中級(jí)美國(guó)英語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞 should和must
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們要學(xué)習(xí)的是助動(dòng)詞should, s-h-o-u-l-d, should 跟must, m-u-s-t, must的用法. 我們也要看看這兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞的否定式should not也就shouldn't 和must not也就是mustn't 在意思上跟don't have to這個(gè)詞組有什么分別.
首先我還是請(qǐng)兩位英文老師給你念一段對(duì)話, 請(qǐng)你注意聽英文老師的發(fā)音和聲調(diào).
F: Peter, can you help me for a minute?
M: Yes, what do you want me to do?
F: Will you take the garbage out?
M: Do I have to do it now?
F: Well, you don't have to it now. But don't forget to do it today.
M: All right. I really must go now; otherwise I'll be late for school.
F: You have an exam this morning, don't you? You mustn't be late. Maybe you should ask your father for a ride.
好, 現(xiàn)在我們?cè)侔褎偛拍嵌螌?duì)話用慢速度念一遍, 請(qǐng)你注意聽:
F: Peter, can you help me for a minute?
M: Yes, what do you want me to do?
F: Will you take the garbage out?
M: Do I have to do it now?
F: Well, you don't have to. But don't forget to do it today.
M: All right. I really must go now; otherwise I'll be late for school.
F: You have an exam this morning, don't you? You mustn't be late. Maybe you should ask your father for a ride.
在彼得跟他母親的這段對(duì)話里, 有幾個(gè)句子用了我們今天要學(xué)的助動(dòng)詞 should, must 跟它們的否定式 shouldn't, mustn't 還有 have to 跟 don't have to 這兩個(gè)詞組, 現(xiàn)在我請(qǐng)老師把包含了這些詞的句子用慢速度再念一遍給你聽:
M: Do I have to do it now?
F: You don't have to.
M: I really must go now.
F: You mustn't be late. Maybe you should ask your father for a ride.
二.SHOULD
好了, 現(xiàn)在該作練習(xí)了. 首先我們來(lái)學(xué)怎么用 should. 這個(gè)字是用來(lái)勸告別人應(yīng)該做些什么事. 比方有一句話: "天冷了, 你應(yīng)該穿毛衣," 這句話, 你可以這樣說(shuō): It's cold. You should wear a sweater.
好, 現(xiàn)在我們給你多舉一些例子. 每個(gè)句子我們念兩遍, 請(qǐng)你聽一遍, 跟著重復(fù)一遍.
M: It's cold. You should wear a sweater.
F: It's cold.You should wear a sweater.
M: Peter is late. He should ask his father for a ride.
F: Peter is late. He should ask his father for a ride.
M: Henry is heavy. He should get in shape again.
F: Henry is heavy. He should get in shape again.
M: Kate is hungry. She should eat something.
F: Kate is hungry. She should eat something.
M: Your room is messy. You should clean it up.
F: Your room is messy. You should clean it up.
好, 現(xiàn)在我們換一個(gè)方式作練習(xí), 先由老師說(shuō)一句話, 比方: "下雨了!" It's raining. 接著老師給你一個(gè)詞組: "帶雨傘" carry an umbrella 請(qǐng)你用 should 這個(gè)字來(lái)完成句子, 所以答案就是: "下雨了, 你應(yīng)該帶雨傘". It's raining. You should carry an umbrella. 好, 現(xiàn)在我們開始練習(xí). 在你作完句子之后,請(qǐng)注意聽正確的答案.
M: Peter is a good player.
M: join the team
F: peter is a good player. He should join the team.
M: Henry is tired.
M: take a rest
F: Henry is tired. He should take a rest.
M: Kate is thirsty.
M: have a glass of water.
F: Kate is thirsty. She should have a glass of water.
M: Your shirt is dirty.
M: change into a clean one
F: Your shirt is dirty. You should change into a clean one.
M: It's raining.
M: carry an umbrella
F: It's raining. You should carry an umbrella.
