一位古怪地愛好交際、極度熱衷追根究底、性情鎮(zhèn)靜的同性戀作家?；舴蚵昝赖卦佻F(xiàn)了真實生活中的卡波特明顯的鼻音、尖細的音調和他身上那種自然而怪異的戲劇性色彩。A·O·斯科特(A. O. Scott)在《紐約時報》上評價這部電影是關于一位作家與自己作品的關系。

“This makes for better drama than you might expect,” Mr. Scott wrote. “Capote’s human connections are, for the most part, secondary and instrumental, which makes Philip Seymour Hoffman’s performance all the more remarkable, since he must connect with the audience without piercing the membrane of his character’s narcissism.

“這比人們意料之中的更富于戲劇性，”斯科特寫道。“卡波特與他人之間的關系至多只是二手的、輔助性的。因此菲利普·塞默·霍夫曼的表演就顯得尤為精彩，因為他必須同觀眾產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系，同時又不致于穿透卡波特那層自戀的薄膜。”

“Not only does Mr. Hoffman achieve an impressive physical and vocal transformation — mimicking Capote’s chirpy drawl and appearing to shrink to his elfin stature — but he also conveys, with clarity and subtlety, the complexities of Capote’s temperament.”

“霍夫曼模仿卡波特活潑的拖腔和蜷縮在精靈般的軀體中的姿態(tài)，在外形和聲音轉換方面極為成功，不僅如此，他還清晰而微妙地再現(xiàn)了卡波特性格氣質中的復雜性。”

Mr. Hoffman appeared in more than 50 films in a career that spanned less than 25 years; in the early 1990s he had small roles in “Leap of Faith,” which starred Steve Martin as a faith healer, and “Scent of a Woman,” in which he played a prep school classmate of Chris O’Donnell, the weekend escort of a blind former military officer on a New York City jaunt, played by Al Pacino, who won an Oscar for the role.

霍夫曼不到25年的演藝生涯中，曾在50多部影片中出演角色。20世紀90年代初，他曾在一系列影片中飾演小角色，比如《天降神跡》(Leap of Faith)，主演史蒂夫·馬丁(Steve Martin)在其中飾演一位精神治療師;還有《聞香識女人》(Scent of a Woman)，片中克里斯·奧唐納(Chris O’Donnell)在周末護送阿爾·帕西諾(Al Pacino)飾演的一位雙目失明的前軍官去紐約游覽，帕西諾憑這個角色獲得了當年的奧斯卡影帝，霍夫曼在片中飾演奧唐納在預科學校的同學。

He appeared in big-budget Hollywood films — including “Mission: Impossible III” (2006), “Moneyball” (2011) and “The Hunger Games: Catching Fire” (2013) — and critically praised independent films, including “The Savages” (2007), in which he and Laura Linney, as his sister, struggle to care for their declining father; “Synecdoche, New York” (2008), Charlie Kaufman’s offbeat drama in which he played a moody theater director wrangling with his work and women; and “A Late Quartet,” about a violinist in the midst of dual crises, familial and musical.

后來他開始在好萊塢大制作影片中出現(xiàn)，包括2006年的《碟中諜3》(Mission: Impossible III)、2011年的《點球成金》(Moneyball)和2013年的《饑餓游戲2：星火燎原》(The Hunger Games: Catching Fire);此外他還在深受評論界好評的獨立影片出演角色，包括2007年的《薩維奇一家》(The Savages)，片中勞拉·林尼(Laura Linney)飾演他的妹妹，二人努力照理暮年的父親;2008年的《紐約提喻法》(Synecdoche, New York)是查理·考夫曼(Charlie Kaufman)不落俗套的影片，霍夫曼在其中飾演一位情緒化的舞臺劇導演，為工作和女人而困擾;在《晚期四重奏》(A Late Quartet)中，他飾演一位深陷家庭與音樂事業(yè)雙重危機的小提琴手。

But citing the highlights of Mr. Hoffman’s prolific work life — which included directing and acting in Off Broadway shows for the Labyrinth Theater Company, a New York City troupe, which he served for a time as artistic director — undervalues his versatility and his willingness, rare in a celebrity actor, to explore the depths of not just creepy or villainous characters, but especially unattractive ones. He was a chameleon of especially vivid colors in roles that called for him to be unappealing.

