英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力文摘 球型屋頂?shù)膴W妙

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巴克敏斯特·福樂(lè)和他的球型屋頂

Ever heard of a man named Buckminster Fuller, or Bucky, as his friends called him? R. Buckminster Fuller was a twentieth century scientist, philosopher, inventor, and was also named a great architect.

Part of what made Bucky so special was his concern for the planet and humanity. When you have a shortage of resources, he said, you get war. Thus, he developed an idea called Comprehensive Anticipatory Design Science. It’s a mouthful, but what it entails is his belief that to solve humanity’s major problems, we have to look forward to the future; we have to anticipate what will become problems as resources diminish, etc.

His goal? Quote: “More and more life support for everybody, with less and less resources.” He was especially interested in developing more efficient housing; that is, a new way of constructing buildings so that they provide more housing space with the use of fewer resources. One solution he came up with in the late 1940′s is the geodesic dome, the invention he is most famous for.

The geodesic dome is a structure shaped like a piece of a sphere. It’s made up of a complex network of triangles, and the more complex this network the closer the comes to the shape of a true sphere. What’s so great about the dome is that it does exactly what Bucky wanted; that is, it has the highest ratio of enclosed area to external surface. In other words, it uses fewer materials to create more housing space.

聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)一個(gè)叫巴克敏斯特·福樂(lè)的人嗎?朋友們常叫他巴基。巴克敏斯特·福樂(lè)是二十世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家，哲學(xué)家，發(fā)明家，同時(shí)他也是一名偉大的建筑師。

他如此特別的部分原因是他很關(guān)心地球和人類。他說(shuō)當(dāng)缺乏資源時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。所以，他開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一種觀念，叫作“全面預(yù)期設(shè)計(jì)科學(xué)”。這個(gè)名字有點(diǎn)拗口，但它需要巴基的信念來(lái)解決人類主要問(wèn)題。我們必須展望未來(lái);我們必須預(yù)期會(huì)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，比如資源減少等等。

他是目標(biāo)?引用一句話：用最少的資源維持更多人的生活。他對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)更高效的住房特別有興趣;那是一種建造房屋的新的方式，用更少的資源提供更多的住房空間。上世紀(jì)40年代末，巴基提出了一個(gè)解決方法，即球型屋頂，這也是他最著名的發(fā)明。

球型屋頂是一個(gè)形狀像球體的結(jié)構(gòu)。它由一個(gè)復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)狀三角形構(gòu)成。網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)越復(fù)雜，建筑物的形狀就越接近于真實(shí)的球體。圓屋頂額偉大之處在于它封閉區(qū)到外部表面的比例最高，那正是巴基想要的效果。換句話說(shuō)，就是用更少的材料建造更多住房空間。