《饑餓游戲》從來(lái)就不是反戰(zhàn)片

《饑餓游戲》從來(lái)就不是反戰(zhàn)片

There’s a clever bit in the latest “Hunger Games” in which Katniss Everdeen, the boundary-smashing butch goddess of dystopian cinema, acts in a propaganda video. The idea is for Katniss, who’s both the spark of a revolution and its flinty strength, to rouse the masses with a heroic scene. Slicked up in lipstick and a Joan of Arc breastplate, she delivers her lines — “with energy,” the video director hopefully instructs her — but the scene needs tweaks. Eventually, they get it right, and the video ends with a call to “join the fight,” an exhortation that’s clearly addressed to more than one audience. It’s a funny, self-aware moment, given how extreme the stakes have become in this fascinating and strange pop epic.

在反烏托邦電影《饑餓游戲》(Hunger Games)的最新一部里，有個(gè)很聰明的片段，片中打破邊界的男性氣質(zhì)女神凱特尼斯·伊夫狄恩(Katniss Everdeen)出演一個(gè)政治宣傳錄像。凱特尼斯是革命的火種與發(fā)起革命的力量，宣傳錄像的創(chuàng)意是讓她用英雄氣概來(lái)激發(fā)民眾。她涂上口紅，穿上圣女貞德式的鎧甲，說(shuō)出自己的臺(tái)詞——“帶點(diǎn)活力”，錄像的導(dǎo)演滿懷希望地提示她——但這一幕還需要稍作調(diào)整。最后，他們拍好了，錄像在結(jié)尾處號(hào)召大家“來(lái)戰(zhàn)斗”，這番演講顯然針對(duì)的不止一個(gè)人。由于這部精彩奇異的流行史詩(shī)片中，情節(jié)已經(jīng)變得非常激烈，這場(chǎng)戲就顯得更有趣，是個(gè)很有自我意識(shí)的時(shí)刻。

Each “Hunger Games” movie makes so much noise — it’s where the deafening clamor of commerce meets the roar of true fan love — that it’s a wonder you can detect the human heartbeat under the tumult. But it’s there, thumping and sometimes racing in a franchise that, more than most industrial movies and even putative indies, speaks to both its audience and its time. There’s heart in the vague yet stirring liberation story that comes to the fore in this chapter and that’s echoed in real-life struggles around the world. And it’s there, of course, in Katniss, the backwoods savior who, as played with guileless appeal by Jennifer Lawrence, is mounting an attack on the forces of oppression.

每一部《饑餓游戲》上映時(shí)都很喧鬧——震耳欲聾的商業(yè)炒作再加上粉絲的狂熱真愛(ài)——然而在眾聲喧嘩中，你還能捕捉到人類(lèi)的心跳，這簡(jiǎn)直就是個(gè)奇跡。但它就在那兒，在這部商業(yè)大片里砰砰跳動(dòng)著，有時(shí)還很激烈，和大多數(shù)業(yè)內(nèi)電影相比，甚至和所謂的獨(dú)立電影相比，這部影片向觀眾與時(shí)代同時(shí)發(fā)出自己的聲音。這個(gè)模糊卻令人不安的故事關(guān)乎自由，有著自己的核心。系列進(jìn)行到這一部，這個(gè)核心開(kāi)始浮現(xiàn)出來(lái)，與現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的真實(shí)斗爭(zhēng)相呼應(yīng)。凱特尼斯由富于狡黠魅力的詹妮弗·勞倫斯(Jennifer Lawrence)飾演，這個(gè)來(lái)自邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的救世主自然也在這一部中開(kāi)始同壓迫勢(shì)力作戰(zhàn)。

These forces include anyone who has ever doubted the appeal of female-driven stories, which, considering that 85 percent of the top-grossing movies from 2013 have male leads, means most of the people making films. But there’s more here than gender equality. Last year, the second installment, “The Hunger Games: Catching Fire,” topped the year’s box office. It’s easy to see why. “Mockingjay Part 1” returns to the series backdrop: a totalitarian country — Panem, a stand-in for any number of nations — that rose from the ashes of a postapocalyptic North America. Katniss has surmounted her station as a slave by emerging victorious from the annual gladiatorial games that pit (usually child) combatants against one another. Her very survival has made her an existential threat to Panem.

