英語四級閱讀，作為大學(xué)英語能力的重要評估指標(biāo)，不僅檢驗了學(xué)生對詞匯、語法的掌握，更考察了其閱讀理解和信息篩選的能力。在全球化背景下，提升這一能力對于拓寬視野、增進跨文化交流至關(guān)重要。今天，小編將分享2023年12月大學(xué)英語四級閱讀真題以及答案（卷一），希望能為大家提供幫助！
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are requiredto select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making yourchoices.Each choice inthebank is identified by a letter.Please mark the correspondingletter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.Youmay not use any ofthewordsin the bank more than once.
Exercising for just 10 minutes a week is linked to a longer life,according to a newstudy published in The British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Several recent studies have found that even low-intensity exercise,done for a short amount of time,can have a meaningful 26 on health.Still,the idea that exercising for just 10 minutes a week may be enough to increase your lifespan is novel.It's also somewhat 27 ,since the federal physical activity guidelines recommend getting at least 75 minutes of vigorousexercise or 150 minutes of 28 exercise each week.
The study was based on data from more than 88,000 U.S.adults who 29 in the National Health Interview Survey between 1997 and 2008.
Contrary to some research that has found an 30 limit to the amount of exercise that is healthy,the researchers found that there was 31 no limit to the longevity(長壽)benefits of exercise.Even the small group ofpeople who got 10 times the amount of exercise recommended by thefederal governmenthad a 46% lower 32 of death than the least active group.
Still,observational studies like this one cannot prove cause and effect;they can only find 33 .The researchers also were not able to 34 for certain lifestyle factors that could affect lifespan,including dietary habits and changes in physical activity over time.Despite these 35 ,the study's results are yet another indication of the power of physical activity,even in small amounts.
A)adjust
B)alter
C)approximately
D)controversial
E)coordinates
F)impact
G)limitations
H)moderate
I)participated
J)pattems
K)populated L)risk
M)seemingly N)type
O)upper
Section B
Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.
How Climate Change Will Affect What You Eat
A)Earlier this year,scientists warned that one in six animal species could go extinct(滅絕的)due to climate change.Could the same thing happen to our crops and other foodstuffs too?
B)It's clear that farmers in many parts of the world are going to find things harder in the coming decades. Last week,BBC Future explored one scientist's efforts to help crops cope with the increased probability of droughts.By usingthe genes from resurection(復(fù)活)plants,Jill Farrant of the University of CapeTownis exploring whether she can design crops to survive for much longer periods without water
C)But if we can't find ways to protect other foods,will they survive climate change?Fortunately,there is some good news on this front.Despite alarmist headlinesabout “foods that are going extinct,”there is noevidence that major food types like beans,chocolate,wine,corn orwheatwill cease to exist.
D)But that doesn't mean it's all good news for future food.We will probably have to changewhere we grow certain crops,as some regions get too hot.The disadvantage,obviously,is that local farmers will suffer under this situation.And some people may struggle to get the same access to certain foods.“Even if overall food production may be unaffected,food security can still be impacted,”says Margaret Walsh,a scientist at theUS Department of Agriculture's Climate Change Program Office.In other words,even if a cerlain food is still grown on some corner of the Earth,it doesn't mean that everyone will continue to have the same degreeof access as today.
E)Overall the yields of many foods,from staples to life-enhancing extras such as coffee and chocolate,wll likely be impacted by climate change too.How those decreases will be felt will depend on the degreeof .warming and the crop inquestion,but ingeneral,“anything over about 30℃ is very bad for crops,”says Wolfram Schlenker,an associate professor of international and public affairs at Columbia University.For example,statistical studies that he anda colleague built of corm and soybean(大豆)productionin the US showa steep decline after crossing the 30℃temperature threshold(臨界點).
