英語(yǔ)寫作四大難關(guān)怎么跨？各類話題一句搞定

　　1.英語(yǔ)基本功

　　在寫作備考中要有計(jì)劃地，再合理地把詞匯量增加。多讀范文，若考試時(shí)間更接近了，能夠選擇使用背誦范文的方法，雖然辛苦一點(diǎn)，但是還是有效的。曾經(jīng)一位哲學(xué)家講過(guò)這樣一個(gè)故事，表示人的一生都會(huì)面對(duì)下面的5個(gè)名詞：愛(ài)人、家庭、工作、健康、朋友 (lover, family, career, health, friend )。打個(gè)比方，若將這5個(gè)方面比喻成為五個(gè)球的話，而只有健康屬于玻璃球，另外的4個(gè)全都是橡皮球，即使不小心弄掉了，還是會(huì)反彈回來(lái)，而健康卻是一旦落地，滿盤皆輸，沒(méi)有任何辦法補(bǔ)救。聽過(guò)這樣的故事，你不但很容易弄懂其中的道理，這幾個(gè)英文單詞也不會(huì)離你遠(yuǎn)去了。

　　2.中文式的翻譯

　　有些句子也許只有中國(guó)人才可以理解意思是什么，追究原因即是生硬地翻譯了漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)方式。受漢語(yǔ)文化影響，我們博大精深的語(yǔ)言在大家的腦子里完全的扎根，而人的邏輯思維卻十分的奇怪，只要大家每天的思維習(xí)慣已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成，那么是難以在短期里進(jìn)行改變。外國(guó)人逐漸的又崇拜漢文化，最初在學(xué)習(xí)我們的語(yǔ)言，孔子學(xué)院也應(yīng)因而生，這對(duì)推廣我們的文化是好的，但是托?？荚囀菍?duì)英語(yǔ)的測(cè)試，只有26個(gè)字母。我見(jiàn)過(guò)很多有趣的中文式的翻譯，比如把“黑社會(huì)”翻譯成“black society”，還有把“八卦”說(shuō)成“eight hang”的，等等。

　　建議多聽，當(dāng)然是聽英文。學(xué)語(yǔ)言的順序必須是聽說(shuō)讀寫，聽即是針對(duì)語(yǔ)境與語(yǔ)感一個(gè)好的提升，考生能夠盡量的尋找一些英文的短片來(lái)欣賞，當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的同時(shí)還能娛樂(lè)了自己，一舉兩得。

　　3.套路化痕跡明顯

　　這里的套路，就是templates。大部分老師當(dāng)授課過(guò)程里有意的寫作套路突出，而學(xué)生同樣用盡辦法背誦寫作套路，導(dǎo)致展現(xiàn)在閱卷官面前的作文框架甚至很多語(yǔ)句千篇一律、如出一轍，最后把分?jǐn)?shù)影響了。模板固然有用，但對(duì)于first draft的觀念，文章的亮點(diǎn)就看不到了。

　　建議考生能夠暫時(shí)把托?？荚嚪畔拢瑥腷log或者日記開始，每天都使用英文做托福寫作練習(xí)，盡可能的將自己對(duì)社會(huì)的情緒和對(duì)學(xué)校的不滿寫出來(lái)，發(fā)泄出來(lái)。此練習(xí)會(huì)使大家的文章逐漸符合first draft的要求。

　　4.通篇框架散亂

　　此要求在練習(xí)里慢慢的提升。我們?cè)趯懽髦?，特別是對(duì)于task2，關(guān)鍵的工作即是構(gòu)思。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在3-4分鐘時(shí)間之內(nèi)，大家要求有一個(gè)相對(duì)合理的構(gòu)思與一個(gè)絕對(duì)穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果兩者都做到了，整個(gè)文章的框架就自然很清晰了。

　　通?？忌霈F(xiàn)文章框架混亂會(huì)有下面的原因：有些并未做完整的審題和構(gòu)思練習(xí)，文章寫的內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu)都十分的凌亂;還有的是文章結(jié)構(gòu)很好，但當(dāng)大家構(gòu)思時(shí)太過(guò)匆忙或者緊張，論證不夠完整，舉例也不合理。這些也是一般中國(guó)考生在考試中最常出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。　　

　　下面，小編就為大家整理了托福獨(dú)立題目中常涉及到的概念并給出難易適度的定義。無(wú)論是開頭(“天下大勢(shì)”型)還是主體段落(“explanation”部分中的“下定義”工具)都能祭出這招，而且用的得當(dāng)?shù)脑?，效果非常不錯(cuò)，也可以有效填充文章內(nèi)容。

　　“科技”定義：

　　Technology is the activity or study of using scientific knowledge for practical purposes in industry, farming, medicine, business, etc.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Technology designed to make our life simpler actually makes our life more complicated.

　　“電話”定義：

　　The telephone is a technology of communication that makes it possible for people to talk directly to someone else in a different place.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Telephone has had greater effects on people's lives than television.

　　“電視”定義：

　　Television, a communicative medium sending and receiving pictures and sounds by electrical signals, has become a traditional form of mass media and part of the modern culture.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　The purpose of television should be all educative, not entertaining.

　　“電影”定義：

　　Movies, moving pictures that can tell stories or show reality, have become a mainstream form of art and an important way of entertainment.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Movies and TV have more negative effects than positive effects on the way young people behave.

　　“電子書”定義：

　　An electronic book refers to a book-length publication in digital form.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　In twenty years from now, students will not use printed books anymore.

