中級(jí)美國(guó)英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成式（二）

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一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例

   在這一課里我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成式;     我們也要學(xué)習(xí)  ever,  e-v-e-r,  ever  跟never, n-e-v-e-r, never 以及 wish, w-i-s-h, wish的用法.現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)聽(tīng)今天這一課的會(huì)話(huà),內(nèi)容是說(shuō)學(xué)校放寒假了, 珍妮離開(kāi)學(xué)校以前在校園里遇見(jiàn)同學(xué)鮑勃;兩個(gè)人談話(huà)的經(jīng)過(guò).請(qǐng)你注意英文老師的發(fā)音和語(yǔ)調(diào).

   F:  Where have you been?
   M: I have been over at the library. I have begun studying for the next semester.
   F:  The campus is quiet today.
   M: Yes, a lot of people have gone home. Do you have any plans?
   F:  I'm  going  home  to  see  my    parents.  I have  invited  a  friend  to come   with   me.  What about you?
   M: I'm not going anywhere.
   F:  Why not?
   M: I have decided to save my money for a trip to China next year.
   F:  China? That's really exciting. I wish I could go.

   現(xiàn)在我請(qǐng)英文老師再把整段對(duì)話(huà)用慢速度念一遍, 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng).

   F:  Where have you been?
   M: I have been over at the library. I have begun studying for the next semester.
   F:  The campus is quiet today.
   M: Yes, a lot of people have gone home. Do you have any plans?
   F:  I'm  going  home  to  see  my    parents.  I have  invited  a  friend  to come   with   me. What  about you?
   M: I'm not going anywhere.
   F:  Why not?
   M: I have decided to save my money for a trip to China next year.
   F:  China? That's really exciting. I wish I could go.

   下面我請(qǐng)英文老師把對(duì)話(huà)里包含了今天要學(xué)的語(yǔ)法的句子用慢速度再念一遍.

   M: I have begun studying for the next semester.
   M: A lot of people have gone home.
   F:  I have invited a friend to come with me.
   M: I have decided to save my money for a trip to China next year.
   F:  I wish I could go.

二.現(xiàn)在完成式

   首先我們聽(tīng)老師念一些敘述大學(xué)生活的現(xiàn)在完成式句子.     這些句子都表示事情到目前為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生.     有些句子用的是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞,   比方    finished, f-i-n-i-s-h-e-d, finished; 有些是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞, 比方 "離開(kāi)"  left, l-e-f-t, left,"去" gone, g-o-n-e, gone,  "開(kāi)始"  begun, b-e-g-u-n, begun 等等. 現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)男老師念句子, 然后跟著女老師一起重復(fù).

   M: The semester has finished.
   F:  The semester has finished.
   M: The semester break has started.
   F:  The semester break has started.
   M: Many students have left the campus.
   F:  Many students have left the campus.
   M: A lot of students have gone home.
   F:  A lot of students have gone home.
   M: Some professors and students have decided to take a vacation.
   F:  Some professors and students have decided to take a vacation.
   M: Some of them have made other plans.
   F:  Some of them have made other plans.
   M: Bob has begun studying for the next semester.
   F:  Bob has begun studying for the next semester.
   M: He has saved some money for a trip to China.
   F:  He has saved some money for a trip to China.
   M: Jenny has planned to go home.
   F:  Jenny has planned to go home.
   M: She has invited a friend to visit her family.
   F:  She has invited a friend to visit her family.

   下面我們來(lái)作代換練習(xí).    這個(gè)練習(xí)里的句子都是說(shuō)珍妮在寒假里已經(jīng)作了的事情. 老師先念一個(gè)句子, 然后老師給你一個(gè)新詞組,    請(qǐng)你代換到原來(lái)的句子里.  每作完一句老師會(huì)念出正確答案讓你作個(gè)比較. 請(qǐng)你注意, 在你作練習(xí)的時(shí)候你必須把老師給你的原型動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞.