F)In the US—the world's largest producer of corn and soybeans—farms can move north to some degree, Schlenker says.But eventually,yields will ikely suffer because the soil north of lowa declines in quality-a legacy of glacial(冰川的)expansion.Other studies,including studies of wheat in India and corn in Africa, also found that there is a threshold above which yields sharply decline:crops can adapt and move,butonly to a point.“What's common to all studies isthefinding that extreme heatis damaging tocropgrowth,although exact cutoffs vary by crop,"Schlenker says.“If predictions for the end of the century aretrue,though,I think a lot of agricultural areas in the US will see significant hits.”
G)Under current conditions,about 4%of the world's croplands experience drought in any given year,but by the end of the century those conditionsare forecastedto jump to about 18%per year.Some studies indicate that horticulture crops—generally,everything besides staples—may be impactedmost severely,largely because they tendto be confined to a smaller geographic area.Researcher Andrew Jarvis andhis colleagues found tha 80% of coffe-growing zones in CentralAmerica and Brazil could become unsuitable by 2050,for example, while climate changewill ikely have “great impacts"on cocoa(可可粉)production in WestAfrica.“High qualitychocolate will be less available in the future,and if you want it,you'l have to pay a lot more for it," Jarvis says.
H)This meansthat,for those who can afford it,some foods will simply cost them more in the future.But for poorerpeople,those same price jumps willikely causecertain foods to go extinct from their diets.“The more you reduce,the shorter the supply,and the higher the price willjump,"Schlenker says.
I)Another potential climate change-induced problem is our dependence on commodity crops—wheat, soybeans,corn and rice—which currently provide humanity with 75%of its calories,either directly or indirectly through the animals we raise on those crops.Jarvisand his colleaguesalso found that,over thepast five decades,the world has seen an inereasing standardisation of diets;the foods we eat globally today arc 36% more similar than they were in 1961.While this can be good news for the world's poorest people who now consume more calories,protein and fat than in the past,homogeneity(同一性)and over-dependence ona handful of staples leavesus vulnerable to threats such as drought,disease and pests—all of which are predicted to worsen inmany parts of the world as a result of climate change.
J)There are ways we could soften the coming blow to the global food supply,however.Like Farrant's work with resurrection crops,a number of companies,organisations and researchersareaiming tocreate drought and temperature-resistant cropsthrough genetic enginering and conventional breeding.For now,the jury is still out asto how successful those endeavours will be.“The people at Monsanto who I'vetalked to are much more optimistic that they'll be able to engineer heat-tolerant crops,”Schlenker says.“On the other hand, scientists at the USDA whoI've spoken with are much more cautious."
K)Until genetic engineering comes to fruition,other strategies might also help in some places,including applyingmore fertiliser,implementing better irigation,using machinery that gets crops out of the field faster or installing storage facilities to delayspoilage.“Manyplaces could benefit a great deal just by using technologies that already exist,”Walsh says.“General farm management can go a long way toward easing changes.”
L)Finally,diversifying our diet away from heat-sensitive wheat,corn,rice and other crops could also help. “We've seen profoundchanges in the last decades in what we eat largelyas a result of international trade,and Ithink thattrend toward more diversification willcontinue,"Jarvis says."Depending on agreater number of plant species creates a more vigorous and less risky food system—andone that provides a broader range of nutritional requirements.
36.0ne consequence of climate change is that some people may not haveadequate access to certain foods.
37.People around the world are eating foods more similar than what they used to eat
38.A recent news report talked about scientific efforts to help crops survive droughts through genetic engineering.
39.It is predicted tha climate change willaffect the availability and price of quality chocolate.
40.People wonder if certain crops and foodstuffs could disappear like some animal species due to climate change
41.Although farms in the US can move a bit northward,crop yieldsmay decrease.
42.One possible solutionto the food security problem is diversification of diet.
43.It remains unsettled whether the global food supply problem can be solved by creating heat-tolerant crops through genetic engineering.
44.Poorpeoplemay have to give up eating certain foods because of their high prices.
