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2023年3月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案

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tingliketang

2024年07月11日

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英語四級(jí)閱讀,作為大學(xué)英語能力的重要評(píng)估指標(biāo),不僅檢驗(yàn)了學(xué)生對詞匯、語法的掌握,更考察了其閱讀理解和信息篩選的能力。在全球化背景下,提升這一能力對于拓寬視野、增進(jìn)跨文化交流至關(guān)重要。今天,小編將分享2023年3月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案,希望能為大家提供幫助!

Section A

Directions: In this section,there is a passagewith ten blanks.Youare required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given  in a wordbank following the passage.Read the passage through carefiully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the wordls in the bank more than once.

It's a fantasy that goes back centuries:a message in a bottle,carried ashore from far-off lands.Authors, artists and children  26  have drcamed of such a gift from the sca.

Thistime,though,it'snot a bottle that washes ashore.It's eggs—thousandsof little toyeggs.

That's what happened on the German island of Langegoog this week.

Lying just off the North Sea coast,it found it self  27  by an invasion of colored pastic eggs—much to the  28  of local children,because the cggs contained toys.

Police  29  theeggscame from a freighter that lost part of its cargo during an unusually  30  storm,the worst to hit Germany's northeastern coast since 2006.

At any rate,what waslost has nowbeen found by many of the community's littlest residents.

“The surprise eggs have found their way to freedom,”said Mayor Uwe Garrels.However,the joy of the moment  31  off soon.

“At first I thought this was a wonder,because everything was so.  32  ,but then we realized that this is a huge  33  in the end,"said the mayor.He also noted the plastic bags and other materials that have washed ashore on the island can cause serious problems for  34  .

Stll,all these little eggscontained an extratreat with their toys.They.  35  notes from afar.

There was just one problem for the German children who received them:They were written in Russian.

A)wore

B)wildlife

C)suspect

D)struck

E)similar

F)quantity

G)overthrown

H)mess

I)intense

J)human

K)effective

L)delight

M)colorful

N)bore

O)alike

Section B

Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Hyphenating your last name after marriage?

A)Congratulations on deciding to get married!Whilebeing married is great and wonderful,the act of getting married can be quite stressful.There is the planning of the ceremony itself,the merging(合并)of two households  and all of the details involved in that.You also have to take the time to apply for your marriage license and then decide whether or not you are goingto keep your last name or change it.

B)This is where a lot of people have trouble.Once upon a time,it wasjust customary for a bride to takeher groom's last name as her own and abandon her maiden namecompletely.The act of keeping her own last name was considered taboo(禁忌)andpeople'seyebrows would raise right of their faces when they found out that the bride was evenconsidering something so radical.Over time,though,more and more women are deciding to keep their last names.

C)There are a lot of reasons to want to keep your own lastname.Hopefully you have a supportive groom who understands why this idea is the most appealing to you.A lot of times,though,the act of keeping your name is  still something that causes concern.Even if your groom is finewith it,his family (or your own)might not be so understanding.

D)There are a couple of ways to compromise on the issue.You could choose anentirely new last name for thetwo of you to share.This way neither of you gets "your"way and you both have to deal with the legalities of going through a name change.Most of the time,though,the most popular compromise is to hyphenate your lastname and  the last name of your groom.For example,if your groom's name is John Smith and your name is Kate Jones,you would name yourself Kate Jones-Smith or Kate Smith-Jones.This allowsyou to keep going by your own last name while legally adopting your husband's last name at the same time.

E)The compromise is the biggest reason that so many women choose to hyphenate their last names.It is a way of you keeping your own identity while also makingyour future husband happy.It allows you to stay connected to accomplishments that you achieved before you got married.For example,many women who choose to hyphenate do so partially because they have earned higher educational degrees and certifications under their maiden names.They might have also had things published or publicized and want to stay connected to that identity.Hyphenating  your last name can help you bridge the gap between your personal andprofessional lives.Many women who opt  to  simply keep their ownnames do so because they don't want to give up all that they have accomplished  professionally.Adopting their husband's last name makes it hard for them to claim ownership of these  accomplishments personally because they happened under their “other”name.

F)While tradition is one thing,there isn't any logical reason to completely changeyour name.Keeping your name and joining it to your husband's through hyphenation is as legal as simply adopting his name or as simply keeping your own and leaving his out of the picture entirely.

