2022年12月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀真題以及答案（二）

英語四級閱讀，作為大學(xué)英語能力的重要評估指標(biāo)，不僅檢驗(yàn)了學(xué)生對詞匯、語法的掌握，更考察了其閱讀理解和信息篩選的能力。在全球化背景下，提升這一能力對于拓寬視野、增進(jìn)跨文化交流至關(guān)重要。今天，小編將分享2022年12月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀真題以及答案（卷二），希望能為大家提供幫助！

Section A

Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordforeach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Fach choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Parenting brings fathers more joy than it does mothers,according to a new study.The research examined three studies  26  more than 18,000 participants.Across all three,parenthood was  27  with more positive wellbeing outcomes for dads than for mums.

So why are fathers happier than mothers?“Fathers may fare beter than mothers in part dueto how theyspend time  with their children,”said lead author Katherine Nelson-Coffey.In one study,the authors  28  that dads were more likely to take“playing”as an  29  activity both when caring for their kids and spending time with  their kids.“Playing with their children likely offers parents opportunities to experience positive feelings and  30  closeness with their children,”they say.

Fathers also did better than menwithout kids,reporting greater happiness,life satisfaction,and fewer  31  symptoms.They also reported greater connectedness and autonomy(自主) .For mums, 32  ,compared to women without children,the results weren't quite as positive.Mums reported greater autonomy,but also"greater trouble"and fewer positive  33  .

Mums reported happier moods while interacting with their kids,compared to other experiences,but not while engaging  34  in childcare.“This difference suggests that how mothers and fathers spend time with their  children mighthave important  35  for their wellbeing,”the authors write.They suspect that mums may be less happy than dads because they're more likely to have higher expectations about parenthood.As such,they're more likely to be“l(fā)et down”by the experience.

A)additional      I)implications

B)associated      J)interfered

C)composing       K)involving

D)cultivate       L)note

E)depressive      M)precisely

F)directly       N)superficial

G)emotions       O)therefore

H)however

答案解析

26.K)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，這項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了3項(xiàng)_____1.8萬多名參與者。由句意可知，這3項(xiàng)研究共有1.8萬多名參與者，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“包括，涉及”意義的動詞，由此確定答案為K)involving。備選的動詞-ing形式中，C)composing一般與of連用構(gòu)成短語be composed of“組成”, 因此排除。

27.B)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，在這3項(xiàng)研究中，相較于母親，對父親來說，養(yǎng)育孩子與更多積極的幸福效果_____。將備選項(xiàng)中的associated 代人句中，構(gòu)成 be associated with“與……有關(guān)”符合句意，因此答案為B)associated.備選的其他詞不能與with構(gòu)成搭配，因此排除。

28.L)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，在一項(xiàng)研究中，作者們_____,父親在照顧孩子和陪伴孩子時更有可能把“玩耍”作為一項(xiàng)活動。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語應(yīng)為動詞原形，將備選動詞原形分別代入句中，只有L)note 符合句意故為答案。

29.A )【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，父親在照顧孩子和陪伴孩子時，更有可能把“玩?！弊鳛橐豁?xiàng)_____活動。在備選項(xiàng)中，只有additional“額外的”符合句意，由此確定答案為A)additional. 在備選項(xiàng)中，B)associated“有關(guān)聯(lián)的”也是以元音 音素開頭的形容詞，但是不符合句意，因此排除。

30.D)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，和孩子一起玩可能會給父母提供體驗(yàn)積極情感的機(jī)會，并_____與孩子的親密關(guān)系。備選項(xiàng)中只有cultivate“培養(yǎng)”符合句意，由此答案為D)cultivate. 備選項(xiàng)中其他的動詞原形只有L)note, 不符合句意，因此排除。

31.E)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，父親也比沒有孩子的男性更好，他們更幸福，生活滿意度更高，_____癥狀更少。結(jié)合句意，本空應(yīng)填入表達(dá)負(fù)面、消極情緒的形容詞，由此確定答案為 E)depressive。備選的其他形容詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。