45.A numberof existing farming technologies could be used to reduce the negative effect of climate change on food production
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages inthis section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For eachof them there are four choices markedA),B),C)and D).You should decideon the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 withasingle line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
One of my bad habits is saying "busy"when people ask me how I'm doing.Sometimes it's because I actually am busy,bu other times it's because that's what I think I'm supposed to say.That's what important people say.That's what people who get promoted say.But working long hours doesn't drive better results. Never taking a vacaion won't leadto a promotion.So why are we soproud to talkabout how busyweare all the time?
In 2016,researchers from Columbia,Harvard,and Georgetown conducted a study to figure it out.They found busy people are perceived to beof high status,and interestingly,these status attributions are heavily influencedby ourown beliefs about social mobility.In other words,the more we believe that one has the opportunity for sucess based onhard work,the more we tend to think that people who skip leisure and work all the time are of higher standing.
That's why we feel like we have to appear busy,and there's a real perception that if someone is knee-deep in meetings,emails,and stress,then they're probably a big deal.This culture of busyness is making it hard for employees to find work-life balance.According to a recent study,one in five highly engagedemployesis at risk of burnout(精疲力竭).
Personally,I'm goingto stop saying"busy"when people ask me how I am.It sounds selfrighteous(自以為是的)andsets the wrong tone.Phrases like“I have limited access to email"and“Ill respondas soon as I get back"sound like you're being held against your will fromworking as opposed to making the most of your time off.
That's why we recently launched the Outof Office Email Generator,a free tool you can use before your next long weekend or trip.You can share loud and proud that you won't be checking email until you're back. Managers need to think twice about emailing their teams on the weekend and talkingabout how busy they are Leaders should take timeoff themselves and encourageemployeesto do the same.
46.What is a reason for the authorto be in the habit of saying “"busy"when asked howhe is doing?
A)He just follows successfulpeople's example.
B)Heis actually proud to be fully occupied.
C)He thinks everyone should be devotedto work.
D)He believes busyness ensures accomplishments.
47.Why do we tend to think thatbusy people are of high status?
A)Our status can be attributed to oursocial mobility
B)We hold the belief that hard work leads to success.
C)Our own opportunity for success nevercomes easily.
D)We find few people of high status have time for leisure.
48.What do we learnabout the culture of busyness from a recen study?
A)It places employes in endless meetings,emailsandstress.
B)It compels some 20%of employees to appear always busy
C)Itdistorts many employees'belief of what a satisfying life is.
D)It does much harm to many busy employees'well-being.
49.What do such utterancesas "Ihave limitedaccess to email"sound like accordingtothe author?
A)One is toobusy tocheck all emails in time.
B)One is opposed to the prevailing work culture.
C)One is forced by circumstances to stop working.
D)One is simply enjoying their timeoff work.
50.Why did the author and his colleagues launch the Out of Office Email Generator?
A)Toenable busy employees to spend less time checking emails.
B)Toensure employees as wellasemployers truly have time off
C)To stop managers from talking about how busytheirteams usually are.
D)Toencourage both employers andemployees toanswer emails promptly.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Female employees consistently pay lower airfares than men do for the same flights because they tend to book earlier.
We compared the airfare paid by employees in the same positionwithin a company for the same clas of travel and used a common statistical technique toaccount for other factors that might affect differences n airfares.We found that women paid on average S18 less per ticket than their male colleagues.Further investigation allowed us to conclude that this gap is largely explained by the fact that women tended to book earlierthan men,1.8 days on average
We wanted to determine what was causingthese gender differences in booking businesstrips so we tested a varietyof posible explanations,such as women choosing to plan ahead or male frequent travelers being inclined to book late.None of these explained away the gender gap,so we applied data collected from surveys that express consumerpreferences that play a central role in economic decisions,such aspatience and risk avoidance.
