英語四級(jí)閱讀，作為大學(xué)英語能力的重要評(píng)估指標(biāo)，不僅檢驗(yàn)了學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、語法的掌握，更考察了其閱讀理解和信息篩選的能力。在全球化背景下，提升這一能力對(duì)于拓寬視野、增進(jìn)跨文化交流至關(guān)重要。今天，小編將分享2024年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（卷三）相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能為大家提供幫助！
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Super realistic masks are made from flexible materials such as silicone and are designed to imitate real human face——down to every last detail.
In a study by the Universities of York and Kyoto, researchers asked participants to look at pairs of photographs and decide which showed a 26 face and which showed a person wearing a mask.
Surprisingly, participants made the wrong call in one-in-five cases.
The 20% error rate 27 in the study likely underestimates the extent to which people would struggle to tell an 28 face from the real thing outside of the lab.
The researchers collected data from participants from both the UK and Japan to 29 any differences according to race. When trial participants were asked to choose between photographs of faces of a different race from theirs, response times were slower and selections were 5% less 30 .
There are now dozens of criminal cases in which offenders have 31 themselves off as people of a different age, race or gender, sending police investigations down the wrong path.
In one recent case, an international gang used an 32 realistic mask to pose as a French minister, 33 business executives out of millions of pounds.
Dr Jet Sanders, who worked on the study while a PhD student at the University of York, said:“Failure to detect synthetic faces may have important implications for security and crime prevention as super realistic masks may 34 the key characteristics of a person's appearance to be 35 identified.”
A) accurate
B) allow
C) artificial
D) cheating
E) deserted
F) establish
G) extremely
H) immediately
I) incorrectly
J) normal
K) observed
L) passed
M) reminding
N) reparable
O) resolve
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Stop thinking and start doing
A) Most people have a dream in life, a vision of who or what they'd like to be in the future. At a minimum, everyone has interests and values that determine what they want out of their lives. Even so, trying to set achievable goals that you'll work for over the course of many years can be extremely challenging. It can be hard to know where to even begin, and the things you hope to achieve may seem impossible. But, if you're well prepared you may be able to set goals for your life that are just as fulfilling to work toward as to achieve.
B) We all have goals that we want to achieve in our lives. These goals may include learning a new language, eating healthier and losing weight, becoming a better parent, saving more money, and so on. It can be easy to assume that the gap between where you are now and where you want to be in the future is caused by a lack of knowledge. This is why we buy courses on how to start a business or how to lose weight fast or how to learn a new language in three months. We assume that if we knew about a better strategy, then we would get better results. We believe that a new result requires new knowledge.
C) What I'm starting to realize, however, is that new knowledge does not necessarily drive new results. In fact, learning something new can actually be a waste of time if your goal is to make progress and not simply gain additional knowledge.
D) It all comes down to the difference between learning and practicing. Thomas Sterner, in his book The Practicing Mind, explains the key difference between practicing and learning. He says:“When we practice something, we are involved in the deliberate repetition of a process with the intention of reaching a specific goal.”Here the words“deliberate”and“intention” are key, because they define the difference between actively practicing something and passively learning it.
E) Learning something new and practicing something new may seem very similar, but these two methods can have profoundly different results. Here are some additional ways to think about the difference. Let's say your goal is to get stronger and more fit. You can research the best instructions on weight lifting technique, but the only way to build strength is to practice lifting weights. Let's say your goal is to grow your startup. You can learn about the best way to make a sales pitch, but the only way to actually land customers is to practice making sales calls. Let's say your goal is to write a book. You can talk to a best-selling author about writing, but the only way to become a better writer is to practice publishing consistently.
F) Passive learning creates knowledge. Active practice creates skill. Let's consider a couple more reasons to prioritize active practice over passive learning. First, passive learning can be a stick that supports inaction. In many cases, learning is actually a way to avoid taking action on the goals and interests that we say are important to us. For example, let's say you want to learn a foreign language. Reading a book on how to learn a foreign language quickly allows you to feel like you are making progress(“Hey, I'm figuring out the best way to do this!”). Of course, you' re not actually practicing the action that would deliver your desired outcome (speaking the foreign language).