霍夫曼的藝術生涯極為高產(chǎn)，亮點無數(shù)——他曾執(zhí)導、出演“迷宮劇團公司”(Labyrinth Theater Company)的外百老匯戲劇，一度是這個紐約劇團的藝術指導。他不僅鉆研那些恐怖邪惡的人物，也樂于探索平庸乏味者們的內心世界，這在名演員中是十分罕見的。他猶如變色龍一般，在那些需要顯得乏味無趣的人物身上變幻出鮮明的色彩。

He played an obsequious sycophant in the Coen brothers’s cult comedy “The Big Lebowski” (1998); a former child star pathetically desperate to reclaim his celebrity in “Along Came Polly” (2004), a romantic comedy that starred Ben Stiller and Jennifer Aniston; a chronic masturbator in Todd Solondz’s portrait of suburban New Jersey, “Happiness” (1998); a snooty Princetonian in “The Talented Mr. Ripley” (1999); a weaselly tabloid reporter who gets his comeuppance (he’s glued to a wheelchair and set on fire) in “Red Dragon” (2002), an adaptation of one of Thomas Harris’s Hannibal Lecter novels; and in the role that brought him his first renown, he was Scotty J., a shy, overweight, gay boom operator on a pornographic film in “Boogie Nights” (1997).

他在科恩兄弟(Coen brothers)的邪典喜劇片《謀殺綠腳趾》(The Big Lebowski)中飾演一個卑躬屈膝的諂媚者;在2004年本·斯蒂勒(Ben Stiller)、詹妮弗·安妮斯頓(Jennifer Aniston)主演的浪漫喜劇《遇見波莉》(Along Came Polly)中飾演一個前童星，可憐巴巴地拼命試圖重新贏得名氣;1998年的《愛我就讓我快樂》(Happiness)是托德·索倫茲(Todd Solondz)為新澤西郊區(qū)勾勒的一幅畫像，他在其中飾演一個長期手淫者;他在1999年的《天才雷普利》(The Talented Mr. Ripley)中飾演一個高傲的普林斯頓學生;在2002年改編自托馬斯·哈里斯(Thomas Harris)的漢尼拔·萊克托系列小說的《紅龍》(Red Dragon)中飾演一個卑劣的小報記者，最后遭到報應，被粘在輪椅上燒死。1997年的《不羈夜》(Boogie Nights)令他一舉成名，他在其中飾演斯科蒂·J，一個肥胖羞澀的同性戀，為色情片擔任吊桿麥克風操作員。

In addition to “Death of a Salesman,” Mr. Hoffman appeared as the anguished and violent playwright, Konstantin, in Mr. Nichols’s production of “The Seagull” at the Delacorte Theater in Central Park in 2001, and on Broadway in two other long and difficult roles.

除了《推銷員之死》，霍夫曼還曾在尼克爾斯執(zhí)導的《海鷗》(The Seagull)中飾演痛苦而暴力的編劇康斯坦丁，該劇2001年由德拉克特劇團在中央公園上演，還在百老匯出演了兩個難演的長期角色。

In 2000, he and John C. Reilly were in “True West,” Sam Shepard’s harrowing comic drama about the reunion of two estranged brothers; each of the two roles is substantial, but in this production, directed by Matthew Warchus, the actors each played them both, switching roles in different performances.

2000年，他曾與約翰·C·雷利(John C. Reilly)在山姆·謝帕德(Sam Shepard)撰寫的令人悲哀的喜劇舞臺劇《真實西部》(True West)中演繹了兩個疏遠的兄弟如何言歸于好;兩個角色都很豐滿，在馬修·沃克斯(Matthew Warchus)執(zhí)導的版本中，兩個演員交替扮演兩兄弟，在不同的場次中互換角色。

And in 2003, he played James Tyrone, the doomed-to-alcoholism elder son of James and Mary Tyrone (Brian Dennehy and Vanessa Redgrave) in “Long Day’s Journey Into Night,” Eugene O’Neill’s portrait of an epic family demise.

2003年，他在尤金·奧尼爾(Eugene O’Neill)的史詩家族悲劇《長夜漫漫路迢迢》(Long Day’s Journey Into Night)中飾演詹姆斯·迪龍(James Tyrone)，他是詹姆斯與瑪麗·迪龍(布萊恩·丹尼希[Brian Dennehy]與凡妮莎·雷德格雷夫[Vanessa Redgrave]飾)陷入酗酒噩運宿命的長子。

“The theater was very difficult for him,” Robert Falls, the director of “Long Day’s Journey,” said in an interview Sunday. “It cost him; there was an emotional cost to the work, having to do it for eight performances a week, and having to rehearse. In ‘Long Day’s Journey,’ a role about an addict who would be dead in a number of years, who was filled with self-loathing, certainly Phil had access to those emotions. But I’m not talking about a method actor. He just brought every fiber of his being to the stage. He was there — with his depth of feeling, depth of humanity — and no other actor I’ve ever worked with ever brought it like that, not at that level.”

