論證方法實例分析1
例如:
1. Firstly,the wide application of the Internet dramatically boosts the convenience and efficiency of acquiring knowledge for people.(中心句)2.In the times without the Internet,the main way to be well-educated was attending schools.3.But the scarcity of educational resources enabled only a few elites to do it.4.Thanks to the Internet technology,the knowledge gets across among people regardless of time and space.5.For example,Khan Academy,an innovative online educational company,offers high-quality and free-of-charge cramming courses involving mathematics,physics and other high school subjects.6.Another renowned program called “Coursera” cooperates with top universities and puts online real lectures of top-notch professors for people to learn from at no cost.
整個段落一共6句話,第一句話是中心句,第二句到第四句是對比論證(沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)的時候VS有了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的時候),第五句和第六句是兩個例子。
論證方法實例分析2
再如:
1.In the first place,job satisfaction is becoming increasingly important in contemporary society.2.Due to the fierce competition and social pressure,whether workers can attain satisfaction in their positions determines how hardly they work,which also determines how many profits the company will get.3.My brother can be cited as a good example.4.At first,he worked in an international company which cared nothing for its employees but profits.5.He was forced to work for extra hours without extra salary in regular working time, which generated extreme tiredness and dissatisfaction.6.As a result,he soon changed the job into a more satisfying one which has more vacation,better working environment and more friendly relationships between colleagues.7.Now,my brother enjoys his job which creates great job satisfaction for him and works more assiduously.
整個段落一共7句話,第一句仍然是中心句,第二句用的是因果論證,第三句開始舉了具體的個人例子。
因此,當中心句寫完之后,到底寫點什么來支撐一個段落的字數(shù),考生可以從論證方法這個概念去思考。例如Body 1中心句之后可以先用因果論證,帶一下原因,再將結(jié)果層層遞進寫幾句話,結(jié)束之后字數(shù)肯定不夠,那就想一下還有一種論證方法叫舉例論證,能不能編一個例子出來。同理,Body 2還是先寫中心句,接下來寫一句因果,寫一句對比(正反假設(shè)),最后再來一組例子。簡而言之,我們在思考的時候從論證方法出發(fā),但是呈獻給考官看的還是內(nèi)容。論證方法只是便于我們快速想到寫的內(nèi)容的方向,總比絞盡腦汁直接想內(nèi)容要簡單得多。
如何讓段落邏輯清晰?
在了解了怎樣以最快速度想出理由段寫點什么內(nèi)容之后,還需要注意的一個問題是,有些人能“條理清晰地扯”,有些人“扯出了一團漿糊”。那么怎樣才能讓考官看著覺得這個段落邏輯清晰呢?筆者在看了很多官方范文及學(xué)生的高分文章后,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個規(guī)律,好的文章段落有一個共同的邏輯層次,即由抽象到具體,上文兩個段落的層次安排也是按照這樣來進行的,中心句結(jié)束后進行解釋,最后搬上例子。這樣看來,文章理由段的寫法也非常簡單,按照上面的安排操作即可,根據(jù)論證方法配以具體的內(nèi)容,一個段落就能輕松完成了。在此要強調(diào)的是,新托福作文中,主體段的例子是非常重要的,考生應(yīng)該做到每一個段落都要有例子支持,當然并不一定是具體某個人的例子,可以是引用的研究結(jié)果,也可以使用排比的句式寫出一組列舉的例子。