We found that only theconcept of "negative reciprocity"in which an employee who feels unfairly treated engages in negativebehaviors,such as spending their company's money lesscarefully—explains these differences.The surveys showedmen tend to exhibit more of these negative behaviors than women.This isn't to say that all men engage in these behaviors—or that booking relativelylate is a sign of abnormal behavior.It only means that the gender gap disappears when we plug in the negative reciprocity variable.
Prior research on negative reciprocity among workers found thatit can result inlower employeemotivation, business performance andworkplace morale(士氣)and culture.
Our results show another way these negative behaviors can manifest themselves,like in airline bookings and add toevidence that women are less likely to engageinthem.
Companies spend significant sums of money on business travel.While that S18 diference per ticket may seem small,it adds up.Our analysis suggests early booking by women can translateinto savings of $1 million a year for a large multinational company with 20,000 regular travelers.
51.What did the author's team concludeaboutthe gender difference in airfares from their further investigation?
A)It is largely attributedto womenbooking earlier thanmen.
B)It is largely explainedby women's choosingcheaperflights.
C)It is mainly accounted for by male employees'readiness to pay more.
D)It is due to the fact that women care more abouttheir company's money.
52.What did the researchers want to determine by testinga varietyof possible explanations?
A)What made male frequent travelers book airtickets late.
B)Whatcaused women to planahead in bookingbusiness trips.
C)What motivated women to book cheaper flights.
D)What acounted for thegender gap in airfares.
53.What happened when the negative reciprocity variable was taken into account?
A)Both menand women werefoundtoengage in negative behaviors.
B)Neither men norwomen viewed booking late as a bad behavior.
C)Thegender differencc in airfare expenses no longer existed.
D)Thegender gap tended to narrow to asignificantdegree.
54.Whatdid prior research on negative reciprocity amongworkers find?
A)It can do more harmto the workplace than to employees.
B)It contributes to the male-female divide in the workplace.
C)It proves to becounterproductive in a number of ways.
D)It can resultin increasing labor-managementconflicts.
55.What does theauthor emphasize about their analysis inthe last paragraph?
A)It canhelp companies increase their savings significantly.
B)It can duly contribute tocompanies'businessperformance.
C)It can translate women's bookingpractice intomen's behavior.
D)It can enhance large multinational companies'competitiveness.
26.F)impact(n.影響；作用v <對某事物>有影響，有作用)