G)Probably the most importan reason to consider hyphenation is your identity.You've spent your whole life building your identity under a certain name.Obviously you will still be you even if you've taken on your husband's last name and omitted yours entirely.At the same time,your name is associated with the identity you've built up and hyphenation allows you to respectthat while also respecting tradition andyourhusband's family's identity.

H)If you care about outside opinions on your name,you should know that a large portion of today's society is annoyed by the hyphenated name.Some peoplefind it “snobby”(勢利的)and others simplyfind it iritatingbecause they have a hard time remembering which last namethey are supposed to say first.Some people even believe thatnot simply adopting your husband's last name is a huge sign of disrespect and a lack of commitment.

I)It ispossible that your future husband will find this choice offensive.Some men,regardless of how youmight feel about such things,are traditionalists and feel that it is simply “right”for the woman to take the man's last name as her own.Whetheryour future husband insisting on your adopting his last nameis a red flag to  you  or not,it is still something that you should take into consideration.

J)There are all sorts of reasons to hyphenate your name or not to hyphenate your name.The basisfor each of these things,however,is whether or not you are willing to make a compromise when it comes to changing your name.The hyphenation is the epitome(體現(xiàn))of a compromise.One spouse wants a complete name change.The other spouse wants no name change.Hyphenating the two names is a way for each person to,at least a  little bit,“win”the argument.

K)And don't forget the legal stuff!Making the decision is just part of the process.From there you are going to have to legally change your name all over the place.You'll need to change your name at the bank,with social security,with your credit cards,on  your driver's license,at the gym...everywhere.It's easy to get overwhelmed just thinking about it.

L)What matters,ofcourse,is that the two of you are going to be happily married—hopefully for the rest of your lives.Atthe end of the day,whether you each keep your names,whether you come up with an entirely new name for the two of you to share or whether you hyphenate your current last names,what matters is that you love each  other and are going to be joining your lives together.Try to remember that as you are staring at the application for your marriage license and filling out the portion that reads “name afteryou get married”(or whatever the legalese for that might be).

36.Many peopletoday sill findname hyphenation upon marriageunacceptable.

37.As a compromise,a bride will inmost cases adopt a name that combines the couple's last names.

38.The bride should consider adopting her groom's last name whether he feelsstrongly about it or not.

39.Makingpreparations for marriage causes a lot of stress.

40.Hyphenating the last names could be a win-win solution should arguments arise about what name to adopt upon marriage.

41.It used to be considered socially unaceptable for a brideto retain her maiden name.

42.The bride who adopts a hyphenated last name after marriage can maintain connections with their past achievements.

43.Hyphenating names allows thebride to preserve her own identity while respecting tradition.

44.No matter what name the bride adopts,it is most important that the newly weds truly love each other.

45.Legally speaking,thebride is free to choose whatever name she prefers.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Eachpassage is followed bysomequestions or wnfinished statements.Foreach of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice  and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

It's good to be smart.After all,intelligent people earn more money,accumulatemore wealth,andevenlive longer.But there's another side to the story.The brightest people and strongest leaders sometimes make errors others don't,especially insituations that require common sense.

Travis Bradberry,president at TalentSmart,explained in his post Why Smart People Act So Stupid that “Rational thinking and intelligence don't tend to go hand in hand.Intelligent people are more prone to silly mistakes because of blind spots in how they use logic.These blind spots exist because smart people tend to be overconfidentin their reasoning abilities.”They are so usedto being right and having quick answers that they don't even realise when they'remaking a mess byanswering without thinkingthings through.

A lifetime of praise leads smartpeople to develop toomuch faith in their intelligence and abilities.They often  fail to recognise when theyneed help,and when they do recognise it,they tend to believe that no one else is capable of providing it.

“It's hard for anyone to graciously accept the fact that they're wrong.It's even harder for smart people because they grow so used to being right all the time that it becomes a part of their identity,"Bradberry  wrote.“For smart people,being wrong can feel like a personalattack,and being right,a necessity.”

Smart people also have a hard time accepting feedback.They tend to undervalue the opinions of others, which means they have trouble believing that anyone is qualified to give them useful feedback.Not only does this tendency hinder their growth and performance,it can lead to harmful relationships,both personally and professionally.

Smart people developoverachieving personalities because things come so easily to them.They simply don't understand how hard some people have to work to accomplish the same things,and because of that,they push people too hard.They set the bar too high,and when people take too long or don't get things quite right,they assume it's due to a lack of effort.So they push even harder.

