中級(jí)美國(guó)英語(yǔ)以tion和al結(jié)尾的詞匯
一.本課要點(diǎn)及示例
在這一課里, 我們學(xué)習(xí)以 t-i-o- n 結(jié)尾的名詞. 比方 education, introduction, production 等等. 我們還要學(xué)習(xí)以 a-l 結(jié)尾的形容詞, 比方 national, emotional, historical 等等.
首先我們還是聽(tīng)兩位英文老師念一段對(duì)話(huà),內(nèi)容是說(shuō)彼得和瑪麗談起了有一出歌舞劇在紐約上演轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的事情.請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語(yǔ)調(diào).
F: Peter, listen to the lyrics of this song.
M: What's so special about this song?
F: It's from the musical that is so popular in New York right now. Do you like it?
M: Not very much. It sounds too emotional to me.
F: That's why it is so popular. It was recorded by Barbara Martin. I've heard that when she sang this song on stage the opening night, she created quite a sensation.
M: I'm afraid my association with Broadway musicals is rather limited.
F: Well then, you need an introduction. The school drama club is putting on a musical production. Why don't you take me?
M: I have a better idea. Let's go to a jazz concert and I'll give you an education in jazz.
現(xiàn)在我們?cè)俾?tīng)老師把對(duì)話(huà)重念一遍
F: Peter, listen to the lyrics of this song.
M: What's so special about this song?
F: It's from the musical that is so popular in New York right now. Do you like it?
M: Not very much. It sounds too emotional to me.
F: That's why it is so popular. It was recorded by Barbara Martin. I've heard that when she sang this song on stage the opening night, she created quite a sensation.
M: I'm afraid my association with Broadway musicals is rather limited.
F: Well then, you need an introduction. The school drama club is putting on a musical production. Why don't you take me?
M: I have a better idea. Let's go to a jazz concert and I'll give you an education in jazz.
現(xiàn)在我請(qǐng)老師把對(duì)話(huà)里包含了我們今天要學(xué)的字的句子再念一遍給你聽(tīng).
F: It's from the musical that is so popular in New York right now.
M: It sounds too emotional to me.
F: She created quite a sensation.
M: My association with Broadway musicals is rather limited.
F: You need an introduction. The school drama club is putting on a musical production.
M: I'll give you an education in jazz.
二.以TION結(jié)尾的名詞
第一組練習(xí)是比較動(dòng)詞跟以 t-i-o-n 結(jié)尾的名詞. 這些名詞都是由動(dòng)詞演變來(lái)的. 比方 "打算" intend 變成 intention, "申請(qǐng)" apply 變成 application, "競(jìng)爭(zhēng)"compete 變成 competition, "通知" inform 變成 information, "吸引" attract 變成attraction 等等. 現(xiàn)在老師給你念一些句子, 比較這種動(dòng)詞和名詞在用法上的分別. 句子的內(nèi)容主要說(shuō)到我們剛才在對(duì)話(huà)里提到的那位歌舞劇紅星早年是怎么樣到紐約戲劇中心百老匯演歌舞劇的. 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)男老師念句子,并且跟著女老師把句子重復(fù)一遍.
M: New York attracts a lot of people. Broadway musicals are one of its attractions.
F: New York attracts a lot of people. Broadway musicals are one of its attractions.
M: Barbara intended to go to New York. She told her parents about her intention.
F: Barbara intended to go to New York. She told her parents about her intention.
M: They described New York for her. Their description sounded very exciting.
F: They described New York for her. Their description sounded very exciting.
M: She applied for a singing role in a Broadway show. Her application was accepted.
F: She applied for a singing role in a Broadway show. Her application was accepted.
M: She competed with a lot of applicants for the role and won the competition.
F: She competed with a lot of applicants for the role and won the competition.
M: The company informed her of the good news. She was very happy to hear the information.
F: The company informed her of the good news. She was very happy to hear the information.
