Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
The typical preindustrial family not only had a good many children，but numerous other dependents as well—grandparents，uncles，aunts and cousins.Such “extended” families were suited for survival in slow paced _36_ societies.But such families are hard to__37___.They are immobile.
Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs，and to move again whenever necessary.Thus the extended family 38 shed its excess weight and the so called “nuclear” family emerged—a stripped—down，portable family unit___39___0nly of parents and a small set of children.
This new style of family, far more___40___than the traditional extended family，became the standard model in all the industrial countries.Super-industrialism，however, the next stage of ec0—technological development，___41___ even higher mobility.Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process，a step further by remaining children，cutting the family down to its more___42___components，a man and a woman.Two people，perhaps with matched careers，will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status，through job changes and geographic relocations，than the ordinarily child—cluttered family.A___43___maybe the postponement of children，rather than childlessness.Men and women today are often torn in___44___between a commitment to career and a commitment to children.In the future，many___45___will side aside this problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.
答案：
36.【解析】 J。此處應填形容詞，修飾名詞societies。文章第一句就說The typical pre-industrial family…“工業(yè)化之前的典型家庭模式……”，也就是“extended” family，存在于工業(yè)化之前的社會，即agricultural society。選項中的primary society“原始社會”不符合原文意思。
37.【解析】A。由be hard to do sth.可知，此處應填動詞原形。根據(jù)They are immobile“這樣的家庭很 難流動”，可知只有transplant“遷居，遷移”符合文意。
38.【解析】C。此處應填副詞，修飾動詞shed。選項中的副詞有gradually和continually，原文中…and the So-called “nuclear” family emerged“所謂的‘核心家庭’便出現(xiàn)了”，emerge意為“浮現(xiàn)”，強調(diào)經(jīng)過一 個過程后出現(xiàn)的。由此可以判斷核心家庭從無到有逐漸出現(xiàn)，而不是連續(xù)不斷地出現(xiàn)，故選擇gradually。
39.【解析】O。此處需填表示“包含，由……組成”的詞。選項中的including和consisting均可以表示此意， 但由原文中的of可排除includin9，consist of為固定搭配。
40.【解析】H。由more…than可知，此處應填形容詞，構成形容詞的比較級結構。前面提到the traditional extended family是immobile，那么新型的家庭模式應該更具有流動性，故應選H。
41.【解析】M。此處缺少謂語動詞。根據(jù)下文可以推測super-industrialism“(更發(fā)達的)超級工業(yè)化”需要更具流動性的家庭。空格處應填表示“需要，需求”的詞。故選requires，表示出自一種迫切的需要 而提出的要求。
42.【解析】E。此處應填形容詞，用來修飾名詞components。文中說明家庭被減縮到由男人和女人組成。選項中的E)elemental“基本的，本質(zhì)的”，而N)primary“主要的，最早的”，原文強調(diào)的是男人和女人是一個家庭最basic的組成部分，故E)更符合原文意思。
43.【解析】L。此處應填名詞。晚要孩子，而不是不要孩子，是解決工作和孩子的折中的辦法，故選項中的L)compromise“妥協(xié)，折中”符合文意。而solution雖然也表示解決辦法，但不能表達夫婦們 無可奈何的心情，故排除。
44.【解析】F。上題中已提到工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾，故選conflict。
45.【解析】I。此處需填名詞。空格后講到養(yǎng)育孩子的問題，那么要解決這個問題應是夫妻兩人，故這里應填I)couples。