46.What do we learn from the passage aboutthe brightest people?

A)They can make silly mistakes instraightforward situations.

B)They usually turn a blind eye to their own weaknesses.

C)They are admired by people around them.

D)They can differ in their personalities.

47.What accounts for the existence of intelligent people's logical blind spots?

A)Their irrational way of thinking. 

B)Too much faith in their ability to think.

C)Their ignorance of behavioural science.

D)Too much concern about their work.

48.How do smart people react whenthey are found to be wrong?

A)They shift the blame to others. 

B)They graciously acept the facts.

C)They may feel shocked.

D)They may get offended.

49.What may happento smart people who find it difficult to accept suggestions?

A)They may suffer in their professional andprivate life.

B)They maylose faith intheiradministrative abilities.

C)They may commit more errors than ever before.

D)Theymay experience a lot of emotional stress.

50.What is said about those working with or under overachieving people?

A)They put a lot of effort into their work. 

B)Theyset highergoals for themselves.

C)They areunder increasing pressure.

D)They take less time to get things done.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Of the endless troubles that come with being driven from one's home country,losing educational certificates may seem small.But it isn't.Refugees who settle in othercountries often find themselves unable to continue on their previous career path due to a new set of employer standards or skills requirements.To solve this problem,the U.S.State Department is posinga solution:online learning.

The State Department will announce a partnership with an online education platform called Coursera.The  platform will allow refugees worldwide to take thousandsof online courses for free.“Coursera for Refugees” will be available for any non-profit group that supports refugees in any country,as well as individual refugees.They can apply for fully funded access to Coursera's course catalog,which means they can take all of the platform's classes and obtain professional certificates for free.Theplatformcurrently offers professor-led lectures on a broad range of topics,from data science to fashion design.

As the world migrantcrisis intensifies,employment is becominga global concern.The new program aims to aid refugees by offering “important skills that will help them in the globaleconomy,”Evan Ryan,U.S.assistant secretary of state for educational and cultural affairs,said on a press call last week.“What we don't want to do is not act,"added Coursera chief operations officer Lila Ibrahim.

The idea isn't without problems.For one,starting a new careerpath isn't as simple as watching a few videos and obtaininganonline certificate;even those looking to continue previouscareers can't simply rely on an online lecture to get them up-to-date on standards,policies,and practices.For another,most of the classeson Coursera are inEnglish,and though there are plans to add translations,language barriers can be a big obstacle.Then  there are the questions over the value of massive open online courses (M00Cs)themselves—both forrefugees and for average learners.

But it's still early days and there are signs of hope.In 2015,a joint study found 72% of people taking the M00Cs saw career benefitsafterwards.

51.Why is the U.S. State Department launching an online learning program for refugees?

A)To enable them to settle down in host countries.

B)To allow them to learn as many job skills aspossible.

C)To offer them aplatform to pursue advanced degrees.

D)To help them to meet new employment standards.

52.What do we knowabout“Coursera for Refugees”?

A)It provides refugees with a wide range of courses free of charge.

B)It offers free online data services for refugees around the world.

C)It allows refugees to obtain degrees in various academic fields.

D)It supplies refugees with a great variety of job opportunities.

53.What does the passage say is a consequence of the global migrant crisis?

A)Instability increases inhost countries.

B)The globaleconomic crisis intensifics.

C)A lot morerefugees die during migration.

D)Refugees find it more difficult to get a job.

54.What does the author say causes refugees'dificultyin taking online courses?

A)Cultural environment. 

B)Changed academic requirements.

C)Lack of language skills.

D)Difference in teaching platforms.

55.What did the joint study find about the MOOCs several yearsago?

A)They helped solve learmers'financial problems.          

B)They benefited most of the learners.  

C)They changed some learners'careerpath. 

D)They provided the most needed vocational skills.