語義判斷 該句意為“最近的一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是短時間的低強度運動，也能對健康產(chǎn)生重要_____"。 由此可知，impact 符合此處句意。
27.D)controversial(adj.有爭議的；引起爭論的)
語義判斷 該空需結(jié)合上文進行分析，上句意為“盡管如此，每周只鍛煉10分鐘可能就足以延長壽命的想法 還是很新穎的”。而該句句意為“這也有一定的_____,因為聯(lián)邦體育活動指南建議每周至少進行75分鐘 的劇烈運動或150分鐘的_____運動”。前后句子之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系，代入選項可知，controversial符合此處句意。
28.H)moderate(adj.適度的；適中的 v.使適中)
語義判斷該句意為“這也有一定的爭議性，因為聯(lián)邦體育活動指南建議每周至少進行75分鐘的劇烈運動或150分鐘的_____運動”。moderate exercise意為“適度運動”,符合此處句意，故答案為moderate。
29.I)particlpated(v參與，參加)
語義判斷 該句意為“該研究基于1997年至2008年間_____全國健康訪談?wù){(diào)查的88,000多名美國成年人的數(shù)據(jù)”。participated in意為“參與，參加”,符合此處句意，故答案為participated。
30.O)upper(adj.上面的；上層的)
語義判斷 該句意為“一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，健康的運動量是有_____限制的，與此相反，該研究的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，運動對長壽的好處_____沒有上限”。前后句表達(dá)相反語義，由后面提到的there was.no limit(沒有上限)可知，此空格處表述“有上限”之意，upper limit意為“上限”,符合此處句意，故答案為upper。
31.M)seemingly (adv. 似乎；看似)
語義判斷該句意為“一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，健康的運動量是有上限的，與此相反，該研究的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，運動對長壽的好處_____沒有上限”。代入選項可知，seemingly 符合此處句意。
32.L)risk(n.風(fēng)險；危險v 冒……的風(fēng)險)
語義判斷該句意為“即使運動量是聯(lián)邦政府建議的10倍的那一小群人，其死亡_____也比運動量最小的人群低46%”。代入選項可知，risk符合此處句意。
33.J)patterns(n.模式；方式 v.形成圖案)
語義判斷該句意為“不過，像這樣的觀察性研究并不能證明因果關(guān)系；它們只能發(fā)現(xiàn)_____"。代入選項可知，patterns意為“模式；方式”,符合此處句意，但此處應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文將其轉(zhuǎn)譯為“規(guī)律”。
34.A)adjust (v.調(diào)整；適應(yīng))
語義判斷 該句意為“研究人員也無法_____某些可能影響壽命的生活方式因素，包括飲食習(xí)慣和體育鍛煉隨時間的變化”。代入選項可知，adjust符合此處句意。
35.G)limitations(n.局限性；限制)
語義判斷 該句意為“盡管存在這些_____ ,但這項研究的結(jié)果再次表明了體育鍛煉的影響，即使是少量的 體育鍛煉”。代入選項可知，limitations符合此處句意。
36.題干譯文 氣候變化的一個后果是，有些人可能無法充分獲得某些食物
答案解析 D。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息One consequence of climate change、adequate access和certain foods定位到D段。該段第二句提到氣候變暖可能會導(dǎo)致人們改變農(nóng)作物的種植地點，接著第三句和第四句講述由此帶 來的不利影響：當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民將遭受損失，有些人可能很難像以前一樣獲得某些食物。換言之，氣候變化的一個后果是，有些人可能無法充分獲得某些食物。由此可見，題干是對原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，其中One consequence of climate change 對應(yīng)原文中的The disadvantage,而some people may not have adequate acessto certain foods對應(yīng)原文中的some people may strnuggle to get he same access o certain foods。
37.題干譯文 與過去相比，世界各地的人們現(xiàn)在吃的食物更加相似
答案解析 I。由題干關(guān)鍵信息People around the world、more similar和what theyused to eat定位到I段。該段 第二句提到，賈維斯和他的同事們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在過去的50年里，世界上的飲食越來越標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；與1961年相 比，今天我們在全球范圍內(nèi)吃的食物相似度提高了36%。由此可知，題干是對該句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其中 People around the world對應(yīng)原文中的the world,而 are eating foods more similar than what theyused to eat是對 原文中the fods we eat globall today are 36% moresimilar than they were in 1961的概括總結(jié)。
