聊一聊賈瓦哈拉爾尼赫魯讀書和從政的經(jīng)歷

 
聊一聊賈瓦哈拉爾尼赫魯讀書和從政的經(jīng)歷
 
來聽今天的講解:
 
A: Wow, visiting the picture-postcard Trinity College brings me enormous enjoyment.
 
哇，游覽風(fēng)景如畫的三一學(xué)院帶給我極大的享受。
 
B: And speaking of Trinity College, it's the most aristocratic of the Cambridge colleges and it has generally been the academic institution of choice of the Royal Family.
 
說到三一學(xué)院，它是劍橋大學(xué)眾學(xué)院中最高貴的，英國皇室成員通常在此就讀。
 
A: Trinity College has more members than any other colleges in Cambridge, but it has the lowest state school intake of any college. Trinity has a strong academic tradition, with members having won 32 Nobel Prizes.
 
三一學(xué)院的人數(shù)比劍橋大學(xué)中的其他學(xué)院都要多，但是它的錄取率卻是眾學(xué)院中最低的。三一學(xué)院有悠久的學(xué)術(shù)傳統(tǒng)，該學(xué)院的成員獲得過32個諾貝爾獎。
 
B: And I heard that there are many famous alumni in the history of Trinity College.
 
而且我還聽說在三一學(xué)院的歷史上有很多著名的校友。
 
A: Yes, you're quite right. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, is a great example.
 
是的，你說得很對。印度首任總理賈瓦哈拉爾尼赫魯就是一個很好的例子。
 
B: Nehru's father wanted Nehru to get a proper English education and to qualify him for the Indian Civil Services or I.C.S.. So Nehru was sent to Harrow, the elite Public school in England.
 
尼赫魯?shù)母赣H想讓他接受正統(tǒng)的英國教育，讓他有資格參加印度公務(wù)員考試 (I.C.S.)。所以尼赫魯被送進了英格蘭頂尖公學(xué)——哈羅公學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。
 
A: But the young Nehru did not enjoy his schooling at Harrow. He found the school syllabus stifling and the residency conditions unbearable. All students of the school were forced to condition themselves to bath and wash in cold water,
 
但是年輕的尼赫魯并不喜歡在哈羅公學(xué)上學(xué)。他發(fā)覺學(xué)校的教學(xué)大綱枯燥乏味，住宿條件難以忍受。學(xué)校的所有學(xué)生被迫用冷水洗澡。
 
B: After completing school, Nehru took the University of Cambridge entrance examinations in 1907. The same year, he got admission into the University.
 
完成哈羅公學(xué)的學(xué)業(yè)后，尼赫魯在1907車參加了劍橋大學(xué)入學(xué)考試，同年，他順利考人劍橋大學(xué)。
 
A: Jawaharlal Nehru studied natural sciences at Cambridge University. His chosen subjects were physics, chemistry and botany.
 
賈瓦哈拉爾尼赫魯在劍橋大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)自然科學(xué)。他選的科目是物理、化學(xué)和生物。
 
B: He studied the three natural science subjects with only one aim, to pass the Indian Civil Services examination. Nevertheless, Jawaharlal Nehru enjoyed his stay at Cambridge.
 
他學(xué)這三門自然科學(xué)課程只有一個目的——通過印度公務(wù)員考試。不過尼赫魯還是喜歡待在劍橋大學(xué)的。
 
A: Yes. The liberal atmosphere of the University encouraged him to do a host of non- academic activities. Jawaharlal Nehru passed the final Cambridge degree examinations successfully, where he stood second.
 
是的，劍橋大學(xué)的自由氛圍鼓勵他進行了很多的非學(xué)術(shù)活動。尼赫魯成功通過了劍橋大學(xué)畢業(yè)等級考試，排名第二。
 
B: He then studied law at the Inner Temple in London. He returned to India in 1912 and practised law for some years.
 
然后尼赫魯在倫敦的內(nèi)殿法學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)法律。1912年他回到印度，作了幾年律師。
 
A: In 1919, Nehru joined the Indian National Congress which was fighting for greater autonomy from the British. He was heavily influenced by the organisation's leader Mohandas Gandhi.
 
1919年，尼赫魯加入了印度國大黨，該黨當(dāng)時正向英國爭取更大的自治權(quán)。尼赫魯受國大黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)莫罕達斯甘地的影響很大。
 
B: Gandhi set a great example of how to struggle for independence for Nehru, And by the end of World War Two, Nehru was recognised as Gandhi’s successor.
 
甘地為尼赫魯樹立了一個如何爭取獨立的好榜樣。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時，尼赫魯被認為是甘地的接班人。
 
A: But Nehru had suffered from a lot of disasters during the 1920s and 1930s. He was repeatedly imprisoned by the British for civil disobedience.
 
但是在20世紀(jì)20年代到30年代之間，尼赫魯遭受了很多苦難。他因奉行不合作主義而多次被英國當(dāng)局關(guān)進監(jiān)獄。
 
B:He played a central role in the negotiations over Indian independence. He opposed the Muslim League's insistence on the division of India on the basis of religion.
 
尼赫魯在印度獨立的談判中扮演了主要角色。他反對穆斯、聯(lián)盟的提議，不贊同以宗教為基礎(chǔ)對印度進行分冶。
 
A: On 15 August 1947，Nehru became the first prime minister of independent India. He held the post until his death in 1964.
 
1947年8月15日，尼赫魯成為獨立后的印度的首任總理，他一直擔(dān)任總理直到1964年去世。
 
B: By the way, Nehru's daughter Indira Gandhi was the prime minister of the Republic of India for fifteen years until her assassination in 1984.
 
對了，尼赫魯?shù)呐畠河⒓实匾伯?dāng)了15年的印度共和國總理，直到她1984年被刺殺。
 
A: She was India's first, and to date only, female prime minister.
 
她是印度第一位也是至今唯一位女性總理。