26.O)alike (adv. 相似地;同樣地adj.相像的)

語義判斷 本段意為“這是一個(gè)可以追溯到幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以前的幻想:裝在瓶子里的信息。從遙遠(yuǎn)的地方被帶上岸。作家、藝術(shù)家和孩子們_____曾夢想過這樣一份來自大海的禮物。”代入選項(xiàng)可知,alike“相似地;同樣地”符合此處句意。

27.D)struck (v.侵襲;突擊)

語義判斷 該句意為“朗格奧格島就坐落在北海海岸附近,它發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被入侵的彩色塑料蛋_____" 。 由 文章第二段“不過,這一次,它不是被沖上岸的瓶子。而是蛋——成千上萬個(gè)小玩具蛋。”可知,大量彩色玩具蛋被沖上了朗格奧格島,即朗格奧格島被彩蛋侵襲了。代入選項(xiàng)可知,struck符合此處句意。 

28.L)delight (n. 高興,快樂v. 使愉快,使高興)

語義判斷 該句句意為“朗格奧格島就坐落在北海海岸附近.它發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被入侵的彩色塑料蛋侵襲了——這讓當(dāng)?shù)氐暮⒆觽兎浅____ ,因?yàn)檫@些蛋里有玩具。”代人選項(xiàng)可知,delight “高興,快樂”符合此處句意。 

29.C)suspect(v. 懷疑,猜想n. 犯罪嫌疑人)

語義判斷 本段介紹大量彩色玩具蛋的來源。該句句意為“警方_____這些玩具蛋來自一艘貨輪,這艘貨輪在一場異常_____暴風(fēng)雨中損失了部分貨物……”代入選項(xiàng)可知,suspect“懷疑,猜想”符合此處句意。 

30.I)intense (adj.強(qiáng)烈的,劇烈的)

語義判斷 該句句意為“警方懷疑這些玩具蛋來自一艘貨輪,這艘貨輪在一場異常_____暴風(fēng)雨中丟失了部分貨物,這是自2006年以來襲擊德國東北海岸最為嚴(yán)重的一次暴風(fēng)雨。”代入選項(xiàng)可知,intense 符合此處句意。

31.A)wore (v. 磨損)

語義判斷 該句句意為“市長烏韋·加雷爾斯說:‘奇趣蛋找到了通往自由的路。’然而,這一刻的喜悅很快就_____。”由下一段提到的can cause seriousproblems(會(huì)帶來嚴(yán)重問題)可知,市長認(rèn)為,大量玩具蛋被沖上岸是一件喜憂參半的事。wore是wear 的過去式,wear off意為“逐漸消失”,符合此處句意。 

32.M)colorful(adj.生動(dòng)有趣;豐富多彩的)

語義判斷該句句意為“市長說:‘起初我覺得這是一個(gè)奇跡,因?yàn)檫@一切都如此_____ ,但后來我們意識(shí)到,這最終是一場巨大的_____。”結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容可知,colorful“生動(dòng)有趣;豐富多彩的”符合此處句意。

33.H)mess(n. 混亂;臟亂v. 把……搞亂;把……弄臟)

語義判斷該句句意為“市長說:‘起初我覺得這是一個(gè)奇跡,因?yàn)檫@一切都如此生動(dòng)有趣,但后來我們意識(shí)到,這最終是一場巨大的_____。 ” 代入選項(xiàng)可知,mess“混亂;臟亂”符合此處句意。 

34.B)wildlife (n. 野生動(dòng)植物)

語義判斷此處介紹大量玩具蛋被沖上岸帶來的不良影響。該句句意為“他還指出,被沖到島上的塑料袋和其他材料會(huì)給_____帶來嚴(yán)重問題。”代入選項(xiàng)可知,wildlife 符合此處句意。

35.N)bore (v. 帶有;攜帶)

語義判斷 該句句意為“它們_____來自遠(yuǎn)方的小紙條。”代人選項(xiàng)可知,bore是bear的過去式,意為“帶有”,符合此處句意。

36.答案解析 H。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息Manypeople、name hyphenation、unacceptable定位到H段。

該段首句提到,如果你在乎外界對你名字的看法,那么你應(yīng)該知道當(dāng)今社會(huì)上很大一部分人對使用連字符的名字感到惱火。接下來第二、三句對此具體展開介紹,說明不同的人對此所持有的不同看法:有些人覺得這種命名方式很“勢利”,有些人覺得這種命名令人厭煩,有些人甚至認(rèn)為不隨丈夫的姓是不尊重和缺乏忠誠的表現(xiàn)。由此可見,題干是對該段內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié),其中Many people today對應(yīng)原文中的a large portion of today's society,name hyphenation對應(yīng)原文中的the hyphenated name,而still find.unacceptable對應(yīng)原文中的is annoyed by..