   M: Jenny has done a lot of things.
   M: be home with her parents
   F:  Jenny has been home with her parents.
   M: see her old friends
   F:  Jenny has seen her old friends.
   M: meet some new friends
   F:  Jenny has met some new friends.
   M: go to many places with her sister,Linda
   F:  Jenny has gone to many places with her sister,Linda.
   M: spend some time with her brother,Peter
   F:  Jenny has spent some time with her brother,Peter.

   下面我們看一看鮑勃在寒假里已經(jīng)作了什么事. 請(qǐng)你跟剛才一樣作練習(xí).

   M: Bob has stayed in the university.
   M: buy his Chinese textbook
   F:  Bob has bought his Chinese textbook.
   M: study Chinese
   F:  Bob has studied Chinese.
   M: write two reports
   F:  Bob has written two reports.
   M: take a job
   F:  Bob has taken a job.
   M: work in a restaurant
   F:  Bob has worked in a restaurant.

三.EVER

   剛才我們練習(xí)了一些現(xiàn)在完成式句子,    現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)學(xué)兩個(gè)時(shí)常跟這類(lèi)句子一起用的副詞, 一個(gè)是 ever, 一個(gè)是 never. 如果把 ever    這個(gè)字用在現(xiàn)在完成式疑問(wèn)句里就表示到目前為止是否已經(jīng)作過(guò)某件事.  比方    "你吃過(guò)美國(guó)牛肉餅嗎?"   這句話(huà)英文可以這樣說(shuō): Have you ever eaten a hamburger?下面我們以代換練習(xí)的方式多練習(xí)這類(lèi)句子. 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容是說(shuō)珍妮帶了一個(gè)從中國(guó)到美國(guó)不久的同學(xué)到她家去玩.     珍妮的弟弟彼得很好奇, 于是問(wèn)他對(duì)美國(guó)生活有多少了解, 比方吃過(guò)這個(gè), 看過(guò)那個(gè)沒(méi)有. 現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始跟剛才一樣作換字練習(xí), 作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)老師念正確答案

   M: Have you ever eaten a hamburger?
   M: have coffee
   F:  Have you ever had coffee?
   M: drive a car
   F:  Have you ever driven a car?
   M: hear an American song
   F:  Have you ever heard an American song?
   M: read an American novel
   F:  Have you ever read an American novel?

四.NEVER

   現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)作另外一組練習(xí),    內(nèi)容是說(shuō)鮑勃帶珍妮到大學(xué)附近一個(gè)廣東館子吃中國(guó)飯.  鮑勃是中國(guó)后裔美國(guó)人, 對(duì)中國(guó)文化有了解, 可是珍妮卻沒(méi)有接觸過(guò)中國(guó)文化,所以鮑勃問(wèn)珍妮許多問(wèn)題,比方吃過(guò)廣東菜沒(méi)有? 用過(guò)筷子沒(méi)有?喝過(guò)綠茶沒(méi)有? 珍妮只好一一用 never 答覆說(shuō)從來(lái)沒(méi)有. 下面就是一個(gè)例子:

   M: Have you ever eaten Cantonese food?
   F:  No,I have never eaten Cantonese food.

   現(xiàn)在我們開(kāi)始作練習(xí),  請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)鮑勃問(wèn)問(wèn)題,    并且在珍妮回答問(wèn)題的時(shí)候 一起回答.

   M: Have you ever eaten Cantonese food?
   F:  No, I have never eaten Cantonese food.
   M: Have you ever used chopsticks?
   F:  No, I have never used chopsticks.
   M: Have you ever had green tea?
   F:  No, I have never had green tea.
   M: Have you ever seen a Chinese painting?
   F:  No, I have never seen a Chinese painting.
   M: Have you ever heard a Chinese song?
   F:  No, I have never heard a Chinese song.
   M: Have you ever gone to a Chinese movie?
   F:  No, I have never gone to a Chinese movie.
   M: Have you ever read a book about China?
   F:  No, I have never read a book about China.

五.WISH

   現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)怎么用 wish, w-i-s-h, wish.這個(gè)字跟過(guò)去式從句一起用可以表示無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望. 比方在今天這一課的對(duì)話(huà)里珍妮表示希望到中國(guó)去,可惜不能. 那句話(huà)英文是: I wish I could go to China.