32.H)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，______,對于母親來說，與沒有孩子的女性相比，結(jié)果就不那么樂觀了。由上一句可知，父親比沒有孩子的男性感到更幸福。本句對比了母親與沒有孩子的女性的情緒體驗(yàn)，結(jié)果并不如父親那樣樂觀。本句與上一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此本空應(yīng)填入表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折意義的副詞，由此確定答案為H)however。備選的其他副詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。

33.G)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，媽媽們說她們擁有更大的自主權(quán)，但也有“更多的麻煩”和更少的積極_____。備選項(xiàng)中只有emotions“情緒，感情”符合句意，由此答案為G)emotions。 

34.F)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，與其他經(jīng)歷相比，媽媽們在與孩子互動時的情緒更快樂，但在_____照顧孩子時則不然。備選項(xiàng)中只有 directly“直接地”符合句意，由此確定答案為F)directly。

35.I)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，這種差異表明父母如何花時間陪伴孩子可能對父母的幸福有重要_____。備選項(xiàng)中只有implications“影響”符合句意，由此答案為I)implications。

Section B

Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Learning to say no

A)Notdoing something will always be faster than doing it.This philosophy applies in many areasof life For example,there is nomeeting that goes faster than not having a meeting at all.This is not to say you should never attend another meeting,but the truth is that we say“yes"to too many things wedon't actually want to do.

B)How often do people ask you to do something and you just reply,“Sure.”Three days later,you're overwhelmed by how much is on your to-do list.We become frustrated by our obligations eventhough wewere the ones who said“yes”to them in the first place.Evenworse,people will occasionally fight to do things that waste time.You don't have to do something just because it exists.It's worth asking if things are necessary.Many of them are  not,and a simple“no”willbe more productive than whatever work the most efficient person can cope with.But if the benefits  of saying“no”are so obvious,then why do we say“yes”so often?

C)We say“yes”tomany requests not because we want to do them,butbecause we don't want to be seen as rude or unhelpful.Often,we have to consider saying“no”to someone we will interact with again in the future—our co-worker,our spouse,our family and fricnds.Saying “no”to our superiors at work canbe particularly difficult.In  these situations,I like the approach recommended in Essentialism by Greg McKeown.He writes,“Remind your superiors what you would be neglecting if you said ‘yes'and force them to deal with the trade-off.For example,if your manager comes to you and asks you to do X,you can respond with‘Yes,I'm happy to make this the priority.Which of theseother projects should I deprioritize to pay attention to this new project?'”

D)Collaborating with others is an important element of life.The thought of straining the relationship outweighs the commitment of our time and energy.For this reason,it can be helpful to be gracious in your response.Do  whatever favors you can,and be warm-hearted and direct when you have to say no.But even afterwe have accounted for these social considerations,manyofus still seem to do a poor job of managing the trade-off between yes and  no.We find ourselves over-committed to things that don't meaningfully improve or support those around us,and certainly don't improve our own lives.

E)Perhaps one issue is how we think about the meaning ofyes and no.The words “yes”and“no”get so often  used in comparison with each other that it feels like theycarry equal weight in conversation.In reality,they're not just opposite in meaning,but of entirely different magnitudes in commitment. When you say“no",you're    only saying“no"to one option.When you say“yes”,you're saying“no”to every other option.I likehow economist  Tim Harford put it,“Every time we say *yes'to a request, we're also saying‘no'to anything else we might  accomplish with the time.”O(jiān)nce you're committed to something,you've already decided how that future block of time will be spent.In other words,saying “no”saves you time in the future.Saying“yes”costs you time in the future.“No”isa form of time credit.You retain the ability to spend your future time however you want.“Yes”is a form of time debt.Youhave to pay back your commitment at some point.

F)“No"is a decision.“Yes”is a responsibility.Saying“no”is sometimes seen as a luxury that only those in  power can afford.And it's true:turning down opportunities is casier when you can fall back onthe safety net provided by power,money,and authority.But it's also true that saying“no”is not merely a privilege reserved  for the succesful.It's also a strategy that can help you become successful.Saying “no”is an important skill to develop at any stage of your career because it retains the most important asset in life:your time.As investor Pedro Sorrentinoput it,“If you don't guard your time,people will steal it from you.”You need to say “no”to  whatever isn't leading you toward your goals.

