托福獨(dú)立寫作中常見的審題誤區(qū) 不要忽略關(guān)鍵詞

　　審題，是寫作的第一步，卻經(jīng)常被大家所忽略。有太多考生只著眼于如何寫出漂亮的句子和高級(jí)的詞匯，而沒有搞清寫作的本質(zhì)--考察學(xué)生針對(duì)某一話題進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確連貫表述的能力。這也是為什么很多同學(xué)雖然英語不弱，在托福考試的獨(dú)立部分中卻只能拿到 fai r或 good 當(dāng)中較低的4分。那么到底怎樣才能更加容易地拿到獨(dú)立寫作的滿分呢? 筆者今天將通過列舉以往考過的真題進(jìn)行解析，告訴大家如何審題，換句話說，如何使高分變得更加achievable。

　　同學(xué)們考寫作考了這么多年，大多數(shù)出題的形式都已爛熟于心，看到題目之后覺得熟悉于是興沖沖提筆就寫，其實(shí)，這種看似"熟練"的表象下藏著巨大的隱患--同學(xué)們很有可能因?yàn)榭吹锰於雎阅硞€(gè)決定題目意思的關(guān)鍵詞。例如：

　　例1：

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising is the only main cause for people's unhealthy eating habits.

　　看到這個(gè)題目，同學(xué)們立刻會(huì)開始想，有沒有other reasons for unhealthy habits，想出三條如：1. People's tight schedules do not allow them to eat at regular hours; 2. Sometimes people are eager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go on "endless diets"; 3. Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some consider eating constantly as their most effective stress reliever. 綜上所述，advertising is not the only cause.

　　這個(gè)寫法看起來非常完備，但其實(shí)犯了一個(gè)不起眼卻嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤--題目不是要我們證明it is not the only cause，而是要我們?nèi)プC明it is not the only main cause。多一個(gè)"main"，意思是很不一樣的。如果我們只需要證明it is not the only cause，那么找出other causes即可即例1中的寫法。但是，如果我們要證明it is not the only main cause，就需要證明other causes that we mentioned are also main causes，這就需要在每一段中加上一些專門的說明?；蛘?，更簡單的辦法是去證明advertising is not even a cause, 直接在每段的末尾加上advertising與該段所論述的unhealthy eating habit無關(guān)的論述即可。If it is not a cause, how can it be the onlymain cause? 這樣一來，就不用通過證明還有其他main cause來反駁了，事實(shí)上，證明某種cause是main cause還是挺有難度的，因此筆者推薦同學(xué)們用后一種方式進(jìn)行論述。因此，文章還是disagree，而三段的主題句分別應(yīng)該是：1、1. People's tight schedules do not allow them to eat at regular hours, and it is obvious that they are too busy to be influenced by advertising; 2. Sometimes people are eager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go on "endless diets", and this is more like a result of human nature, the pursuit of beauty, but not advertising; 3. Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some consider eating constantly as their most effective stress reliever, and it is quite clear that no advertising encourages them to do so.