38.題干譯文 最近的一篇新聞報道談到了通過基因工程幫助農(nóng)作物在于早中存活的科學(xué)努力。
答案解析 B。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息A recent news report、scientific efforts、survive droughts和genetic engineering 定位到B段。該段第二句提到，上周，英國廣播公司“未來”欄目探究了一位科學(xué)家為幫助農(nóng)作物應(yīng)對日益增加的干旱概率所做的努力。接著下一句具體介紹：通過使用復(fù)活植物的基因，開普敦大學(xué)的吉爾 ·法蘭特正在探索她是否能設(shè)計出在沒有水的情況下可以存活更長時間的農(nóng)作物。由此可知，題干是 對原文內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。題于中的Arecent news report對應(yīng)原文中的Last wek,BBCFuture,而talked about scientifi efforts to help crops survive droughts對應(yīng)原文中的explored one sientist'seffortsto helpcrops cope with the increased probability of droughts,而 through genetic enginering 對應(yīng)原文中的By using the genes fom resurrection plants。
39.題干譯文 據(jù)預(yù)測，氣候變化將影響優(yōu)質(zhì)巧克力的供應(yīng)和價格
答案解析G。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息affect the availability and priceof quality chocolate定位到G 段。該段倒數(shù)第二句提到，研究人員安德魯·賈維斯和他的同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候變化將很可能會對西非可可粉的生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生“巨大影響”,接著最后一句通過引用賈維斯的話指出，未來優(yōu)質(zhì)巧克力的供應(yīng)將減少，如果你想要它，你就得花更多的錢。換言之，氣候變化將影響優(yōu)質(zhì)巧克力的供應(yīng)和價格。由此可見，題干是對原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，其中climate change和quality chocolate屬于原詞重現(xiàn)，fect對應(yīng)原文中的have“great impacts”on,而the availability and price of quality chocolate是對原文中will be lessavailable inthe future,and if you want it,you'l have to pay a lot more for it的概括總結(jié)。
40.題干譯文 人們想知道，某些農(nóng)作物和食物是否會像某些動物物種一樣因氣候變化而消失
答案解析 A。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息certaincrops and foodstuffs、some animal species和climate change定位到A 段。該段提到，今年早些時候，科學(xué)家們警告稱，六分之一的動物物種可能會因氣候變化而滅絕。同樣的事情也會發(fā)生在我們的農(nóng)作物和其他食物上嗎?由此可知，題干是對原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的certain crops and foodstuffs對應(yīng)原文中的our crops and other food stuffs,而disappear對應(yīng)原文中的go extinct,而animalspecies和due to climate change屬于原詞重現(xiàn)。People wonder if對應(yīng)原文中的設(shè)問句Couldthe same thing..too?
41.題干譯文 盡管美國的農(nóng)場可以稍微向北遷移，但農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量可能會下降。
答案解析 F。由題干關(guān)鍵信息farms in the US、move a bit northward和crop yields定位到F段。該段前兩句引用施倫克爾的話提到，在美國，農(nóng)場可以在一定程度上向北遷移，但最終，產(chǎn)量可能會受到影響。由此可知，題干是對原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的farms和in the US屬于原詞重現(xiàn)，而can move a bit northward對應(yīng)原文中的can move nothto some degree,而 crop yields對應(yīng)原文中的yields, 而may derease對應(yīng)原文中的will likely suffer.
42.題干譯文 應(yīng)對糧食安全問題的一個可能的解決辦法是飲食多樣化。