G)Nobody embodied this idea better than Steve Jobs,who said,“People think focus means saying‘yes to the  thing you've got to focus on.But that's not what it means at all.It means saying‘no'to the hundred other good ideas that thereare.You have to pick carefully.”Jobs had another great quote about saying“no”:“I'm actually as proud of the thingswe haven't done as the things I have done.Innovation is saying*no'to 1,000 things.”

H)Over time,as you continue to improve and succeed,your strategy needs to change.The opportunity cost of your time increases as you become more successful.At first,you just eliminate the obvious distractions andexplore  the rest.As your skills improve and you learn to separate what works from what doesn't,you have to continually increase your threshold for saying“yes".You still need to say “no”to distractions,but you also need to learn to say“no”to opportunities that were previously good uses of time,soyou can make space for better uses of time.It's a good problem to have,but it can be a tough skill to master.

I)What is true about health is also true about productivity:an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.More effortis wasted doing things that don'tmatterthanis wasted doing thingsinefficiently.And if that is the case,elimination is a more useful skill than optimization.I'm reminded of the famous Peter Drucker quote,“There is nothing so useless as doing cfficiently that which should not be done at all.”

36.People often grant a requestjust because they want to appear polite and helpful.

37.It's noeasy job learning to say“no"to opportunities that were once considered worth grasping. 

38.When you decline a request,you are saving your future time.

39.People sometimes struggle to do things that are simply a waste of time.

40.Doing efficiently what is not worth doingis the most useless effort.

41.It is especially difficult for people to decline to do what their superiors ask them to do 

42.People agree to do too many things they are in factunwilling to do.

43.According to one famousentrepreneur,innovation means refusal to do an enormous number of things. 

44.It is an essential aspect of life to cooperate with other people.

45.Refusing a request is sometimes seenas a privilege not enjoyed by ordinary people.

答案解析

36.【定位】由題干中的request 、polite和 helpful定位到文章C)段第一句。

C)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提出，我們答應(yīng)的許多請求并不是因?yàn)槲覀兿肴プ?，而是我們不想被別人覺得自己沒禮貌，或者不想幫助他人。題干中的grant a request對應(yīng)定位句中的say“yes”to many requests,題干中的polite and helpful對應(yīng)原文中的don't..rude or unhelpful,故答案為C)。

37.【定位】由題干中的no easy job和onceconsidered worth grasping定位到H)段最后兩句。

H)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位段最后兩句提到，你仍然需要對分心的事情說“不”,但你也需要學(xué)會對以前曾認(rèn)為是很好地利用時間的那些機(jī)會說“不”,這樣你就可以騰出空間更好地利用時間。這是一個很好的問題，但它可能是一項(xiàng)很難掌握的技能。題 干中的say “no”to opportunities that were once considered worth grasping 對應(yīng)原文中的say“no” to opportunities that were previously good usesof time, 題干中的no easy job對應(yīng)定位段最后一句中的tough,題干內(nèi)容為定位段最后兩句的總結(jié)歸 納，故答案為H)。

38.【定位】由題干中的 decline a requcst和 saving your future time定位到E)段第八句。

E)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，說“不”可以節(jié) 省你將來的時間。題干中的saving your future time對應(yīng)文中saves you time in the future,題干中的decline a request 對應(yīng)定位句中的saying “no”, 故答案為E)。

39.【定位】由題干中的struggle、to do things和a waste of time定位到B)段第四句。

B)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，更糟糕的是人們偶爾會做一些浪費(fèi)時間的事情。題干中的struggle對應(yīng)定位句中的 fight,題干中的a waste of time對應(yīng)原文中的waste time。題干是對定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為B)。

40.【定位】由題干中的not worth doing和 the most useless effort定位到I)段最后一句。

I)【 精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到彼得·德魯克的名言：“沒有什么比高效地做根本不應(yīng)該做的事情更無用了?！鳖}干中的 not worth doing對應(yīng)文中的doing..that which should not be done at all,題干中的the most useless effort對應(yīng)文中的There is nothing so useless,故答案為I)。

