耶魯的"學院"和中國的"學院”有什么不同？是誰發(fā)明的這種住宿方式

今天的這段對話，在討論耶魯的學院，

耶魯的"學院"和中國的"學院”有什么不同？是誰發(fā)明的這種住宿方式

來聽今天的講解:

A: Alice. Here we are. This is my school. Get out of the car.

愛麗絲，我們到了。這就是我就讀的學校。下車吧。

B: Wow, your school looks extraordinary. I have heard a lot about Yale’s primitive simplicity as well as noble characters. I found it really worthy the reputation. Do show me around.

哇，你們學校看起來真氣派。我早就聽說耶魯古樸中透著貴族氣，今日一見，果然名不虛傳。你要帶我好好參觀一下。

A: Sure. Let’s take your luggage to my college first.

那是肯定的。先把你的行李放到我的學院吧。

B: Are there specialized rooms for visitors’ luggage? Or shall we put it in your instructor^ office?

你們學院有專門存放訪客行李的房間嗎？還是放在你輔導員的辦公室里？

A: Alice, there are things which you don’t know. “College” at Yale is not the same as that in Chinese concept. Yale College practices the policy of residential colleges, so “college” is a place for students to eat, live as well as study. It’s a community just like a big family.

愛麗絲,這你就有所不知了。耶魯的"學院"和中國的"學院”可不是同一個概念。 耶魯大學本科生部實行住宿學院制，所以"學院”就是學生們吃飯、住宿、學習 的地方。這樣的集體就像一個大家庭一樣。

B: Still I’m confused. Tell me in detail.

我還是有些困惑。詳細地跟我說說吧。

A:Ok. You know Yale is one of the few universities paying special attention to undergraduate education.

好啊。你知道吧，耶魯是少有的幾所特別重視本科生教育的大學之_。

B: Oh, yeah, I did. That’s what other universities seldom do.

是的，我知道。其他學校很少有這樣的。

A: Yeah. Yale values community sense. Incoming freshmen are assigned to residential colleges, regardless of」）their major. Every residential college has its own master and dean. The master and dean live in the college with their families and eat their meals with students in the dining hall. We have 12 such colleges in total.

是啊。耶魯很重視培養(yǎng)集體意識。大一新生會被隨機分配到各個住宿學院，不論 其專業(yè)。每個住宿學院都有自己的院長和學監(jiān)，他們攜自己的家屬住在學院里， 與學生們一起在餐廳就餐。我們學校一共有12所這樣的學院。

B:Sounds great. Who invented this form of accommodation?

聽起來很棒。是誰發(fā)明的這種住宿方式？

A: Ah, it’s a long story. I know it very well. Please allow me a few seconds to organize my thoughts.

啊，說來話長。這個我很了解。綰我?guī)酌腌姇r間，容我整理一下思緒。

B: Come on. I can’t wait to know more.

快說。我等不及想多了解了解。

A: Ok. In early days, there were only dozens of students when Yale was just a small college. In addition to easy management, students cared for each other and helped each other, and ate and slept together. Naturally, intimate relationships^ formed among students. That’s the Yale spirit.

好的。早期的耶魯是一個小小的學院，只有幾十名學生。除了便于管理之外，學 生們互相關心、互相幫助，吃住在一起。自然而然地，學生之間便形成親密無間 的友誼。這也是耶魯的精神所在。

B:Uh huh. Then I guess with the development of the school, problems arose.

嗯。我猜，隨著耶魯的發(fā)展壯大，問題也隨之而來了吧。

A: You are so smart. In 1920, Yale University had 3,000 students. Housing was at a premium. What’s more, the increased number of students weakened collective consciousness.

你真聰明。1920年的時候，耶魯有3000名學生，住房奇缺。更要緊的是，隨著 學生數量的增加，集體意識也在逐漸減弱。

B: That’s true. Then what was done to solve the problem?

是呀。后來釆取了什么措施呢？

A: Mrs. Stephen V. Harkness donated large sums of money to build a Memorial Quadrangle in memory of her son, Charles Harkness, who was in Class of 1883 and died in 1916.

斯蒂芬.V.哈克尼斯夫人出巨資修建了哈克尼斯紀念方形學院，以此紀念她已故的兒子查爾斯哈克尼斯。查爾斯是耶魯大學1883屆的畢業(yè)生，死于1916年。

B:What a moving story! She must love her son very much.