剛才那些句子說(shuō)明芭芭拉怎么樣在紐約百老匯的一出歌舞劇里找到了演唱的機(jī)會(huì). 我希望你都聽(tīng)懂了. 如果沒(méi)有完全聽(tīng)懂, 不要緊, 現(xiàn)在我們?cè)僮饕唤M練習(xí)換一個(gè)方式把那些句子重復(fù)練習(xí)一遍. 練習(xí)的作法是老師根據(jù)剛才那些句子提出問(wèn)句, 接著老師念出一個(gè)詞組, 學(xué)生就用詞組來(lái)回答問(wèn)題. 下面就是一個(gè)例子:
M: What did Barbara tell her parents?
M: her intention to go to New York
F: She told her parents about her intention to go to New York.
請(qǐng)你跟學(xué)生一起作練習(xí). 同時(shí)特別注意以t-i-o-n結(jié)尾的名詞.
M: What is one of the attractions in New York?
M: Broadway musicals
F: Broadway musicals are one of the attractions in New York.
M: What did Barbara tell her parents?
M: her intention to go to New York
F: She told her parents about her intention to go to New York.
M: What sounded exciting?
M: the description of New York
F: The description of New York sounded exciting.
M: What was accepted?
M: Barbara's application for a job in a Broadway musical
F: Barbara's application for a job in a Broadway musical was accepted.
M: What did she win?
M: the competition for the job
F: She won the competition for the job.
M: What did the company tell her?
M: the information that she was hired
F: The company told her the information that she was hired.
三.以AL結(jié)尾的形容詞
下面我們作一組練習(xí), 學(xué)學(xué)以 a-l 結(jié)尾的形容詞. 這些形容詞都是從名詞演變來(lái)的. 比方 "感情" emotion 變成 "激動(dòng)" emotional,"喜劇"comedy 變成 "滑稽"comical, "戲院" theater 變成"有戲劇性的"theatrical,"音樂(lè)" music 變成 "有音樂(lè)才能" musical 等等. 不過(guò) musical 這個(gè)字也可以當(dāng)名詞用, 意思就是"歌舞劇".下面這組練習(xí)里的句子是說(shuō)到芭芭拉在音樂(lè)和演戲方面的才華. 練習(xí)的作法是由老師念一個(gè)句子, 學(xué)生就跟著念一句. 請(qǐng)你跟學(xué)生一起練習(xí)并且特別注意新詞匯.
M: Barbara loves music. She is very musical.
F: Barbara loves music. She is very musical.
M: She has a career in the musical theatre, because she is also talented in doing theatrical works.
F: She has a career in the musical theatre, because she is also talented in doing theatrical works.
M: Her acting is full of emotion. She can be very emotional when it is necessary.
F: Her acting is full of emotion. She can be very emotional when it is necessary.
M: When she acts in a comedy, she is comical.
F: When she acts in a comedy, she is comical.
M: She studies history before she plays a historical role.
F: She studies history before she plays a historical role.
M: Her performances are sensational. Her shows created a sensation on Broadway.
F: Her performances are sensational. Her shows created a sensation on Broadway.
M: She plays in many cities across the nation. She attracts national attention.
F: She plays in many cities across the nation. She attracts national attention.
下面我們以問(wèn)答的方式重復(fù)練習(xí)剛才那些句子和新詞匯. 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)老師問(wèn)問(wèn)題, 然后跟學(xué)生一起用老師提出的字或是詞組來(lái)回答問(wèn)題.
M: Is Barbara talented in doing theatrical works?
M: yes
F: Yes, she is talented in doing theatrical works.
M: When is she emotional?
M: when she acts
F: She is emotional when she acts.
M: When is she comical?
M: when she acts in a comedy
F: She is comical when she acts in a comedy.
M: When does she study history?
M: before she plays a historical role
F: She studies history before she plays a historical role.
M: Does she give sensational performances?
M: yes
F: Yes, she gives sensational performances.
M: Does she attract national attention?
M: yes
F: Yes, she attracts national attention.