41.【定位】由題干中的especially difficult,decline和superiors定位到C)段第三句。

C)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，在工作中對上司說“不”可能尤其困難。題干中的especially difficult 對應(yīng)原文中的particularly difficult,題干中的decline to do what their superiors ask them to do對應(yīng)原文中的Saying“no”to our superiors,故答案為C)。

42.【定位】由題干中的agree 、in fact和 unwilling 定位到A)段最后一句。

A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句指出，事實(shí)是，我們對于太多實(shí)際上不想做的事情說“是”了。題干中的agree對應(yīng)定位句中 say“yes”, 題干中的in fact unwilling to do對應(yīng)原文中的don't actually want to do,題干為原文內(nèi)容的歸納概括，故答案為A)。

43.【定位】由題干中的innovation、refusal和enormous定位到G)段最后一句。

G)【 精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，創(chuàng)新就是對 1,000件事說“不”。題干中的innovation means refusal todo an enormous number ofthings是對原文中“Innovation is saying‘no'to 1,000 things.”的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為G)。

44.【定位】由題干中的essential aspect和cooperate 定位到D)段第一句。

D)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，與他人合作是生活的重要組成部分。題干中的essential aspect 對應(yīng)定位句中的important clement,題干中的cooperate 對應(yīng)原文中的Collaborating,故答案為D)。

45.【定位】由題干中的Refusing a request 和 privilege定位到F)段第二句。

F)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句指出，說“不”有時被視 為只有當(dāng)權(quán)者才能負(fù)擔(dān)得起的奢侈品。題干中的privilge是對原文中 luxury 的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中not cnjoyed by ordinarypeople是對原文中only those in power can afford的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為F)。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished  statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

We're eating more fish than ever these days.At around 20 kilograms per person global fish consumption is now more than twice what it was in the  1960s.What's really remarkable,though,is where that fish comes from.

For the first time in human history,most of our aquatic(水產(chǎn)的)food now comes from farming rather than  fishing.

People ate around 73 million tonnes of farmed fish—just more than half of the volume of fish that humans  consumed—in 2014.That's out of a total fish supply of 167 million tonnes;the remaining 20 million or sotonnes go into things like animal feed and medical products.

To keep eating fish at the current rate,we're definitely going to need to keep aquaculture(水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖)developing.That's because the volume of fish caught in the wild has leveled off since the 1990s.

Back in 1974,only 10% of marine fish stocks had been overfished.Now,more than three-tenths are. Only a tenth of our oceans'fish stocks could sustain heavier fishing than current levels.

But while catchings at sea have suffered,fish-farming has been growing at a fast rate.A lot of that is coming  from China,which produces 60% of the world's farmed fish.In fact,some 35 countries,including China,now produce more farmed than wild-caught fish.

This shift toward aquaculture isn't just good for ensuring salmon(三文魚)on your plate;it's also crucial to ensuring food security and sustainability.By 2050,the world will need to feed an estimated9.7 billion  people.They'll have to get their protein somewhere.However,raising cattle,pigs,and other land-based animals requires vast sums of grain and water.For example,pound for pound,beef requires 15 times more feed to raise than carp,a freshwater fish farmed all over Asia.That grain—and the water needed to grow it—could be consumed by people instead.

However,aquaculture is no silver bullet.In some southeast Asiancountries,shrimp farming does disastrous damage to marine ecosystems.Despite these problems,however,shrimp continues to be among the mostpopular seafoods worldwide.

46.What does the author say is remarkable about the fish we eat?

A)They reproduce quickly.

B)They are mostly farmed.

C)They have become as important as grain.

D)They have a longer history than humans.

47.What do we need to do if we keep consuming fish at the currentrate?

A)Increase the fishing volume considerably.

B)Develop more advanced fishing technology

C)Enlarge the marine fish stocks effectively.

D)Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously.

48.What does the author say aboutChina in terms of aquaticfood?

A)It places increasing emphasis on fishing now.