這些壓迫之中，也包括那些不相信女性為主的故事可以吸引觀眾的人們。要知道，2013年，85%的賣(mài)座電影都是由男性主導(dǎo)的，也就是說(shuō)，大多數(shù)電影都是以男性主導(dǎo)的。但還有比性別平等更重要的東西。去年，《饑餓游戲》的第二部，《饑餓游戲：星火燎原》(The Hunger Games: Catching Fire)奪得了年度票房冠軍。原因顯而易見(jiàn)。目前這部《饑餓游戲：嘲笑鳥(niǎo)(上)》(Mockingjay Part 1)回歸了這個(gè)系列的背景：從末日后的北美廢墟上建立起的集權(quán)國(guó)家施惠國(guó)(Panem)，它是很多國(guó)家的象征。凱特尼斯戰(zhàn)勝了自己的奴隸身份，在一年一度的參賽者(通常是孩子)自相殘殺的游戲中取勝。她的生還令她成為對(duì)施惠國(guó)的重大威脅。

The “Hunger Games” books and movies have always invited different readings, including as an allegory for the agonies of adolescence, but on screen, those interpretations have receded as the series has unfolded, and the story’s focus has sharpened. When the curtain rises on the third movie (the full, unwieldy title is “The Hunger Games: Mockingjay Part 1”), the games are over, and the subject of the series — war — has been revealed. Though, of course, it’s been there all along, as Amy Davidson wrote in The New Yorker on the eve of the first movie’s release in 2012: “America has been at war for a decade now; is it really a coincidence that the biggest movie of the year is the first in a trilogy in which torture, terror, asymmetric warfare and the manipulation of public opinion all play a role?”

《饑餓游戲》的小說(shuō)與電影總會(huì)帶來(lái)不同解讀，有些人認(rèn)為它是青春期痛苦的寓言。但在電影銀幕上，隨著系列慢慢展開(kāi)，故事的焦點(diǎn)日益清晰，其他解讀也就漸漸黯然失色了。當(dāng)?shù)谌侩娪暗尼∧焕_(kāi)時(shí)，“饑餓游戲”已經(jīng)告終，系列故事的真正主題——戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)——浮現(xiàn)出來(lái)。當(dāng)然，這個(gè)問(wèn)題一直存在，正如艾米·戴維森(Amy Davidson)在該系列第一部于2012年上映前夕在《紐約客》上寫(xiě)的那樣，“到如今美國(guó)已經(jīng)打了十年的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng);今年最受歡迎的電影只是三部曲中的第一部，而整個(gè)三部曲恰巧是關(guān)于折磨、恐怖、不對(duì)等的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與操縱民意的，這真的是一種巧合嗎?”

More than two years later, the off-screen battlegrounds have shifted, but Ms. Davidson’s take remains as valid as ever. And “Mockingjay Part 1” is indisputably a war movie, from tearful start to unsettling end. Its director is Francis Lawrence, who did the honors in the second one, and he does a serviceable job again of pulling the parts together. If you haven’t seen the earlier movies, you may get a little lost; it doesn’t matter. If you’ve watched them and forgotten certain details, it also doesn’t matter. “Mockingjay Part 1” is streamlined, blunt and easy. The Capitol, the base of Panem power, is after Katniss, who is squirreled away in a part of the country, District 13, once thought to have been destroyed. Led by President Alma Coin (Julianne Moore, equal parts iron and silk), District 13 is now leading the charge against the Capitol.

過(guò)了兩年多以后，屏幕之外的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始改變，但是戴維森的話仍然生效。毋庸置疑，《嘲笑鳥(niǎo)(上)》是一部戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)電影，從悲哀的開(kāi)頭到令人不安的結(jié)尾都是如此。導(dǎo)演弗朗西斯·勞倫斯(Francis Lawrence)也拍了該系列的第二部，在新片中，他再度盡職地把各個(gè)部分連在一起。如果你沒(méi)看過(guò)早先的兩部電影，看這部電影時(shí)可能會(huì)覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)糊涂，不過(guò)這沒(méi)關(guān)系。如果你看過(guò)，但是忘記了細(xì)節(jié)，這也沒(méi)有關(guān)系?！冻靶B(niǎo)(上)》流暢、直率而輕松。施惠國(guó)的權(quán)力部門(mén)是“國(guó)會(huì)”，它正在追捕凱特尼斯，而凱特尼斯則逃到這個(gè)國(guó)家的另一個(gè)部分：13區(qū)，這里曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為已遭摧毀，目前由艾爾瑪·科恩總統(tǒng)(茱莉安·摩爾[Julianne Moore]飾演，既鐵腕又溫柔)率領(lǐng)，是反抗國(guó)會(huì)的主要力量。

