托福寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)法：如何深入表達(dá)

　　The situation that resulted in my grandfather’s not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm.

　　從意思上來(lái)分析，上面這句話(huà)需要表達(dá)的重要的概念是“grandfather’s not being able to　study”，而在表達(dá)這個(gè)概念時(shí)，原句用的主語(yǔ)是situation，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是was，不能強(qiáng)調(diào)需要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)概念，可以改為下面這句話(huà)：

　　My grandfather couldn’t study engineering because his father needed help on　the farm.

　　2.避免頻繁使用“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)，例如下面的句子：

　　There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day.It was hard work for my grandfather.

　　可以改為：My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.

　　更簡(jiǎn)潔的句式為：

　　My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily.

　　3.把從句改為短語(yǔ)或單詞。例如：

　　Dairy cows were raised on the farm， which was located 100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.

　　簡(jiǎn)介的表達(dá)方式為：

　　The dairy farm was located in a remote area， 100 kilometers to the nearest university.

　　4.僅在需要強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)而不是主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，才使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：

　　In the fall， not only did the cows have to be milked， but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather’s family.

　　本句不夠簡(jiǎn)潔的原因是本句的重心應(yīng)該是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather’s

　　family”，而使用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，仿佛重心變成了cows和hay。下面的表達(dá)方式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)更簡(jiǎn)潔一些：

　　In the fall， my grandfather’s family not only milked the cow but also mowed　and stacked the hay.

　　5.用更為精確的一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，例如下面這句話(huà)：

　　My grandfather didn’t have time to stand around doing nothing with his　school friends.

　　Stand around doing nothing其實(shí)可以用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)，即loiter：My grandfather didn’t have time to loiter with his school friends.

　　6.有時(shí)兩句話(huà)的信息經(jīng)過(guò)組合完全可以用一句話(huà)來(lái)簡(jiǎn)練地表達(dá)，例如：

　　Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet　the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university　degree.

　　兩句話(huà)的信息可以合并為下面這句更為簡(jiǎn)潔的句子：

　　Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses，let alone pay for a university degree.