中級美國英語與移民有關(guān)的詞匯
一.本課要點及示例
在這一課里, 我們學(xué)習幾個連接詞, 比方 "既然" since, "雖然" although, "可是"nevertheless, "為了要" in order to 等等. 我們還要談一談有關(guān)移民的事情. 首先我們來聽今天這一課的對話, 內(nèi)容是說凱特跟她的同事比爾談到了學(xué)校里的外國學(xué)生. 請你注意聽英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
M: Kate, how's the new student in your class doing?
F: The kid from Haiti? He's having a rough time communicating since he doesn't speak much English. However, the other kids seem to include him pretty well.
M: Our students are used to new kids who don't speak much English since we have had so many new immigrant families move into our school district.
F: Don't I know it! This year I have had a Vietnamese, an Ethiopian, a Cuban and the kid from Haiti in my class. I spend a lot of time with them after class so that they can catch up.
M: It must have been hard for you since you have to give them special attention in order to help them.
F: It has been. Nevertheless, it's really rewarding to see them progress and make friends.
現(xiàn)在我們再把對話聽一遍. 請你注意聽.
M: Kate, how's the new student in your class doing?
F: The kid from Haiti? He's having a rough time communicating since he doesn't speak much English. However, the other kids seem to include him pretty well.
M: Our students are used to new kids who don't speak much English since we have had so many new immigrant families move into our school district.
F: Don't I know it! This year I have had a Vietnamese, an Ethiopian, a Cuban and the kid from Haiti in my class. I spend a lot of time with them after class so that they can catch up.
M: It must have been hard for you since you have to give them special attention in order to help them.
F: It has been. Nevertheless, it's really rewarding to see them progress and make friends.
現(xiàn)在老師把對話里包含了連接詞的句子再念一遍給你聽
F: He's having a rough time since he doesn't speak much English.
F: However, the other kids seem to include him pretty well.
F: I spend a lot of time with them after class so that they can catch up.
M: You have to give them special attention in order to help them.
F: Nevertheless, it's really rewarding to see them progress and make friends.
二.SINCE
首先我們練習用 since, s-i-n-c-e, since 來表明一件事情的原因. 比方,有一句話"他覺得別扭因為他長得跟別的孩子不同." 這句話英文可以這樣說: He feels awkward since he looks different from the other kids. 現(xiàn)在請你注意聽比爾提出跟海地來的那個學(xué)生有關(guān)系的問題, 比方: Why doesn't he speak English?接著凱特說出原因: He was never taught the language. 請你跟凱特一起這樣回答問題: He doesn't speak Englihs because he was never taught the language.
好, 現(xiàn)在我們開始.
M: Why doesn't he speak English?
F: He was never taught the language.
F: He doesn't speak English since he was never taught the language.
M: Why does he have a rough time communicating?
F: He doesn't speak much English.
F: He has a rough time communicating since he doesn't speak much English.
M: Why doesn't he play with the other kids?
F: He has a rough time communicating.
F: He doesn't play with the other kids since he has a rough time communicating.
M: Why does he feel awkward?
F: He looks different from the other kids.
F: He feel awkward since he looks different from the other kids.
M: Why is he behind?
F: He doesn't understand much English.
F: He's behind since he doesn't understand much English.
三.THEREFORE
下面我們練習用therefore, t-h-e-r-e-f-o-r-e,therefore來表明一件事情的結(jié)果. 比方"他還小, 因此他會很快學(xué)好英文." 這句話可以這樣說: He's young. Therefore he'll pick up English quickly. 現(xiàn)在還是請你注意聽比爾提出一些跟從海地來的那個學(xué)生有關(guān)系的問題, 比方: Will he make friends? 接著凱特說: Yes, the other kids like him. 請你跟凱特一起這樣回答: The other kids like him. Therefore he'll make friends. 現(xiàn)在我們開始.
M: Will he pick up English quickly?
F: Yes, he's young.
F: He's young. Therefore he'll pick up English quickly.