   下面我們來(lái)練習(xí)這些句子,     請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)男老師念普通否定句,  然后請(qǐng)你改用 wish 把珍妮無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望說(shuō)出來(lái). 每作完一句就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)正確答案.

   M: I can't sing.
   F:  I wish I could sing.
   M: I can't use chopsticks.
   F:  I wish I could use chopsticks.
   M: I can't go to China.
   F:  I wish I could go to China.
   M: I don't know Chinese.
   F:  I wish I knew Chinese.
   M: I don't know Bob's parents.
   F:  I wish I knew Bob's parents.
   M: I don't have money to go to China.
   F:  I wish I had money to go to China.

   凡是句子的動(dòng)詞是 am, are 或是 is 的時(shí)候如果跟 wish 一起用, 那么就一律改成 were. w-e-r-e, were. 下面就是一些例子, 還是請(qǐng)你跟剛才一樣練習(xí).

   M: I am not rich.
   F:  I wish I were rich.
   M: I am not tall.
   F:  I wish I were tall.
   M: I am not strong.
   F:  I wish I were strong.
   M: She is not a professor.
   F:  She wishes she were a professor.
   M: She is not at home.
   F:  She wishes she were at home.

六.聽(tīng)短文回答問(wèn)題

   現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)作聽(tīng)力測(cè)驗(yàn). 首先還是請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)一段文章,內(nèi)容是說(shuō)大學(xué)秋季班結(jié)束了,  學(xué)生已經(jīng)開(kāi)始過(guò)寒假, 有的學(xué)生回家了, 有的學(xué)生到紐約或是舊金山去玩等等.請(qǐng)你特別注意聽(tīng)文章里的現(xiàn)在完成式句子.

   The  students  at  the university   have  finished   their  final  exams.  The  fall   semester has ended  and  the  students  have  begun  their    semester  break.  They  have three weeks to relax before the spring semester begins. The first weekend the weather has been good. It has been warm and it hasn't rained. Most students  have  left  the  university  for  a   vacation.  Some have gone to famous places like New  York  or  San  Francisco  to  see    the  sights.  Others  have  gone  to   the   beaches  in California and Florida.  Many students' home are not near the university.  They have taken this chance to visit their families  at  home.  Jenny  has  invited  a    friend  to  come  to  her  home  to meet her family. She has also spent some time with her old  friends from high school.

   等一會(huì)兒我會(huì)請(qǐng)英文老師把整段文章再念一遍.    現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)今天要測(cè)驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問(wèn)題.

   第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
   M: How long is the break between the semesters?
   第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
   M: What have students done during the semester break?
   第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
   M: How did Jenny spend her vacation?

   現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)聽(tīng)英文老師用慢速度把整段文章再念一遍.

   The  students  at  the university   have  finished   their  final  exams.  The  fall   semester has  ended  and  the  students  have  begun  their    semester  break.  They  have three weeks to relax before the spring semester begins. The first weekend the weather has been good. It has been warm and it hasn't rained. Most students  have  left  the  university  for  a    vacation.  Some have gone to famous places like New  York  or  San  Francisco  to  see    the  sights.    Others  have  gone  to   the   beaches  in California and Florida. Many students' home are not near the university.  They have taken this chance to visit their families  at  home.  Jenny  has  invited  a    friend  to  come  to  her  home  to meet her family. She has also spent some time with her old  friends from high school.

   好,  現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的三個(gè)問(wèn)題.   回答之后請(qǐng)你跟正確答案比較一下看答對(duì)了沒(méi)有. 現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始.

   第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
   M: How long is the break between the semesters?
   F:  It is three weeks.
   第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
   M: What have students done during the semester break?
   F:  Some of them have gone home. Some of them have gone to famous places to see the
   sights, Some of them have gone to the beaches.
   第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
   M: How did Jenny spend her vacation?
   F:  She has invited a friend to her home. She has seen her parents and visited old friends.