剛才那組練習(xí)你都作對(duì)了嗎? 下面我們來(lái)練習(xí) should 的否定式 should not. 這兩個(gè)字可以簡(jiǎn)縮為 shouldn't, 意思就是勸人不要做什么事. 我們作的是換字練習(xí). 老師先念一句話, 接著老師給你一個(gè)新的詞組, 請(qǐng)你把新的詞組代換到原來(lái)的句子里. 每作完一句, 就請(qǐng)你聽正確答案.
M: You shouldn't spend so much money.
M: drink so much coffee
F: You shouldn't drink so much coffee.
M: buy so many records
F: You shouldn't buy so many records.
M: go to so many movies
F: You shouldn't go to so many movies.
M: drive so fast
F: You shouldn't drive so fast.
三.MUST
下面我們來(lái)學(xué)另外一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞 must. 這個(gè)字表示必須作某件事情, 沒(méi)有其他選擇. 比方有一句話: " 亨利要上飛機(jī)了, 他非有飛機(jī)票不可 ", 這句話英文可以這么說(shuō): Henry is going on an airplane. He must have a ticket.
現(xiàn)在我們給你多舉一些例子. 每個(gè)句子我們還是念兩遍, 還是請(qǐng)你聽一遍, 重復(fù)一遍.
M: Henry is going on an airplane. He must have a ticket.
F: Henry is going on an airplane. He must have a ticket.
M: Kate is going to a formal party. She must wear a dress.
F: Kate is going to a formal party. She must wear a dress.
M: Linda is going to buy a record. She must save some money.
F: Linda is going to buy a record. She must save some money.
M: Mary has an exam tomorrow. She must study hard.
F: Mary has an exam tomorrow. She must study hard.
M: Peter has a class at 7 o'clock. He must get up early.
F: Peter has a class at 7 o'clock. He must get up early.
M: Susan doesn't have a car. She must go to her job by train.
F: Susan doesn't have a car. She must go to her job by train.
must 的否定式是 must not, 也可以簡(jiǎn)縮為 mustn't. 這個(gè)詞是用來(lái)表示一定不應(yīng)該作的事. 下面這組練習(xí)內(nèi)容都是說(shuō)彼得在上課的時(shí)候不應(yīng)該作的一些事. 由老師先念一個(gè)句子: peter mustn't sleep in class. 接著老師念一個(gè)新詞組: eat lunch. 請(qǐng)你用新詞組把原來(lái)的句子改為: Peter mustn't eat lunch in class. 好, 現(xiàn)在我們開始作換字練習(xí). 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽正確答案.
M: Peter mustn't sleep in class.
M: eat lunch
F: Peter mustn't eat lunch in class.
M: talk
F: Peter mustn't talk in class.
M: smoke
F: Peter mustn't smoke in class.
M: write letters
F: Peter mustn't write letters in class.
M: look out of window
F: Peter mustn't look out of window in class.
M: listen to the radio
F: Peter mustn't listen to the radio in class.
四.HAVE TO
剛才我們學(xué)習(xí)了兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞 should 和 must, 還有它們的否定式 shouldn't 和 mustn't, 現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)另外一個(gè)意思跟 must 相同的詞組 have to. 這個(gè)詞組也是用來(lái)表示非作某件事不可. 比方有一句話: "你非得清理院?jiǎn)?" 英文可以這樣說(shuō): Do you have to clean the yard? 另外一句話: "你 得工作掙零用錢嗎?" 英文可以這樣說(shuō): Do you have to work to earn your allowance? 好, 現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)練習(xí)這類句子.由老師念一個(gè)句子, 然后老師給你一個(gè)新詞組, 請(qǐng)你用這個(gè)新詞組作換字練習(xí). 作完一句就聽正確答案.
M: Do you have to clean the yard?
M: practice everyday
F: Do you have to practice everyday?
M: go to the supermarket
F: Do you have to go to the supermarket?
M: wash the dishes
F: Do you have to wash the dishes?
M: change your clothes
F: Do you have to change your clothes?
M: work to earn your allowance
F: Do you have to work to earn your allowance?
