托福寫作常用替換詞使用方法（3）

　　1. 有害的 harmful

　　(1) damaging ['dæm?d???]：造成破壞的;有害的;損害的

　　Many chemicals have a damaging effect on the environment.

　　許多化學(xué)物質(zhì)都對(duì)環(huán)境有破壞性的影響。

　　(2) ruinous ['ru??n?s]：耗資巨大的;無法承擔(dān)的;破壞性的;導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重問題的

　　The decision has proved to be ruinous.

　　事實(shí)證明這個(gè)決定造成了危害。

　　(3) destructive [d?'str?kt?v]：破壞性的;極其危險(xiǎn)的

　　The city witnessed the destructive force of the storm.

　　這座城市遭受了這場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨的巨大破壞力。

　　2. 困難的 difficult

　　(1) demanding [d?'mɑ?nd??]：要求高的;需要高技能(或耐性等)的;費(fèi)力的;要求極嚴(yán)的

　　He found he could no longer cope with his demanding job.

　　他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已無力應(yīng)對(duì)這份勞神費(fèi)力的工作了。

　　(2) laborious [l?'b??r??s]：耗時(shí)費(fèi)力的;辛苦的

　　They had the laborious task of cutting down the huge tree.

　　他們要完成砍伐大樹的艱苦工作。

　　(3) formidable ['f??m?d?b(?)l]：可怕的;令人敬畏的;難對(duì)付的

　　A formidable prospect lies ahead of him.

　　他的前景令人憂懼。

　　He took on the formidable task of reforming the whole system.

　　他承擔(dān)起改革整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的艱巨任務(wù)。

　　3. 無聊的 boring

　　(1) dull [d?l]：枯燥無味的;沉悶的;無聊的;不明亮的

　　The conference was deadly dull.

　　會(huì)議開得死氣沉沉的。

　　(2) tiresome ['ta??s(?)m]：令人厭倦的;無聊的;累人的

　　I find it very tiresome doing the same job day after day.

　　日復(fù)一日做相同的工作讓我覺得非常無聊。

　　(3) tedious ['ti?d??s]：冗長(zhǎng)的;啰唆的;單調(diào)乏味的;令人厭煩的

　　He that can read and meditate will not find his evenings long or life tedious.

　　會(huì)讀書和思考的人不會(huì)感到長(zhǎng)夜無聊或者生活乏味。

　　4. 憂慮的 worried

　　(1) anxious ['æ?(k)??s]：憂慮的;渴望的;焦急的

　　I'm anxious for her to do as little as possible.

　　我盼她盡量少干。

　　He was anxious about the enormity of the task ahead.

　　他為眼前任務(wù)的艱巨性而感到焦慮。

　　(2) apprehensive [æpr?'hens?v] 憂慮的;擔(dān)心的;疑懼的;恐懼的

　　She was deeply apprehensive that something might go wrong.

　　她很擔(dān)心可能要出什么差錯(cuò)。

　　The long delay had made me quite apprehensive.

　　長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的耽擱使我相當(dāng)憂慮。

　　(3) fraught [fr??t] 充滿(不愉快事物)的;焦慮的;憂慮的;擔(dān)心的

　　You're looking very fraught, Mildred! Is there anything the matter?

　　米爾德麗德!看起來你憂心忡忡，有什么不對(duì)勁嗎?

　　It has been a somewhat fraught day.

　　這是令人頗為擔(dān)憂的一天。

　　5. 沮喪的 sad

　　(1)depressed [d?'prest] 抑郁的;沮喪的;意志消沉的;患抑郁癥的

　　The news that he had not pass the exam depressed him a lot.

　　沒有通過考試的消息讓他很沮喪。

　　She felt very depressed about the future.

　　她感到前途無望。

　　(2) gloomy ['glu?m?] 黑暗的;陰暗的;幽暗的;憂郁的

　　The light is gloomy in the farm house , but the children study very very conscientiously .

　　農(nóng)舍里光線灰暗，但孩子們學(xué)習(xí)很很認(rèn)真。

　　They found him in gloomy, downbeat mood.

　　他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他情緒低落，無精打采。

　　(3) frustrated [fr?'stre?t?d] 挫敗的;失意的;受挫折

　　The police frustrated the bandit's attempt to rob the bank.

　　警方挫敗了匪徒搶劫銀行的企圖。

　　6. 懷疑的 doubtful

　　(1) skeptical ['skept?k?l] 懷疑地;心存疑惑地;將信將疑地

　　However, I encourage you to be skeptical about what I tell you.

　　但是，我鼓勵(lì)你們懷疑我所告訴你們的東西。

　　Many were skeptical about this solution.

　　許多人對(duì)這一解決辦法表示懷疑。

　　(2) suspicious [s?'sp???s] 感覺可疑的;懷疑的;令人懷疑的;不信任的

　　The ingenuous person had never thought of being suspicious of what others told him.

　　天真的人從來不會(huì)懷疑他人告訴他的話。

　　Most organizations are, quite understandably, suspicious of new ideas.

　　大多數(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)新想法持懷疑態(tài)度，這不難理解。

　　(3) incredulous [?n'kredj?l?s]

　　She gave me an incredulous glance.

　　她表示懷疑地向我瞥了一眼。

　　另一類是邏輯詞匯，在托福獨(dú)立寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，邏輯是被重點(diǎn)提到的哦!

　　An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:

　　1. Effectively addresses the topic and task.

　　2. Well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and /or details.

　　3. Displays unity, progression, and coherence.

　　4. Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.