　　“旅行”定義：

　　Travel means one’s moving from a familiar place to another or to several places.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Which way is the best for students to make new friends: joining a sport team, participating in community activities, or travelling?

　　“體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”定義：

　　Sports are games such as football, tennis and other activities which need physical effort and skill.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Sports can teach people important lessons on the understanding of life.

　　“社會(huì)生活”定義：

　　Social life consists of the activities in which people socialize, for example in their houses or at parties.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　It is more important for schools to fund their students’ social activities than to improve students’ meals.

　　“社交技能”定義：

　　Social skill is any skill facilitating interaction and communication with others.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Students should not take part-time jobs while they are studying in universities.

　　“建議”定義：

　　If people give you advice, they tell you what they think you should do in a particular situation.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Getting advice from people who are older than you is more valuable than from people of your age.

　　“政府”定義：

　　A government is the group of people who are responsible for governing a country for a particular time.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　People can solve important problems by themselves or with the help from their family members so there's no need for the government to help them.

　　“教育”定義：

　　Education is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Improving schools is the most important factor in the successful development of a country.

　　“大學(xué)”定義：

　　A university is an institution where students study for degrees and where academic research is done.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　For the successful development of a county, a government should focus its budget more on the education of very young children (5—10 years old) rather than on university.

　　“教授”定義：

　　A professor is a scholarly teacher whose duty consists of both teaching and doing research.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　It is more important for professor to teach students than to do researches.

　　“藝術(shù)”和“藝術(shù)家”定義：

　　Art is the creation and production of paintings, drawings, sculptures, etc., when these things are considered to be beautiful or to express in a unique way a particular idea or meaning.

　　Artists are people who create and produce works of art as their jobs or hobbies.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　The government should support artists rather than let them support themselves.

　　“經(jīng)濟(jì)”定義：

　　版本一：An economy is the system according to which the money, industry, and trade of a country or region are organized.

　　版本二：A country’s economy is the wealth that it gets from business and industry.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Governments should focus more on preservation of environment rather than economic development.

　　“醫(yī)療”定義：

　　Health care is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, etc. in humans.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　When in times of economy crisis, government should spend less money on which part? Education, Health Care or support for unemployed?

　　“音樂(lè)”定義：

　　Music consists of sounds that are put together in a pattern and performed by people either using instruments or singing in order to give them pleasure.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Young children (aged 5-10) should be required to learn music and art in addition to math, science, history and language.

　　“工作”定義：

　　A job is an activity one does regularly for payment.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　A secure job with lower pay is better than a job with higher pay but easy to lose.

　　“社會(huì)”定義：

　　版本一：A society is the people who live in a country or region, their organizations, and their way of life.

　　版本二：Society is people in general, thought of as a large organized group.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　The most important problems affecting our society today could be solved within our lifetime.

　　“文化”定義：

　　Culture consists of the ideas, customs, and art that are produced or shared by a particular society.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Movies and TV programs produced in our own country are more interesting than foreign ones.

　　“環(huán)境”定義：

　　The environment is the natural surroundings in which people live.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Environmental issues are too complex for individuals to deal with.

　　“樂(lè)觀”定義：

　　Optimism is the feeling of being hopeful about the future and the belief that a particular situation or course of action will be successful.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Do you think success is important, or it is more important to remain happy and optimistic when you fail?

　　“耐心”定義：

　　Patience is one’s ability to control his/her feelings so that he/she does not get annoyed, even in situations which other people would find annoying or frustrating.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Patience is usually not a good strategy. We should take action now rather than later.

　　“交流”定義：

　　Communication is the activity or process of giving information to other people, using signals such as speech, body movements, or online messages.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Communication skill is the most important characteristic of successful leadership.

　　“公司”定義：

　　A company is a business organization that exists in order to make money by selling goods or services.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Businesses should hire their employees for their entire life.

　　“廣告”定義：

　　Advertising is the activities of showing products, events or jobs in public in order to encourage people to buy the products, go to the events, or apply for the jobs.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　In order to succeed, a company should invest a great amount of money in advertising.

　　“父母”定義：

　　Our parents are people who give us life, parenting and upbringing.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Parents spend too much time in deciding what their children do in the future; children should make their own choices.

　　“家庭教育”定義：

　　Family education is the first education one receives, and in large part determines his/her characters and capabilities.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Parents today are more involved in their children’s education than in the past.

　　“博物館”定義：

　　A museum is a building where a large number of interesting and valuable objects, such as works of art or historical items, are kept, studied, and displayed to the public.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　Visiting museums is the best way to learn about a country.

　　“寵物”定義：

　　A pet is an animal that you keep in your home to give you company and pleasure.

　　可能用到的題目：

　　The best way to teach a child responsibility is to let him/her keep an animal.

　　關(guān)于這些句子的使用方法，還要補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明一下：

　　假如能完整記憶下所有句子，自然是最理想狀態(tài)，但是也不用非得費(fèi)勁這么做。

　　第一，可以結(jié)合托福機(jī)經(jīng)，有針對(duì)性地在考前挑選組合特定的一些概念來(lái)記;第二，很多定義我們只需讀熟，對(duì)定義的內(nèi)容有所了解，能夠?qū)懗龃笾潞x，并不要求一字不差地背會(huì)所有句子。托福作文中的下定義，并不要求像詞典那么準(zhǔn)確，不用擔(dān)心。