“這部戲對他而言非常艱苦，”《長夜漫漫路迢迢》的導演羅伯特·弗斯(Robert Falls)在周日接受采訪中說。“它讓他付出了很多東西;一周要演八場，還要排練，他為這個角色付出了感情。在《長夜漫漫路迢迢》中，他飾演的是一個深陷酒癮、幾年內就要死掉的角色，內心充滿自我厭惡，菲爾很了解這些感情。但我并不是說他是一個方法派演員。他在舞臺上總是付出自己的全部，投入自己的情感深度與人性深度。在我合作過的演員中，沒有人全心投入角色到這個程度。”

Mr. Hoffman was born on July 23, 1967, in Fairport, N.Y., a suburb of Rochester. His mother, the former Marilyn Loucks, is a former family court judge. His father, Gordon, worked for the Xerox Corporation. His parents, who divorced when Philip was young, survive him. In his acceptance speech at the Academy Awards in 2006, Mr. Hoffman thanked many people, but in particular his mother, now known as Marilyn O’Connor, who attended. He thanked her for raising him and his three siblings on her own and for taking him to see his first play.

霍夫曼于1963年7月23日出生于紐約州羅切斯特郊區(qū)的菲爾波特。他的母親婚前名為瑪麗琳·盧克斯(Marilyn Loucks)，曾經(jīng)擔任家事法院法官。父親戈登在施樂公司工作。父母在菲利普年輕時便告離異，如今兩人依然在世。2006年獲得奧斯卡獎時，霍夫曼在致謝詞中感謝了許多人，但特別感謝了自己的母親，她已再婚，更名為瑪麗琳·奧康納(Marilyn O’Connor)，當天也出席現(xiàn)場。他感謝母親獨立撫養(yǎng)自己和三個兄弟姊妹成人，并感謝她帶他去看生平第一場戲。

“Be proud, Mom, ‘cause I’m proud of you, and we’re here tonight, and it’s so good,” he said with a smile.

“驕傲吧，媽媽，因為我為你而驕傲，今晚我們都在這里，真是太美妙了，”他微笑著說。

Mr. Hoffman’s other survivors include a brother, Gordon, a screenwriter who wrote “Love Liza,” a 2002 film starring Mr. Hoffman as a man living through the aftermath of his wife’s suicide; and two sisters, Jill Hoffman DelVecchio and Emily Hoffman Barr; his longtime partner, Mimi O’Donnell, a costume designer who is the current artistic director of the Labyrinth Theater Company; and their three children, Cooper, Tallulah and Willa.

霍夫曼其他尚在世的親人包括兄弟戈登，他是一位編劇，曾寫過2002年的電影《我愛莉莎》(Love Liza)，霍夫曼在其中飾演一個艱難挺過妻子自殺所帶來后果的男人;此外還有兩個姊妹，吉爾·霍夫曼·德爾維喬(Jill Hoffman DelVecchio)和艾米莉·霍夫曼·巴爾(Emily Hoffman Barr)，以及他的長期伴侶咪咪·奧多奈爾(Mimi O’Donnell)，她是一位服裝設計師，現(xiàn)任迷宮劇團的藝術指導;兩人育有三個孩子：庫珀、塔盧拉和維拉。

Mr. Hoffman became an actor in high school after a wrestling injury halted his athletic aspirations. He played Radar in a school production of “MASH,” a performance that was skilled enough that the school’s drama director decided to put on “Death of a Salesman”; in 1984, as a senior, he played Willy Loman. After graduating, he spent a summer at the Circle in the Square Theater School in Manhattan and later graduated from the New York University Tisch School of the Arts.

霍夫曼在高中時因摔跤而受傷，成為運動員的夢想就此終止，之后便成了演員。他曾在學校排演的舞臺劇《MASH》中飾演拉達，這部戲十分精彩，以至于學校的戲劇導演決定繼續(xù)排演《推銷員之死》。1984年，作為學校的資深演員，他飾演了威利·洛曼。畢業(yè)后，他整個夏天都在曼哈頓的廣場劇團學校圓形劇場(Circle in the Square Theater School)學習，后來從紐約大學蒂施藝術學院畢業(yè)。

Mr. Hoffman’s other notable film roles included one of two brothers (Ethan Hawke was the other) who contrive to rob their parents’ jewelry store, a crime that goes grotesquely wrong, in Sidney Lumet’s 2007 thriller “Before the Devil Knows You’re Dead”; the renegade rock critic Lester Bangs in Cameron Crowe’s “Almost Famous” (2000); a rogue disc jockey in “Pirate Radio” (2009); and the campaign manager of a politician in “The Ides of March” (2011).