多么感人的故事啊！她一定很愛她的兒子。

A: Architect James Gamble Rogers was a good friend of the Harkness family and was chosen to plan and supervise the construction. He modeled his plans on the Gothic structures of Oxford University in England. Later, he designed several other colleges as well as Sterling Memorial Library.

建筑師詹姆斯甘保羅杰斯是哈克尼斯家族的摯友，被請來設計、監(jiān)督整個建造 過程。他的設計效仿了英國牛津大學的哥特式建筑風格。后來，他還設計了其他 幾所學院以及斯特林紀念圖書館。

B:I’ve heard of him. He is really a talented architect. What did the Memorial Quadrangle look like?

我聽說過他；他真是一位天才建筑師。紀念方形學院是什么樣子的？

A: The bricks used are old ones from torn down buildings, giving a low-toned soft pink impossible in new bricks. Their origins are diverse. Seam-faced granite, Indiana limestone, and other stones from Idaho, Virginia, and Connecticut were all used in the construction. They number 7 million in total. The flooring, the wainscot，and doors are of oak, while the handrails in the stairways are of India teak.

紀念方形學院所用的都是從拆毀的建筑物所得的舊磚。與新磚不同，舊磚會因褪 色而呈現一種淺粉色。這些磚產地各異。美國花崗巖磚、印第安納州石灰石，以 及產自愛荷華州、維吉尼亞州、康乃狄格州的各種磚塊都囊括其中。一共有700 萬塊呢。地板、壁板、門窗都是橡木做的，而樓梯的扶手則是用印度柚木做的。

B: Wow, I can’t wait to have a look.

哇，我等不及要去看看了。

A: Well, the building had been divided into two parts, the larger part becoming Branford College, and the smaller part being Saybrook College.

哦，紀念方形學院如今被一分為二，較大的一部分是布蘭福學院，較小的叫塞布 魯克學院。

B: Yeah, I remember you said you have 12 residential colleges.

對了，我記得你說過，一共有12所住宿學院呢。

A: That’s right. Even after the Memorial Quadrangle was built, Yale was forced to limit admissions due to a lack of space. The Quadrangle had no library, nor did it include dining facilities. Students had to eat out, some even moved out of the campus because of the inconvenience.

是的。紀念方形學院建成之后，空間仍舊不足，耶魯還是不得不縮減招生名額。 方形學院沒有圖書館，也沒有就餐設施，學生們不得不到外面找地方吃飯。有些 學生感到不方便，甚至搬出學校去住。

B: Then there must be indifference among students as well as teachers.

這樣一來，學生及老師們之間的感情就淡漠了。

A: Yes, indeed. Yale President James Rowland Angel I decided to implement a Residential College system to alleviate5 the housing problem and to make an ever-growing college which is small in size but can make students and teachers intimate.

是的，確實是這樣。后來，耶魯校長詹姆斯羅蘭安杰爾決定打造一個住宿學院 體系，來緩和住宿緊張的問題，并且形成一種自成一體的、規(guī)模較小但是便于成 員之間親密交流的學院形式。

B: That required much money.

那可需要很多資金呢。

A: Edward S. Harkness, younger brother of Charles Harkness, donated the necessary funds to construct eight Residential Colleges. He was an alumnus from Class 1897. In the end, Silliman and Trumbull were constructed with additional money from other sources.

愛德華S哈克尼斯捐錢為耶魯修建了八所住宿學院。他是査爾斯哈克尼斯的弟 弟，也是耶魯1897屆的畢業(yè)生。最后，通過其他渠道的捐款，又建成了西利曼 學院和特朗布爾學院。

B:It seems that donation from alumni plays an extremely important role in Yale history.

看來，校友的捐贈在耶魯歷史中起著至關重要的作用。

A: Exactly. You know, Yale is an independent university from government.

對。要知道，耶魯是一所獨立于政府的私立大學。

B:By the way, how does a “Quadrangle” look like on earth?

對了，“方形學院”到底是什么樣的建筑？

B: A quadrangle is a space which is usually rectangular, the sides of which are entirely or mainly occupied by parts of a large building. It is similar to Chinese Si he yuan, with the architectural styles being different.

就是一片矩形的空間，四面都由一整座連在一起的建筑物圍起來。它與中國的四 含院很像，只是建筑風格不同。

B:I see.

我明白了。

A: By the way, I’m in Branford College, which is of long history. Would you like to visit it first? Then I will show you around one by one.

對了，我住在布蘭福學院，它可是有著悠久的歷史哦。想不想先參觀我們學院啊？ 稍后再帶你一個一個地轉轉。

B:It’s my honor.

榮幸之至。