英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀模擬實(shí)戰(zhàn) 15

15

All types of stress study, whether under laboratory or real-life situations, study mechanisms for increasing the arousal level of the brain.

The brain blood flow studies show that reciting the days of the week and months of the year increases blood flow in appropriate areas, whereas problem solving which demands intense concentration of a reasoning type produces much larger changes in the distribution of blood in the brain.

Between these basic studies of brain function and real life situations there is still a considerable gap, but reasonable deduction seems possible to try and understand what happens to the brain. Life consists of a series of events which may be related to work or to our so-called leisure time. Work may be relatively automatic—as with typing, for instance, it requires intense concentration and repetition during the learning phase to establish a pattern in the brain. Then the typist's fingers automatically move to hit the appropriate keys as she reads the words on the copy.

However, when she gets tired she makes mistakes much more frequently. To overcome this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration but beyond a certain point the automatic is lost and thinking about hitting the keys leads to more mistakes.

Other jobs involve intense concentration such as holding bottles of wine up to a strong light and turning them upside down to look for particles of dirt falling down. This sounds quite easy but experience teaches that workers can do this for only about thirty minutes before they start making a mistake. This is partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the bottle is low and the arousal level, therefore, fails. Scientists have shown that devices to raise arousal level will increase the accuracy of looking for relatively rare events. A recent study of the effect of loss of sleep in young doctors showed that in tests involving a challenge to their medical judgment when short of sleep they raised their arousal level and became better at tests of grammatical reasoning as well.

1.According to the brain blood flow studies, problem solving _______.

A.increases blood flow in some areas of the brain

B.causes changes in the distribution of blood in the brain

C.demands intense concentration of blood in certain areas

D.is based on the ability to recite the time

2.The author believes that _______.

A.the results obtained in the laboratory exactly reflects the real-life situations

B.the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations is too large to fill up

C.the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations can be closed by proper reasoning

D.the difference between the laboratory studies and real-life situations will be reduced

3.When a typist gets tired, _______.

A.she has to try hard to raise her automatic　　B.she can type only automatically

C.she cannot think about what she is doing　　D.she can seldom type automatically

4.Examining bottles of wine is hard work because _______.

A.the bottles must be held upside down　B.it is difficult to see the particles of dirt

C.it requires high level of automatic　　　D.most bottles are all right

5.According to the author, a key factor in the ability to reason is _______.

A.the subject's knowledge of grammar

B.the amount of sleep the subject has had

C.the level of arousal of the subject

D.the extent to which the subject has been taught to reason