B)It boasts of the world's largest fishing stocks.

C)It raises more fish than caught from the wild.

D)It supplies 60% of the world's fish products.

49.Why doesthe author say aquaculture is so important these days?

A)It is a must for feding the world's fast-growing population.

B)It proves a reliable source of protein for humans and animals.

C)It isessential to maintaining both mental and physical health.

D)It ensures a balanced healthy diet for people the world over.

50.What does the author imply by saying aquaculture is no silver bullet?

A)Shrimp-farmingis a riskybusiness.

B)Fish-farming will not be sustainable.

C)Fish-farming may cause serious problems too.

D)Shrimp-farming can become quite expensive.

答案解析

46.【定位】由題干中的remarkable about the fish we eat定位到第一段最后一句和第二段。

B)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。第一段最后一句提到，真正值得注意的是這些魚的來源。第二段接著指出，我們大部分的水產(chǎn)食物來自養(yǎng)殖而非捕撈。由此可知，我們吃的大部分的魚是養(yǎng)殖的，故答案為B)。

47.【定位】由題干中的keep consuming fish at the current rate定位到第四段第一句。

D)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句提到，為了保證魚肉攝入量一直處于現(xiàn)如今的水平，我們肯定需要讓水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)不斷發(fā)展。通過推斷可知，讓水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)不斷發(fā)展的舉措肯定包括擴(kuò)大養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模，故答案為D)。

48.【定位】由題干中的China和aquatic food定位到第六段最后一句。

C)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，事實(shí)上，包括中國在內(nèi)的約35個國家，現(xiàn)如今的養(yǎng)殖魚產(chǎn)量超過了野生捕撈量。C)選項(xiàng)中的raises more..than caught from the wild對應(yīng)定位句中的produce more farmed than wild-caught,故答案為C)。

49.【定位】由題干中的aquaculture is so important定位到倒數(shù)第二段。

A)【精析】推理判斷題。定位段提到，這種向水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖的轉(zhuǎn)變對于確保食品安全性和可持續(xù)性至關(guān)重要。到2050年，全球?qū)⑿枰B(yǎng)活大約97億人。他們需要從某些地方獲取蛋白質(zhì)。隨后用牛和鯉魚的例子來說明，養(yǎng)魚比養(yǎng)牛更劃算。結(jié)合段落大意可以推斷出，發(fā)展水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖對于養(yǎng)活迅速增長的人口更有利，故答案為A)。 

50.【定位】由題干中的aquaculture is no silver bullet定位到最后一段。

C)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。最后一段第二句指出，在一些東南亞國家，蝦類養(yǎng)殖對海洋生態(tài)造成了災(zāi)難性的破壞。由此可知，水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖也有負(fù)面影響，故答案為C。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

In 2020,the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the World Food Programme(WFP).

Why a Nobel Prize for the WFP,and why now?In 2019,the WFP assisted nearly 100 million people in 88 countries.It isthe safety net for those who fall off the edge of existence.It is a response to solving the  problem of food instability.Its Nobel Prize remindsus all of the moral hazard in imagining that the poor and vulnerable are  somebody else's problem.

The WFP has been around since 1961 and hasbeen the global coordinator of nationally based efforts to avoid disasters with food aid.Despite decades of effort to eliminate hunger,the latest estimate is that about 11% of people on the planet(about 820 million people)aresuffering daily undernourishment. Progress at reducing  undernourishment has stopped despite gains through the 1990s and 2000s.

Developed countriessometimes offer food and aid to developing ones,but at a price.One American philosopher  stated that addressing the needs of the poor and vulnerable is about morethan money—it is mostly about  creating conditions under which prosperity and opportunity can thrive.When aid is offered with heavy conditions attached,like loan repayment or food for resources,it often widens the gap between rich and poor and sustains the old world order.This is why the work of the WFP is so vital.

The scientific community,however,can provide a helping hand to the WFP.By sharing knowledge of agriculture and climate with peers in countries most vulnerable to poverty and hunger,scientists can help reduce these problems.By making its voice heard,science can lead by example.The ability to overcome food shortages thatmust be built into some of the poorest countries will notcome from loans from wealthy countries,which may have    food problems of their own,or world economic institutions.This ability will be built upon self-confident    people using open and shared scientific knowledge topull themselves out of their misery.

