The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northern most state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagements, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.
1.The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's______.
A.operating costs B.employees C.consumers D.construction
2.The italicized word "it" (Line 3, Para. 1) refers to______.
A.pipeline B.ocean C.state D.village
3.The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT the______.
A.climate B.lay of the land itself
C.local vegetation D.kind of soil and rock
4.How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?
A.3. B.4. C.8. D.12.
5.Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay?
A.How much oil field land each company owned.
B.How long each company had owned land in the oil fields.
C.How many people worked for each company.
D.How many oil wells were located on the company's land.
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1.【答案】D。
【解析】本題考查的是文章的主要內(nèi)容?？傆[全文，D項為正確答案。
2.【答案】A。
【解析】本段后面的幾個it指的是管道，這可以從第一句的“The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean.”推出。因此A項正確。
3.【答案】 C。
【解析】根據(jù)文中內(nèi)容可知，C項不是決定管道路線時的重要因素。
4.【答案】C。
【解析】本題四個選項中只有C項正確。這可以從文中第四段的“In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs.”推出。
5.【答案】A。
【解析】本題四個選項中只有A項正確。這可以從文中第四段的“Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings.”推出。