霍夫曼其他著名電影角色還包括在2007年西德尼·呂美特(Sidney Lumet)執(zhí)導的的驚悚片《在魔鬼知道你死前》(Before the Devil Knows You’re Dead)中飾演伊森·霍克(Ethan Hawke)的兄弟，兄弟倆計劃搶劫父母的珠寶店，結果計劃奇異地出了大錯;還有2000年卡梅倫·克羅(Cameron Crowe)執(zhí)導的《幾近成名》(Almost Famous)中叛逆的搖滾評論家萊斯特·邦斯(Lester Bangs);2009年《海盜電臺》(Pirate Radio)中的流氓節(jié)目主持人;以及2011年《總統(tǒng)殺局》(The Ides of March)中政客的競選活動管理者。

His principal works in progress were “The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1” and “The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 2,” in which he plays the head game-maker Plutarch Heavensbee. He had largely finished on the first film, but was scheduled for seven more shooting days on the second, according to a person who was briefed on the situation and spoke on condition of anonymity because of confidentiality strictures.

他未完成的主要工作包括《饑餓游戲3：嘲笑鳥(上)》(The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1)和《饑餓游戲3：嘲笑鳥(下)》，他在其中飾演游戲設計者普魯塔克·黑文斯比(Plutarch Heavensbee)。一位相關人士透露，他在上部的拍攝已經(jīng)基本完成，但下部還差七個拍攝日的工作，因為受到保密條款約束，該人士要求匿名。

The films, directed by Francis Lawrence, are set for release by Lionsgate, the first on Nov. 21 of this year, the second on Nov. 20, 2015.

該片由弗朗西斯·勞倫斯(Francis Lawrence)執(zhí)導，由獅門公司發(fā)行，第一部計劃于今年11月21日上映，第二部將于2015年11月20日上映。

As a director, Mr. Hoffman worked with Stephen Adly Guirgis, a Labyrinth colleague, on several well-received Off Broadway plays, including “In Arabia We’d All Be Kings,” “Jesus Hopped the A Train,” “Our Lady of 121st Street” and “The Little Flower of East Orange” — all tempestuous works about urban life — and a fantasy biblical discourse, “The Last Days of Judas Iscariot.”

霍夫曼曾與迷宮劇團的同事斯蒂芬·阿德勒·奎爾吉斯(Stephen Adly Guirgis)合作擔任導演，執(zhí)導過幾部反響頗佳的外百老匯喜劇，包括《在阿拉伯我們都能當國王》(In Arabia We’d All Be Kings)、《耶穌跳上A列車》(Jesus Hopped the A Train)、《我們的121街女士》(Our Lady of 121st Street)和《東奧蘭治小花》(The Little Flower of East Orange)，它們都是激烈的城市生活喜劇。此外還有一部以圣經(jīng)為題材的幻想劇《猶大最后的日子》(The Last Days of Judas Iscariot)。

Also for Labyrinth, he played the title role in Robert Glaudini’s “Jack Goes Boating,” about the tentative love life of a pot-smoking limousine driver; Mr. Hoffman reprised the role in a 2010 adaptation, a film he also directed.

在迷宮劇團，他還曾在羅伯特·格勞蒂尼(Robert Glaudini)的《杰克去劃船》(Jack Goes Boating)中飾演杰克，該角色是個豪華轎車司機，愛抽煙斗，有了一段不確定的愛情故事;2010年，該片被搬上銀幕，霍夫曼擔任導演，并且再度在其中飾演杰克。

Labyrinth members were in a state of shock yesterday. “I had no indication at all,” the actor Felix Solis said in an interview. “He was our hero; he was our leader.”

迷宮劇團的成員們昨天都震驚不已。“我一點預感也沒有，”演員菲利克斯·索利斯(Felix Solis)在接受采訪時說。“他是我們的英雄，我們的領袖。”

On Sunday afternoon outside the building where Mr. Hoffman died, more than 100 people had gathered to mourn. The body was removed at about 6:40 p.m.; police officers formed a barricade to prevent people from taking pictures.

星期日下午，100余人聚集在霍夫曼逝世的那棟房子之外哀悼。尸體于下午6：40搬走;警方設立路障，阻止人們走近拍照。

“He’s a local — he’s a fixture in this neighborhood,” said Christian McCulloch, who said he lived nearby. “You see him with his kids in the coffee shops. He is so sweet. It’s desperately sad.”

“他是我們這里的人，他和鄰里打成一片，”自稱住在附近的克里斯蒂安·麥克卡洛克(Christian McCulloch)說，“你可以看見他帶著孩子去咖啡館。他人很好。這太讓人難過了。”