37.答案解析D。由題干關(guān)鍵信息compromise、a bride、in most cases和combines the couple's last names定位到D段。

該段首句承接上段提到,在這個(gè)問題上有幾種折中的方案。接下來第二、三兩句介紹了其中一種折中方案及其弊端。接著第四句提到,不過,大多數(shù)時(shí)候,最受歡迎的折中辦法是把你的姓氏和新郎的姓氏用連字符連接起來。并在最后兩句進(jìn)行了舉例說明,同時(shí)介紹了這種方案的優(yōu)勢。由此可知,題干是對該段第四句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其中acompromise 對應(yīng)原文中的the most popular compromise,in most cases對應(yīng)原文中的Most of the time,而 combines the couple's last names對應(yīng)原文中的hyphenate your last name and the last nameofyour groom。

38.答案解析I。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息consider adopting hergroom's last name、feels strongly定位到I段。

該段前幾句承接上文提到,有些男性是傳統(tǒng)主義者,他們不管新娘的看法,認(rèn)為女性隨丈夫姓是“正確的”。最后 一句提到,如果你未來的丈夫堅(jiān)持要求你隨他姓,無論這對你來說是不是一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)信號(hào),這都是你應(yīng)該考慮的事情。由此可知,題干是對該句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的The bride should consider對應(yīng)原文中的you should take into consideration,her groom對應(yīng)原文中的your    future husband,feels strongly對應(yīng)原文中的 insisting on,而 adopting her groom's last name對應(yīng)原文中的adopting his lastname。

39.答案解析A。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息Making preparations for marriage、a lotof stress定位到A段。

該段第二句提到,盡管結(jié)婚這種狀態(tài)很棒、很美妙,然而結(jié)婚這件事本身可能是相當(dāng)有壓力的。換盲之,為結(jié)婚做準(zhǔn)備會(huì)帶來很多壓力。由此可見,題干是對該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,其中Making preparations formariage對應(yīng)原文中的the actof getting married,而causes a lot  of stress對應(yīng)原文中的can be quite stressful。

40.答案解析 J。由題干關(guān)健信息Hyphenatingthe last names、a win-win solution、arguments定位到J段。

該段前幾句提到,是否在你的名字中使用連字符取決于你是否愿意做出妥協(xié),使用連字符是妥協(xié)的一種體現(xiàn)。接著提到,夫妻中的一方希望完全改名換姓。另一方不希望如此。用連字符連接夫妻兩人的姓氏至少在一定程度上是雙方“贏得”爭論的一種方式。由此可知,題干是對原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的Hyphenating the last names對應(yīng)原文中的Hyphenating the two names, 而 could be  a win-win solution should arguments arise對應(yīng)原文中的is a way for each person to,at  leasta  litte  bit,"win"the argument。

41.答案解析B。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息used to 、retain her maiden mame定位到B段。

該段第二、三句提到,從前,新娘隨夫姓,完全拋棄娘家姓就是一種習(xí)俗。保留新娘自己姓氏的行為被認(rèn)為是一種禁忌,當(dāng)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)新娘甚至在考慮如此激進(jìn)的事情時(shí),他們會(huì)立刻皺起眉頭來。由此可知,題干是對原文內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。題于中的used to對應(yīng)原文中的Once upon a time,for  a  bride to retain her maiden name對應(yīng)原文中的The act of keeping her own last name,而 be considered socially unacceptable是對原文was considered taboo and people's eyebrows would raise right of their faces.的概括總結(jié)。

42.答案解析 E。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息adopts a hyphenated last name after marriage、maintain connections with their past achievements定位到E段。

該段第三句提到,這種方式讓你和你結(jié)婚前取得的成就維系關(guān)聯(lián)。這種方 式指的就是該段首句提到的用連字符連接姓氏。由此可知,題干是對該句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其中The bride whoadoptsa hyphenated last name對應(yīng)原文中的so many women choose to hyphenate their last names,而can maintain connections with their past achievements對應(yīng)原文中的allows you to stay connected to accomplishments that you achieved before you got married。

43.答案解析 G。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Hyphenating names 、preserve her own  identity 、respecting tradition定位到G段。

