英語(yǔ)
六級(jí)真題模擬
文章
Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science, because other scientists might be able to make advances not foreseen by the data's producers, most are reluctant to post the results of their own labours online. (see Nature 461, 160-163; 2009)
When Wolkovich, for instance, went hunting for the data from the 50 studies in her meta-analysis, only 8 data sets were available online, and many of the researchers whom she e-mailed refused to share their work. Forced to extract data from tables or figures in publications, Wolkovich's team could conduct only limited analyses.
Questions:
1.Why are most researchers reluctant to share their raw data online?
A. They fear data misuse.
B. They want to keep their research secret.
C. They are unaware of the benefits of data sharing.
D. They have limited resources for data sharing.
2.How many data sets were available online for Wolkovich's meta-analysis?
A. 8 sets.
B. 16 sets.
C. 32 sets.
D. 50 sets.
3.What difficulty did Wolkovich's team encounter when trying to access data?
A. The data was not available in digital format.
B. The researchers refused to share their work.
C. The data was not properly organized.
D. The data was too complex to analyze.
【文章概要】
本文討論了盡管許多研究人員普遍認(rèn)為公眾獲取原始數(shù)據(jù)將加速科學(xué)研究的進(jìn)展，因?yàn)槠渌茖W(xué)家可能會(huì)做出數(shù)據(jù)生產(chǎn)者未預(yù)見(jiàn)到的進(jìn)展，但大多數(shù)研究人員仍不愿意將其勞動(dòng)成果在線公開(kāi)分享。文章以Wolkovich為例，她在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)元分析時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)她所需的50項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù)集中，僅有8個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集可以在線獲取。許多她發(fā)郵件聯(lián)系的研究人員拒絕分享他們的工作成果。Wolkovich的團(tuán)隊(duì)不得不從出版物中的表格或圖表中提取數(shù)據(jù)，這限制了他們能夠進(jìn)行的分析范圍。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了科學(xué)界需要更廣泛的數(shù)據(jù)共享，以充分實(shí)現(xiàn)開(kāi)放訪問(wèn)的益處。
【答案解析】
1：為什么大多數(shù)研究人員不愿意在線分享他們的原始數(shù)據(jù)？
A選項(xiàng)（正確）：他們擔(dān)心數(shù)據(jù)被濫用。這是合理的推測(cè)，因?yàn)樵奶岬搅搜芯咳藛T對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)共享的顧慮，但沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)明是出于對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)被濫用的擔(dān)憂，但這是一個(gè)合理的解釋。
B選項(xiàng)：他們想保持他們的研究秘密。原文沒(méi)有提及研究人員有保持研究秘密的動(dòng)機(jī)。
C選項(xiàng)：他們不知道數(shù)據(jù)共享的好處。原文明確提到研究人員普遍同意公開(kāi)數(shù)據(jù)的好處。
D選項(xiàng)：他們?nèi)狈?shù)據(jù)共享的資源。原文沒(méi)有提及資源限制是研究人員不愿意分享數(shù)據(jù)的原因。
2：Wolkovich的元分析中有多少數(shù)據(jù)集可以在線獲取？
A選項(xiàng)（正確）：8個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集。這與原文中提到的“only 8 data sets were available online”相符。
B選項(xiàng)：16個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集。這不是原文中的數(shù)字。
C選項(xiàng)：32個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集。這不是原文中的數(shù)字。
D選項(xiàng)：50個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)集。原文提到Wolkovich正在尋找50項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù)，但并非所有數(shù)據(jù)集都在線可用。
3：Wolkovich的團(tuán)隊(duì)在嘗試獲取數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)遇到了什么困難？
B選項(xiàng)（正確）：研究人員拒絕分享他們的工作。這與原文中提到的“many of the researchers whom she e-mailed refused to share their work”相符。
A選項(xiàng)：數(shù)據(jù)不是以數(shù)字格式提供的。原文沒(méi)有提及數(shù)據(jù)格式的問(wèn)題。
C選項(xiàng)：數(shù)據(jù)沒(méi)有得到妥善組織。原文沒(méi)有提及數(shù)據(jù)組織的問(wèn)題。
D選項(xiàng)：數(shù)據(jù)太復(fù)雜以至于無(wú)法分析。原文提到的是數(shù)據(jù)獲取的問(wèn)題，而不是數(shù)據(jù)分析的復(fù)雜性。
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