答案解析 L。由題干關(guān)健信息One possiblesolution、the food security problem和diversification of diet定位到L段。該段首句提到，最后，讓我們的飲食多樣化，遠(yuǎn)離對熱敏感的小麥、玉米、大米和其他作物也會有所 幫助。由此可知，題干是對該句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其中One possible solution對應(yīng)原文中的could also help,而diversifiation of diet對應(yīng)原文中的diversifying our diet away.other crops。
43.題干譯文 全球糧食供應(yīng)問題能否通過基因工程培育出耐熱農(nóng)作物來解決，目前尚無定論。
答案解析 J。由題干關(guān)鍵信息remains unsettled、the global food supply problem和creating heat-tolerant crops through genetic engineering定位到J段。該段前幾句提到，我們有辦法減輕全球糧食供應(yīng)即構(gòu)受到的打擊。像法蘭特在復(fù)活作物方面所做的工作一樣，很多公司、組織和研究人員們正在致力于通過基因工程和傳統(tǒng)培育創(chuàng)造耐早和耐高溫的農(nóng)作物。目前，這些努力能否取得成功尚無定論。由此可知，題干是對原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的It remains unsettled對應(yīng)原文中的thejury is sill out,the global food suply屬于原詞重現(xiàn)，whether.can be solved對應(yīng)原文中的how sucessful those endeavours wllbe,而 by creating heat-tolerant crops through genetic enginering對應(yīng)原文中的create drought-and temperature-resistant crops through genetic enginering and conventional breeding。
44.題干譯文 窮人可能因為其高定價而不得不放棄吃某些食物。
答案解析 H。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Poor people 、giveup eating certain foods和high prices定位到H段。該段第二句提到，但對于窮人來說。同樣的價格上漲很可能會導(dǎo)致某些食物從他們的飲食中消失。由此可知，題干是對該句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其中Poor people對應(yīng)原文中的poorer people,而may have to give up eating certain foods because of thei high pries對應(yīng)原文中的those same price jumps wllikely cause certainfoods to go extinct from their diets。
45.題干譯文 一些現(xiàn)有的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)可以被用來減少氣候變化對糧食生產(chǎn)的負(fù)面影響。
答案解析 K。由題干關(guān)健信息existing farming technologies、reduce the negative effect、climate change和food production定位到K段。該段提到，在基因工程取得成果之前，其他策略也可能在一些地方有所幫助，包括施用更多的肥料，施行更好的灌溉，使用更快地將農(nóng)作物從田地中收割的機器或者安裝延緩腐爛的儲存設(shè)施。沃爾什說：“很多地方只要使用現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)就可以受益更多……”由此可知，題干是對原文內(nèi)容的概 括總結(jié)，其中A number of existingfarming technologiescould be used對應(yīng)原文中的by using technologies tha already exist,而reduce the negativeffect of climate change on food production對應(yīng)原文中的might also help和 could benefita great dal。
46.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞saying"busy"when asked how he is doing可以將答案定位到第一段。
第一段第一句指出，當(dāng)被問到最近怎么樣時，作者都會回答說“忙”。接下來的幾句話給出了原因，有時是因為作者真的很忙，但有時是因為作者覺得應(yīng)該這么回答。重要人物都是這么回答的。那些升職的人也是這么回答的。由此可知，作者習(xí)慣于回答“忙”是因為成功人士都是這樣回答的，他是在效仿他們，故 本題選A。其他三項的內(nèi)容都不是作者給出的原因，均排除。
47.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞busy people are ofhigh status可以將答案定位到第二段。
第二段第二、三句指出，人們認(rèn)為忙碌的人地位高，我們越是相信一個人有機會通過努力工作獲得成功。我們就越傾向于認(rèn)為那些不休息、一直工作的人地位更高。由此可知，因為我們相信努力工作能讓我們獲得成功，所以我們認(rèn)為工作忙碌的人地位更高，故本題選B。選項A比較容易誤選，雖然原文也出現(xiàn)了social mobility,但是文章中的意思是，我們地位的高低受到我們自己對社會流動的看法的影響，并不是說地位歸因于社會流動性。在原文中attribution是“歸屬”的意思，status attributions是“地位歸屬，地位高低”的意思。選項C和D與原文不符，均排除。