One of the pleasures of big-ticket blockbusters is that the smart ones (Harry Potter, most obviously) often come stuffed with the best acting talent money can buy. The script for “Mockingjay Part 1,” credited to Peter Craig and Danny Strong, gets the job done, but the performers matter far more than the words they deliver. When Ms. Moore sits around a table with Jeffrey Wright (as Beetee, a tech whiz) and Philip Seymour Hoffman (Plutarch, a strategist), you’re both watching a scene and seeing how great actors can give emotional and psychological specificity to blather about the art of war and the fate of a people. Hoffman, who looked so uncomfortable in “Catching Fire,” is here loose, funny and stingingly real.

觀看票房大片的樂(lè)趣之一在于，那些聰明的大片(最明顯的就是《哈利·波特》[Harry Potter])當(dāng)中，經(jīng)常充滿高薪能夠聘請(qǐng)到的最杰出的演員?！冻靶B(niǎo)(上)》的劇本由彼得·克萊格(Peter Craig)和丹尼·斯特朗(Danny Strong)撰寫(xiě)，他們寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)，但演員的發(fā)揮比臺(tái)詞更精彩。摩爾坐在桌邊，身邊是杰弗里·懷特(Jeffrey Wright，飾演技術(shù)天才比提)，以及菲利普·塞默·霍夫曼(Philip Seymour Hoffman，飾演戰(zhàn)略家普魯塔克)，你既能看到一場(chǎng)精彩的戲，也能看到優(yōu)秀的演員是怎樣為那些關(guān)于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)藝術(shù)與人類(lèi)命運(yùn)的胡說(shuō)八道賦予情感和心理上的特質(zhì)?；舴蚵谏弦徊俊缎腔鹆窃?Catching Fire)中顯得很不自在，到了這里就顯得放松、有趣而且極為真實(shí)。

There are a fair number of those war room scenes, which makes the movie feel far more claustrophobic than its antecedents. To an extent, since the rebel leaders are strategizing from a bunker, the sense of entrapment works for the story, as do the physical limitations presented by District 13, which is underground and organized around a dimly lit, multilevel atrium that looks like a repurposed silo. Yet you grow antsy in District 13, both because it’s such a dreary militarized world — created for maximum defensiveness, and that’s it — and because it locks up Katniss, who was made to roam. It’s a relief when she steps outside, even to go hunting with her best friend, Gale (Liam Hemsworth), whose moony, lovesick shtick has become a drag.

這種戰(zhàn)略室里的戲有好幾場(chǎng)，使得這部電影和前作比起來(lái)多了幾分幽閉恐怖的氣息。在某種程度上，這也是由于叛軍領(lǐng)袖是從一個(gè)燃料庫(kù)開(kāi)始推行戰(zhàn)略的，在故事中有陷阱的感覺(jué);而13區(qū)又位于地下，圍繞著光線昏暗的多層天井，看上去很像核武器的發(fā)射井，使人覺(jué)得身體受到限制。置身13區(qū)，你會(huì)感到愈來(lái)愈不安，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)陰沉的軍事化世界——有嚴(yán)密的防御——而且也因?yàn)樗ё×颂焐杂勺栽诘膭P特尼斯。當(dāng)她走出這個(gè)世界，甚至只是和她最好的朋友蓋爾(利亞姆·海姆斯沃斯[Liam Hemsworth]飾)去打獵，都會(huì)令人松一口氣。另外，蓋爾憂郁、害相思病的氣質(zhì)已經(jīng)成了累贅。

The war scenes are more of a relief — stuff blows up, etc. — which is complicated. François Truffaut is said to have observed that there’s no such thing as an antiwar movie because all war movies make combat look fun, which isn’t true, even if many turn death into easy-to-consume spectacles. “The Hunger Games” has never been antiwar, and while some object to a fiction in which adults send children to slaughter one another, what’s truly appalling is that this isn’t a grotesque fantasy but a bitter truth of human civilization. The scene in the first movie of combatants racing into the start of the games to kill and die is shocking only because it acknowledges that truth.

戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)場(chǎng)面更是讓人松了一口氣——充滿爆炸等場(chǎng)面——它很復(fù)雜。據(jù)說(shuō)弗朗索瓦·特呂弗(François Truffaut)曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)，根本就沒(méi)有“反戰(zhàn)電影”這種東西，因?yàn)槿魏螒?zhàn)爭(zhēng)片都會(huì)讓打斗看起來(lái)很有意思，但這不是真的，甚至有很多電影會(huì)把死亡變成可以輕松消費(fèi)的奇觀。《饑餓游戲》從來(lái)就不是反戰(zhàn)的，盡管有人討厭一部講述成年人讓孩子自相殘殺的小說(shuō)，但令人震驚的是，它并不是一個(gè)怪誕的幻想，更像是人類(lèi)文明的苦澀真相。第一部電影中，參賽者從游戲一開(kāi)始就自相殘殺，有人殺戮，有人死去，這一幕非常驚人，只是因?yàn)樗f(shuō)出了真相。

That shock lingered, but the ugliness of those deaths was mitigated by Katniss, whose very individuality, her grit, roughness and decency, serve as a rebuke to the Capitol. In her struggle to keep herself alive along with her other love interest, the insufferably dull Peeta (Josh Hutcherson, still miscast!), Katniss personalizes — humanizes — the fight. That humanity is crucial to her evolution as a classic charismatic revolutionary hero. She’s the one who embodies, articulates and justifies the battle and breaks collective chains, even as she’s being folded into District 13’s militaristic operation. Plutarch and the rest of the rebel leaders understand that, but when they make that first propaganda video, they get it wrong because, by writing the script for her, they also silence her.

這種震驚縈繞不去，但死亡的丑陋被凱特尼斯的個(gè)人氣質(zhì)緩解了，她堅(jiān)毅、強(qiáng)悍，正直，就像是對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)的一種斥責(zé)。她和另一個(gè)喜歡她的人，乏味至極的皮塔(喬什·哈切森[Josh Hutcheerson]飾演，他到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)適應(yīng)角色!)一起，為生存而戰(zhàn)斗，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，她令斗爭(zhēng)變得個(gè)人化——變得人性化了。她漸漸成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)富于古典個(gè)人魅力的革命英雄，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，人性非常關(guān)鍵。她是這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗的象征，闡明了它的意義，令它正當(dāng)化，她打破了集體主義的枷鎖，甚至當(dāng)她被困在13區(qū)的軍國(guó)主義制度中時(shí)也是如此。普魯塔克和其他叛軍領(lǐng)袖都能理解她，但當(dāng)他們拍攝第一部宣傳錄像時(shí)，他們就錯(cuò)了，因?yàn)樗麄円o她寫(xiě)臺(tái)詞，這同時(shí)也是在壓制她的聲音。

“Mockingjay Part 1” doesn’t silence Katniss, but in some respects, it sidelines her. She still has plenty to say and do, though not enough, partly because, in chopping the last book into two movies (“Part 2” lands next year) and by embracing the blockbuster imperative — big bangs and action — the filmmakers lose sight of her. That’s most evident with a rescue that Katniss doesn’t physically participate in. The rescue happens midway through the final book, but it’s been turned into the movie’s culminating set piece, one that Katniss — like you — witnesses unfold on screen. It’s perfectly watchable in a generic, action-flick way. Yet as Katniss Everdeen stands gaping at the rescue, with widening and watering eyes, it’s hard not to feel that for the first time in this series, the filmmakers are treating her just like, well, the girl.

《嘲笑鳥(niǎo)(上)》并沒(méi)有壓制凱特尼斯的聲音，但在某些方面令她有些弱化。她仍然有很多東西可以說(shuō)、可以做，但還不夠充分，部分是因?yàn)椋娪鞍研≌f(shuō)系列的最后一本書(shū)拆成了兩部影片(《嘲笑鳥(niǎo)(下)》將在明年上映)，而且片中還有不少流行大片元素，比如大爆炸和動(dòng)作戲——拍片人沒(méi)有重點(diǎn)關(guān)注她。特別是一段凱特尼斯沒(méi)有親身參與的營(yíng)救戲。在小說(shuō)中，這場(chǎng)營(yíng)救發(fā)生在中段，但它卻成了這部電影的高潮，凱特尼斯和你一樣，旁觀著這場(chǎng)戲在銀幕上展開(kāi)。如果你把影片當(dāng)成動(dòng)作類(lèi)型片，那么這一幕很精彩，但當(dāng)凱特尼斯·伊夫狄恩站在一邊，眼淚汪汪地看著這場(chǎng)營(yíng)救的時(shí)候，人們不禁會(huì)感覺(jué)拍片人只是把她當(dāng)做一個(gè)普通女孩，這種感覺(jué)在這個(gè)系列中還是第一次出現(xiàn)。