該段最后一句提到,與此同時(shí),你的名字與你已經(jīng)建立起來的身份聯(lián)系在一起,使用連字符這種方 式使你在尊重傳統(tǒng)以及你丈夫家庭身份的同時(shí),也尊重(你自己的)這種身份。由此可知,題干是對原 文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題于中的Hyphenating namesallowsthe bride topreserve her own identity是對原文your name is associated with the identity you've built up and hyphenation allows you to respect that的概括總結(jié),while respecting tradition屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

44.答案解析 L。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息most important、the newly weds truly love cach other定位到L段。該段第二句提 到,在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候,不論你們是否繼續(xù)使用自己的姓氏,是否想出了一個(gè)全新的姓氏來共同使用,或是否用連字符連接你們現(xiàn)在的姓氏,重要的是你們彼此相愛,而且將共度一生。由此可知,題干是對原文內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。其中Nomatter what name the bride adopts是對原文whether you each keep your names, whether you come up with an entirely newname for the two of you to share orwhetheryouhyphenate your current last names的概括總結(jié),而it is most important  that  the  newly  weds  trulyloveeach  other對應(yīng)原文中的what matters is that you love each other。

45.答案解析F 。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Legally 、is free to choose whatever name she prefers定位到F 段。該段首句承接 上文提到,雖然傳統(tǒng)是一回事,但是完全改變你的名字沒有任何邏輯上的理由。接著第二句進(jìn)一步指出,

保留你的名字,并通過連字符把它與你丈夫的名字連在一起,和只采用他的名字或者只保留你自己的名 字而把他的名字完全排除在外一樣合法。由此可知,題干是對原文內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié),其中Legally speaking 對應(yīng)原文中的legal,而 thebride is free to choose whatevername she prefers是對原文Keeping your name and joining it to your husband's through hyphenation和simply adopting his name oras simply keeping your ownand leaving hisout of the picture entirely的概括總結(jié)。

46.答案:A

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the brightest people可以將答案定位到第一段最后一句。

第一段最后一句指出,最聰明的人和最強(qiáng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者有時(shí)候會(huì)犯一些其他人不會(huì)犯的錯(cuò)誤,尤其是在需要常識(shí) 的情況下。需要常識(shí)的情況,其實(shí)就是簡單的情況,因?yàn)槌WR(shí)應(yīng)該是人人都知道的。由此可知,最聰明的 人在一些簡單的情況下會(huì)犯愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤,故本題應(yīng)選A。選項(xiàng)B 、C 、D的內(nèi)容文章都沒有提及,可以排除。

47.答案:B

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ogical blind spots可以將答案定位到第二段。

第二段引語中的第二句指出,聰明人更容易犯愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)樗麄冊谶\(yùn)用邏輯方面存在盲點(diǎn)。接著下一句指出原因,這些盲點(diǎn)之所以存在,是因?yàn)槁斆魅送鶎ψ约旱耐评砟芰^于自信。由此可知,本題應(yīng)選B。B選項(xiàng)中的Too much faith in與原文中的overconfident in是同義替換。其余三項(xiàng)文中未提及,故排除。

48.答案:D

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞found to be wrong可以將答案定位到第四段。

第四段指出,任何人都很難欣然接受自己錯(cuò)了的事實(shí),對聰明人來說就更難了。第四段最后一句指出,對于聰明人來說,犯錯(cuò)就像是一種人身攻擊。對比四個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有“他們可能會(huì)被冒犯”與原文一致,故選D。選項(xiàng)A和C文章沒有提到,可排除。選項(xiàng)B與原文意思相反,也可以排除。

49.答案:A

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞difficult to accept suggestions可以將答案定位到倒數(shù)第二段。suggestions與原文中的 feedback屬于同義替換。

倒數(shù)第二段指出,聰明人也很難接受反饋,這種傾向不僅會(huì)阻礙他們的成長和表現(xiàn),還會(huì)對個(gè)人和職業(yè)上的人際關(guān)系有害。也就是說,因?yàn)槁斆魅撕茈y接受別人的建議,所以這會(huì)導(dǎo)致他們在個(gè)人生活和職業(yè)上遭受一些挫折,故選項(xiàng)A正確。其余三項(xiàng)文章中均沒有提及,故排除。

50.答案:C 

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞overachieving people可以將答案定位到最后一段。