四.復(fù)習(xí)TION結(jié)尾的名詞
下面我們?cè)僮饕唤M練習(xí)多學(xué)學(xué)以 t-i-o-n 結(jié)尾的名詞.這些名詞仍然是動(dòng)詞演變而來(lái)的, 比方 "跟某某人交往" 或是 "跟什么什么有聯(lián)系" associate 變成association,"提升" 或是 "宣傳" promote 變成 promotion, "制作" produce 變成"作品" production, "即興表演" improvise 變成 "即興作品" improvisation 等等.這組練習(xí)的內(nèi)容是說(shuō)芭芭拉在歌舞劇方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和成就. 請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)男老師念句子, 并且跟著女老師把句子再念一遍.
M: Barbara associated with other artists.The close association with them was helpful to her.
F: Barbara associated with other artists.The close association with them was helpful to her.
M: The company promoted her. A lot of money was spent on her promotion.
F: The company promoted her. A lot of money was spent on her promotion.
M: The company produced many shows for her. The productions were successful.
F: The company produced many shows for her. The productions were successful.
M: When she sang she often improvised. Her improvisations were unique.
F: When she sang she often improvised. Her improvisations were unique.
M: The songs she sang were translated into other languages. The translations made the songs popular abroad.
F: The songs she sang were translated into other languages. The translations made the songs popular abroad.
下面我們還是以問(wèn)答方式重復(fù)練習(xí)剛才學(xué)過(guò)的句子和詞匯.現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng)老師根據(jù)剛才那些句子的內(nèi)容問(wèn)問(wèn)題,然后跟學(xué)生一起作肯定的答覆.
M: Did Barbara have close associations with other artists?
F: Yes, she had close associations with other artists?
M: Did the company spend a lot of money for her promotion?
F: Yes, the company spent a lot of money for her promotion?
M: Were the productions produced for her successful?
F: Yes, the productions produced for her were successful.
M: Were the translations of her songs popular?
F: Yes, the translations of her songs were popular.
五.聽(tīng)短文回答問(wèn)題
今天我們要聽(tīng)的文章談到兩種美國(guó)流行歌曲,一種是起源于非洲宗教樂(lè)曲和民謠, 由美國(guó)黑人音樂(lè)家發(fā)揚(yáng)光大的爵士音樂(lè), 一種是以紐約戲劇中心 "百老匯"為大本營(yíng)的美國(guó)歌舞劇.
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽(tīng). 并且注意我們剛才學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯在文章里的用法.
When people talk about American popular music, they don't just mean country music or rock music. There are two other types of popular music with national and international appeal that are basically American. One is Jazz. The other is a musical form associated with New York City theaters. Jazz originated from African religious and folk music. The themes and melodies of jazz music have historical origins. They came from songs sung by black Americans in church or at work. There have been different kinds of jazz music, the blues, ragtime, swing boogie-woogie and others. In playing jazz music, the performers blend rhythms and melodies with their skills of improvisation. Modern jazz music has developed into a complex musical style enjoyed more by musicians and older jazz lovers than by the general public. American theater has developed another American musical style. It is associated with a street in New York City, Broadway. Broadway musicals are dramatic productions in which the story is told partly by dialogue and partly through songs. The lyrics of these songs give background information about the story and express the feelings of the characters in the story. Many Broadway musicals have been made into movies that have been shown all over the world. "Oklahoma", "Sound of Music", "My Fair Lady", and "West Side Story" are some good examples. Songs from these musicals and others have translations in various languages that are sung around the world. Many of them have become popular with people who have not even seen the musicals for which they were written.
現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答三個(gè)問(wèn)題. 每回答一個(gè)問(wèn)題就請(qǐng)你聽(tīng)老師給你念正確答案.
第一個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What are two types of American popular music with international appeal?
F: They are Jazz and Broadway musicals.
第二個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: What are the origins of American Jazz?
F: The origins of American Jazz are the religious and folk music of American blacks.
第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是:
M: How is the story told in American musicals?
F: It is told partly by dialogue and partly through songs.
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