M: Will he catch up?
F: Yes, he studies hard.
F: He studies hard. Therefore he'll catch up.
M: Will he make progress?
F: Yes, He's in the special programs.
F: He's in the special programs. Therefore he'll make progress.
M: Will he be accepted by his classmates?
F: Yes, he's not the only foreign student in his class.
F: He's not the only foreign student in his class. Therefore he'll be accepted.
M: Will he make friends?
F: Yes, the other kids like him.
F: The other kids like him. Therefore he'll make friends.
四.HOWEVER和ALTHOUGH
下面我們作一組練習, 比較連接詞 "然而" however, h-o-w-e-v-e-r, however 跟"雖然" although, a-l-t-h-o-u-g-h, although 在用法上的分別.比方老師念兩個句子,第一個句子是: "他是移民." He's an immigrant. 第二個句子是 "然而他不覺得受排斥." However, he doesn't feel rejected. 學(xué)生就把兩個句子合并成一句, 變?yōu)?nbsp; "雖然他是移民, 但是他不覺得受排斥." Although he's an immigrant, he doesn't feel rejected. 這組練習里的句子都是說到凱特班上那個從海地來的新學(xué)生, 比方他英文說得不好, 又有口音, 可是他不氣餒, 還是設(shè)法跟同學(xué)交往等等. 請你跟學(xué)生一起作練習.
M: He's an immigrant. However, he doesn't feel rejected.
F: Although he's an immigrant, he doesn't feel rejected.
M: He looks different. However, he's accepted.
F: Although he looks different, he's accepted.
M: He has a rough time communicating. However, he isn't discouraged.
F: Although he has a rough time communicating, he isn't discouraged.
M: He cannot express himself clearly. However, he tries to make friends with the other kids.
F: Although he cannot express himself clearly, he tries to make friends with the other kids.
M: He speaks English with an accent. However, the other kids understand him.
F: Although he speaks English with an accent, the other kids understand him.
五.NEVERTHELESS
除了 however 這個字以外, 另外一個字,也就是 nevertheless, n-e-v-e-r-t-h-e-l-e- s-s, nevertheless 也可以用來表示 "然而". 現(xiàn)在我們作一組練習, 一邊學(xué)習這個連接詞的用法, 一邊談一談外國移民移居美國的經(jīng)歷. 練習的作法是老師用 although 作一個句子, 比方 "雖然移居很因難, 但是許多移民還是遷移到美國來了." Although it was difficult to resettle, many immigrants migrated to the United States. 學(xué)生就把句子改成: It was difficult to resettle. Nevertheless, many immigrants migrated to the United States. 這組練習里有些詞匯可能你不熟, 比方 "謀生" make a living, "適應(yīng)" adapt to, "苦難" hardship 等等, 請你跟學(xué)生一起作練習的時候特別注意. 現(xiàn)在開始.
M: Although it was difficult to resettle, many immigrants migrated to the United States.
F: It was difficult to resettle. Nevertheless, many immigrants migrated to the United States.
M: Although they were born in foreign countries, they've become Americans.
F: They were born in foreigh countries. Nevertheless, they've become Americans.
M: Although their English wasn't good, they had other skills to make a living.
F: Their English wasn't good. Nevertheless, they had other skills to make a living.
M: Although it wasn't easy to cope with the new environment, they finally adapted to the new life style.
F: It wasn't easy to cope with the new environment. Nevertheless, they finally adapted to the new life style.
M: Although they suffered hardships, they don't feel regret.
F: They suffered hardships. Nevertheless, they don't feel regret.