51.What does the WFP's winning of the Nobel Peace Prize makeus realize?

A)More and morepeople inthe world are suffering from starvation.

B)All of us can be affected by food instability one way or another.

C)It is hazardous to leave millions of people poor and vulnerable.

D)It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.

52.What do welearn about the WFP'scffort to eliminate hunger?

A)It has ensured a sufficient food supply to millions.

B)It is still far from its goal despite the progress made.

C)It has done a good job in combating natural disasters.

D)It is preventing starvation occurring on a global scale.

53.What will happen when food aid is offered at a price?

A) The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.

B) More people will be willing to join in the effort.

C) More food will be made available to the needy.

D) The relief effort will be rendered less sustainable.

54.How can scientists help cope with poverty and hunger?

A) By collaborating closely with world economic institutions.

B) By sharing expertise with peers in poverty-stricken nations.

C) By setting up more food research programs in developing countries.

D) By building self-respect in people suffering from undernutrition.

55.What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?

A) Wealthy nations should solve their own food problems first.

B) Rich countries should be more generous in providing food aid.

C) Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.

D) World economic institutions should play a bigger role in fighting hunger.

答案解析

51.【定位】由題干中的the WFP's winning of the Nobel Peace Prize定位到第二段最后一句。

D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，它的諾貝爾獎提醒我們所有人，把窮人和弱勢群體當(dāng)成別人的問題是一種道德危機(jī)?！八敝傅氖乔拔奶岬降氖澜缂Z食計(jì)劃署，D)選項(xiàng)中的morallywrong對應(yīng)定 位句中的moral hazard。由此可知，答案為D)。

52.【定位】由題干中的 the WFP's effort to eliminate hunger 定位到第三段。

B)【精析】推理判斷題。定位段提到，世界糧食計(jì)劃 署自1961年成立以來，一直是各國通過糧食援助 避免災(zāi)難的全球協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)。盡管為消除饑餓付出了幾十年的努力，但據(jù)最新估計(jì)，地球上約有11%的人(約8.2億人)每天營養(yǎng)不良。盡管在20世紀(jì) 90年代和21世紀(jì)初取得了一些進(jìn)展，但在減少營養(yǎng)不良方面的進(jìn)展已經(jīng)停止。由此推斷可知，世界糧食計(jì)劃署在消除饑餓上取得了一些進(jìn)展，但距離目標(biāo)還很遠(yuǎn)，故答案為B)。

53.【定位】由題干中的food aid is offered at a price定位到第四段倒數(shù)第二句。

A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，如果援助附帶沉重的條件，如償還貸款或以糧食換資源，這往往會擴(kuò)大貧富差距，維持舊的世界秩序。由此可知，如果以一定代價提供糧食援助，會擴(kuò)大貧富差距，即可能會導(dǎo)致富人變得更富，窮人變得更窮，故答  案為A)。

54.【定位】由題干中的 scientists help cope with poverty andhunger定位到第五段第二句。

B)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句提到，通過與最容易遭受貧困和饑餓的國家的同行分享農(nóng)業(yè)和氣候知識，科學(xué)家可以幫助減少這些問題。B) 選項(xiàng)中的 expertise是對定位句中knowledge of agriculture and climate的總結(jié)，由此可推斷，科學(xué)家可以通過 與貧困國家的同行分享專業(yè)知識來幫助解決貧困和饑餓問題，故答案為B)。

55.【定位】由題干中的at the end of the passage定位到最后一段最后一句。

C)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，這種能力將建立在自信的人們利用開放和共享的科學(xué)知識使自己擺脫痛苦的基礎(chǔ)上。結(jié)合前文可知，“這種能力”指的是最貧窮的國家必須具備克服糧食短缺的能力。由此推斷可知，作者認(rèn)為貧窮國家應(yīng)該提高自己解決糧食短缺的能力，故答案為C)。