48.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞he cuture ofbusynes和a recet study可以將答案定位到第三段第二、三句。
第三段第二句和第三句指出，這種忙碌的文化使得員工很難找到工作與生活之間的平衡。根據(jù)最近的一項 研究，每五名高度投入工作的員工，就有一人處在精疲力竭的風(fēng)險當(dāng)中。由此可見，高強度的工作會讓員工過于疲憊，有精疲力竭的風(fēng)險，即對他們的健康傷害很大，故本題選D。其他三個選項雖然有部分原文 詞匯，但是表達(dá)的意思與原文不符，均排除。
49.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞I have limited accessto email可以將答案定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句。
倒數(shù)第二段最后一句指出，像“我不方便查閱電子郵件”和“我一回來就回復(fù)”這樣的表達(dá)，聽起來就像是你不得不停止工作了，而不是你想充分利用自己的休息時間。也就是說，這樣的說法聽起來就像是一個人希望繼續(xù)工作，但是因為某種原因而不得不暫停工作，故本題選C。選項D與原文的意思相反，原文是說這樣的表達(dá)聽起來就像是你不得不停止工作了，而不是享受自己不工作的時間。選項A 和B原文未提及，均排除。
50.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞launch the Out of Office Email Generator可以將答案定位到最后一段。
最后一段前兩句指出，這就是為什么我們最近推出了“外出電子郵件生成器”。你可以大聲而又自豪地分享，在你回來之前，你不會查看電子郵件。接著繼續(xù)建議經(jīng)理們盡量不要在周末給團隊發(fā)電子郵件，或者談?wù)撍麄冇卸嗝Α＝ㄗh領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們抽出時間休假，并鼓勵員工也這樣做。由此可見，作者和他的同事們推出 這個“外出電子郵件生成器”是為了確保大家真正有休假時間，而不是休假的時候還要想著處理郵件等事情，故本題選B。選項A和D原文均未提及，屬于按常識或者邏輯杜撰的選項，均排除。選項C與原文不符，雖然原文提到經(jīng)理們在周末談?wù)撍麄冇卸嗝χ靶枰偃紤]，但是推出這一工具并不是為了阻止經(jīng)理們談?wù)撈鋱F隊有多忙，故排除。
51.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞author's team conclude和from their further investigation可以將答案定位到第二段最后一句。
第二段最后一句指出，通過進一步調(diào)查，我們得出結(jié)論：造成這種差距的主要原因是女性往往比男性更早預(yù)訂機票，平均早1.8天。由此可知，選項A正確。選項B和C的內(nèi)容文章沒有提及，可以排除。下文雖然提到男員工更不在乎公司的錢，但并不是作者團隊通過調(diào)查得出的結(jié)論，故排除D。
52.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞testing a variety of possible explanations可以將答案定位到第三段第一句。
第三段第一句指出，我們想確定是什么造成了在預(yù)訂商務(wù)行程方面的這些性別差異，所以我們測試了各種可能的解釋，例如女性選擇提前計劃或者經(jīng)常出差的男性傾向于較晚預(yù)訂機票。由此可知，研究人員想確 定是什么造成了機票價格的性別差異，故選項D 正確。選項中的gendergap與原文中的gender diferences是 同義替換，而airfares與booking business rips對應(yīng)。其余三個選項都與原文內(nèi)容不符，均可以排除。
53.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the negative reciprocity variable was taken into account可以將答案定位到第四段最后一句。題干中的was taken into account與原文中的plug in是同義替換。
第四段最后一句指出，這只意味著當(dāng)我們插入消極互惠的變量時，性別差距就消失了。由此可知，當(dāng)考慮消極互惠變量時，機票價格的性別差異就不復(fù)存在了，故選項C正確。選項中的no longerexisted與原文中的disappears是同義替換。其余三個選項原文都沒有提及，均可以排除。
54.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞prior researchon negativereciprocity among workers可以將答案定位到第五段。
第五段指出，之前針對員工之間消極互惠的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，它可能會導(dǎo)致員工的積極性下降，業(yè)務(wù)績效降低，工作場所士氣和文化低落。由此可知，消極互惠在很多方面都會產(chǎn)生不良影響，讓事情適得其反，故選項C正確。counterproductive概括了原文中提到的幾種不利影響。其余三個選項原文都沒有提及，均可以排除。
55.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞analysis in the last paragraph可以將答案定位到最后一段末句。
最后一段末句指出，我們的分析表明，對于一家擁有2萬名需要經(jīng)常出差的員工的大型跨國公司來說，女性提前預(yù)訂機票每年可以為公司節(jié)省100萬美元。由此可知，作者強調(diào)，他們的分析可以幫公司節(jié)省一大筆錢，故選項A正確。選項B和C原文都沒有提及，可以排除。選項D屬于過度推斷，原文只是說可以幫大型跨國公司省錢，沒有說可以增強其競爭力，故排除。
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