六.IN ORDER TO
現(xiàn)在我們學(xué)習用 in order to, i-n o-r-d-e-r t-o, in order to. 這個詞組可以用來表示"為了要".比方有兩句話: "他們移居到新大陸."They migrated to the New World."他們要有新生活." They wanted to have a new life. 這兩句話用 in order to 連接起來就變成:They migrated to the New World in order to have a new life. 現(xiàn)在我們作一組練習, 由老師念兩句話, 學(xué)生就用 in order to 把兩句話變?yōu)橐痪?這組練習的內(nèi)容說的是外國人離鄉(xiāng)背井移居美國的原因. 練習里有些詞匯可能你不熟, 比方 "信仰宗教" to worship a religion. "政治動蕩不安" political unrest, "先進技術(shù)" advanced technology, "團圓" to be united with 等等,請你跟學(xué)生一起作練習的時候特別注意. 現(xiàn)在開始.
M: They migrated to the New World. They wanted to have a new life.
F: They migrated to the New World in order to have a new life.
M: They resettled in America. They wanted to worship their religions freely.
F: They resettled in America in order to worship their religions freely.
M: They moved to the U.S. They wanted to avoid political unrest.
F: They moved to the U.S. in order to avoid political unrest.
M: They relocated in this country. They wanted to study advanced technology.
F: They relocated in this country in order to study advanced technology.
M: They came from their native countries. They wanted to be reunited with their families in the U.S.
F: They came from thier native countries in order to be reunited with their families in the U.S.
七.IN ORDER TO 和 SO THAT 的區(qū)別
下面我們作一組練習比較 in order to 跟 "因此" so that, s-o t-h-a-t, so that 在用法上的分別, 同時也談一談到美國的移民. 練習的作法是老師說: They left their homelands in order to have better working conditions. 學(xué)生就把句子改成: They left their homeland so that they could have better working conditions. 學(xué)生作練習的時候請你也一起作.
M: They migrated to the New World in order to have a new life.
F: They migrated to the New World so that they could have a new life.
M: They resettled in America in order to worship their religions freely.
F: They resettled in America so that they could worship their religions freely.
M: They moved to the U.S. in order to avoid political unrest.
F: They moved to the U.S. so that they could avoid political unrest.
M: They relocated in this country in order to study advanced technology.
F: They relocated in this country so that they could study advanced technology.
M: They left their homelands in order to have better working conditions.
F: They left their homelands so that they could have better working conditions.
八.聽短文回答問題
首先老師給你念一篇文章介紹到美國定居的各國移民, 并且談到美國為什么是個大熔爐. 請你注意聽.
America is a country of immigrants. Nearly the entire population can trace its origins to someplace outside of the U.S. The group of people with the longest period of residence in North America are American Indians. It is believed that they migrated from Asia several thousand years ago. The next people to come to what is now the U.S. were Europeans. They came as colonists between 350 and 250 years ago. Many of these colonists came from England and settled along the Atlantic coast. Other colonists came from Spain and settled in Florida and in the southwestern part of the country. When the colonists had established themselves, large numbers of Africans were forced to come to North America as slaves. Through the 19th century, many immigrants came to the U.S. The earlier ones were largely from Ireland, Germany and other parts of western Europe. Later, many immigrants came from northern and southern Europe and from Asia. In this century many Eastern Europeans have come to the U.S. and more recently thousands of people from Southeast Asia and the Caribbean area have come to live in the U.S. These people have come to the U.S. for many reasons. Some came in order to make better lives for themselves in a new country. Others came so that they could worship their religions more freely. Many immigrants left their homelands because of war, political unrest or bad economic and living conditions. Although most immigrants chose to come to the U. S. themselves, they often suffered hardships getting to the country. The conditions in which many people lived when they first arrived were very difficult. However, most immigrants managed to establish themselves and have good lives in the U.S. The U.S. today is called the melting pot since people who came from different countries have all become Americans.
現(xiàn)在請你回答問題. 你回答之后老師會把正確答案念給你聽.
第一個問題是:
M: Where did American immigrants come from?
F: They came from all over the world.
第二個問題是:
M: What were some of the reasons for immigrants to leave their homelands?
F: Religion, war, political unrest, bad economic and living conditions were some of the reasons for immigrants to leave their homelands.
第三個問題是:
M: Was it difficult for immigrants to get to the U.S.?
F: Yes, it was often difficult.
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