最后一段指出,聰明人會(huì)養(yǎng)成爭強(qiáng)好勝的性格,因?yàn)槭虑閷λ麄儊碚f太容易了。他們根本不明白一些人為了完成同樣的事情需要付出多大的努力,正因?yàn)槿绱耍麄儼褎e人逼得太緊了。他們把標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定得太高了當(dāng)人們花了太長時(shí)間或者沒有把事情做得很好的時(shí)候,他們會(huì)認(rèn)為這是由于缺乏努力所致。所以他們會(huì)逼得更緊。由此可知,與爭強(qiáng)好勝的人一起工作或者在其手下工作的人會(huì)承受越來越大的壓力,故本題選C 。選項(xiàng)A比較容易誤選,原文是說要想完成相同的事情,其他人要付出很多努力,并沒有說爭強(qiáng)好勝者的同事或部下工作都特別努力,故排除。選項(xiàng)B與原文不符,原文是說聰明人設(shè)定了太高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而不是其同事或手下,故排除。選項(xiàng)D與原文相反,他們應(yīng)該是花更多的時(shí)間來完成工作,故排除。

51.答案:D

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞U.S.State Department和online learning program可以將答案定位到第一段最后一句。但是題干問的是原因,在定位句前后尋找,發(fā)現(xiàn)原因在第一段倒數(shù)第二句。

第一段最后兩句指出,在其他國家定居的難民經(jīng)常會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),由于有一套新的雇主標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或技能要求,他們無法繼續(xù)自己原來的職業(yè)道路了。為了解決這個(gè)問題,美國國務(wù)院提出了一個(gè)解決方案:在線學(xué)習(xí)。由此可知,美國國務(wù)院為難民啟動(dòng)在線學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃是為了幫他們達(dá)到新的就業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),故選項(xiàng)D 正確。其余三項(xiàng)都是利用原文出現(xiàn)的詞設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng),意思與原文不符,故排除。

52.答案:A

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Coursera for Refugees” 可以將答案定位到第二段。

第二段第三句指出,“難民免費(fèi)公開課”項(xiàng)目將適用于任何支持各國難民的非營利組織以及難民個(gè)人。接著指出,他們可以免費(fèi)學(xué)習(xí)該平臺(tái)的所有課程,并獲得職業(yè)證書。該平臺(tái)目前提供教授主導(dǎo)的講座,主題十分廣泛,從數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)到時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)都有。由此可知,“難民免費(fèi)公開課”為難民免費(fèi)提供廣泛的課程,故選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)在提供的不是免費(fèi)的“數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)”,而是課程。原文提到可以獲得職業(yè)證書,但是沒有提到可以獲得學(xué)位和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),故選項(xiàng)C和D可以排除。

53.答案:D

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞global migrant crisis可以將答案定位到第三段。

第三段第一句指出,隨著世界移民危機(jī)的加劇,就業(yè)正成為全球關(guān)注的問題。然后接著說,這一新計(jì)劃旨在通過提供重要技能來幫助難民。上文也一直在講難民就業(yè)難的問題。由此可知,移民危機(jī)的后果之一就是難民很難找到工作,故選項(xiàng)D正確。其他三項(xiàng)原文沒有提及,可以排除。

54.答案:C

本題的題干關(guān)鍵詞是difficulty in taking online courses,原文雖然沒有原詞重現(xiàn),但是根據(jù)出題順序與原文 順序基本一致的原則可將答案定位到第四段。

第四段指出了在線課程的一些弊端。 一方面,光靠看視頻并獲得在線證書并不夠,也不能簡單地依靠在線講座來了解最新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、政策和實(shí)踐。另一方面,因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)課程是英語授課,所以語言障礙也是一個(gè)很大的阻礙。最后是大型開放式網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程本身的價(jià)值問題。由此可知,缺乏語言技能是導(dǎo)致難民參加在線課程有困難的原因。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容原文沒有提及,均排除。

55.答案:B

根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the joint study和MOOCs 將答案定位到最后一段第二句。

最后一段第二句指出,2015年,一項(xiàng)聯(lián)合研究發(fā)現(xiàn),有72%的人在學(xué)習(xí)了M00C課程之后看到了職業(yè)發(fā)展的好處。由此可知,學(xué)習(xí)了M00C課程之后,大部分人(72%)從中受益了,故選項(xiàng)B正確。選項(xiàng)A和D原文沒有提及,可以排除。選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)在原文只是說人們承認(rèn)在職業(yè)方面受益了,并沒有說改變了職業(yè)道路,故排除。

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