凡是陳述句的主詞是第三人稱 "他" 的時(shí)候, 就應(yīng)該用 has to. 下面我們要練習(xí)這類句子. 老師先用 does, d-o-e-s, does 開頭作問(wèn)句, 請(qǐng)你用 has to 來(lái)回答問(wèn)題. 作完一句還是請(qǐng)你聽正確答案.
M: Does he have to go to New York?
F: Yes, he has to go to New York.
M: Does he have to clean up his room?
F: Yes, he has to clean up his room.
M: Does she have to take the bus?
F: Yes, she has to take the bus.
M: Does she have to drop this course?
F: Yes, she has to drop this course.
have to 的否定式 don't have to 跟 has to 的否定式 doesn't have to 都可以用來(lái)表示不一定非得作某件事, 而有其他選擇. 在下面一組練習(xí)里, 我們要多學(xué)學(xué)這類句子. 每個(gè)句子我們還是念兩遍, 還是請(qǐng)你聽一遍, 重復(fù)一遍:
M: I don't have to buy records. I can listen to the radio.
F: I don't have to buy records. I can listen to the radio.
M: You don't have to go to the movies. You can stay home and watch television.
F: You don't have to go to the movies. You can stay home and watch television.
M: We don't have to take the train. We can take the bus.
F: We don't have to take the train. We can take the bus.
M: They don't have to drink coffee. They can drink tea.
F: They don't have to drink coffee. They can drink tea.
M: He doesn't have to wear a white shirt. He can wear a blue one.
F: He doesn't have to wear a white shirt. He can wear a blue one.
M: She doesn't have to cook. She can go out to eat.
F: She doesn't have to cook. She can go out to eat.
五.聽短文回答問(wèn)題
首先還是請(qǐng)你聽一段文章, 內(nèi)容是說(shuō)彼得跟琳達(dá)兄妹兩個(gè)人應(yīng)該幫著作 些什么家事才能每星期拿零用錢.
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽:
Every week Peter and Linda receive five dollars from their parents. This money is their weekly allowance. It is not a gift. Peter and Linda must work for the family to earn the money. Peter takes out the garbage and cleans the yard around the house. He should do it everyday, but sometimes he forgets. Linda helps her mother with the cooking. She also washes the dishes after dinner. Peter and Linda don't have to use their money for food. They use it for their entertainment. Sometimes they go to the movies. Sometimes they buy records. Each week they save some of their money to buy something more expensive.
剛才那段文章你聽懂了多少? 文章里包含了今天教的語(yǔ)法, 你是不是注意 到了? 等一會(huì)兒我們會(huì)把整段文章再念一遍. 現(xiàn)在我們把今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問(wèn)題先念一遍給你聽.
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What should Peter do to earn his weekly allowance?
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: Does Linda have to use her allowance for food?
下面是第三個(gè)問(wèn)題:
M: How do Peter and Linda spend their money?
好了, 現(xiàn)在我們?cè)侔褎偛拍嵌挝恼掠寐俣饶钜槐榻o你聽, 請(qǐng)你特別注意剛才那三個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案.
Every week Peter and Linda receive five dollars from their parents. This money is their weekly allowance. It is not a gift. Peter and Linda must work for the family to earn the money. Peter takes out the garbage and cleans the yard around the house. He should do it everyday, but sometimes he forgets. Linda helps her mother with the cooking. She also washes the dishes after dinner. Peter and Linda don't have to use their money for food. They use it for their entertainment. Sometimes they go to the movies. Sometimes they buy records. Each week they save some of their money to buy something more expensive.
現(xiàn)在要請(qǐng)你回答今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問(wèn)題. 在你回答以后, 請(qǐng)你聽老師說(shuō)正確答案, 看你答對(duì)了沒(méi)有.
下面是第一個(gè)問(wèn)題:
M: What should Peter do to earn his weekly allowance?
F: He should take out the garbage and clean the yard around the house.
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: Does Linda have to use her allowance for food?
F: No, she doesn't have to use her allowance for food.
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答第三個(gè)問(wèn)題:
M: How do Peter and Linda spend their money?
F: Sometimes they go to the movies. Sometimes they buy records
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