G) In situations like this one, we often claim that we are preparing or researching the best method, but these rationalizations allow us to feel like we are moving forward when we are merely spinning our wheels. We make the mistake of being in motion rather than taking action. Learning is valuable until it becomes a form of procrastination(拖延).
H) Another point to consider is that practice is learning, but learning is not practice. Passive learning is not a form of practice because although you gain new knowledge, you are not discovering how to apply that knowledge. Active practice, meanwhile, is one of the greatest forms of learning because the mistakes you make while practicing reveal important insights.
I) Even more importantly, practice is the only way to make a meaningful contribution with your knowledge. You can watch an online course about how to build a business or read an article about a terrible disaster in a developing nation, but that knowledge is unproductive unless you actually launch your business or donate to those in need. Learning by itself can be valuable for you, but if you want to be valuable to others, then you have to express your knowledge in some way.
J) The last important point to consider is that practice focuses your energy on the process. Thomas Sterner once said, “Progress is a natural result of staying focused on the process of doing anything.” The state of your life right now is a result of the habits and beliefs that you have been practicing each day. When you realize this and begin to direct your focus toward practicing better habits day-in and day-out, continual progress will be the logical outcome. It is not the things we learn nor the dreams we visualize that determine our results, but rather the habits that we practice each day. Fall in love with boredom and focus your energy on the process, not the product.
K) What does this all mean? Is passive learning useless? Of course not. In many cases, learning for the sake of learning can be a beautiful thing. Not to mention that soaking up new information can help you make more informed decisions when you do decide to take action. That said, the main point of this article is that learning by itself does not lead to progress. We often hide behind information and use learning as an excuse to delay the more difficult and more important choice of actually doing something. Spend less time passively learning and more time actively practicing. Stop thinking and start doing.
36. Acquisition of new knowledge may not guarantee the progress that you aim to make.
37. Your current situation in life is built on the beliefs and habits you have been practicing daily.
38. Knowing the best way to learn a foreign language will not enable you to speak it without actual practice.
39. People may find it demanding to create a goal which will take a long time to achieve.
40. Learning and practicing seem to be very much alike, but the two processes can lead to quite different outcomes.
41. Absorbing new information is helpful in making better decisions prior to action.
42. Sometimes we may feel like we are making progress by doing some research or making preparations, but actually we are staying at the starting point.
43. We are inclined to think that a lack of knowledge prevents us from advancing to a better future.
44. Learning can benefit you by itself, but only practice can turn what you learn into meaningful contributions.
45. Practice involves repeating a process intentionally to attain a particular objective.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Research in human-vehicle interaction has shown even systems designed to automate driving are far from being error-proof. Recent evidence points to drivers’limited understanding of what these systems can and cannot do as a contributing factor to system misuse. A recent study tackles the issue of over-trusting drivers and the resulting system misuse from a legal viewpoint. It looks at what the manufacturers of self-driving cars should legally do to ensure that drivers understand how to use the vehicles appropriately.
One solution suggested in the study involves requiring buyers to sign end-user license agreements(EULAs),similar to the terms and conditions that require agreement when using new software products. But this is far from ideal. The agreement may not provide enough information to the driver, leading to confusion about the nature of the requests for agreement and their implications. Further, most end users don't read EULAs. A 2017 study shows 91 percent of people agree to them without reading. Among young people,97 percent agree without reviewing the terms.
The issue is that, unlike using a smartphone app, operating a car has serious safety risks, whether the driver is human or software. And human drivers need to consent to take responsibility for the outcomes of the software and hardware.
“Warning fatigue” and distracted driving are also causes for concern. For example, a driver, annoyed afterreceiving continuous warnings, could decide to just ignore the message. Or, if the message is presented while the vehicle is in motion, it could represent a distraction. Given these limitations and concerns, even if this mode of obtaining consent is to move forward, it likely won't fully protect automakers from their legal liability should the system malfunction(發(fā)生故障) or an accident occur.
Driver training for self-driving vehicles can help ensure that drivers fully understand system capabilities and limitations. This needs to occur beyond the vehicle purchase. Recent evidence shows even relying on the information provided by the seller is not going to answer many questions. All of this considered, the road forward for self-driving cars is not going to be a smooth ride after all.
46. What do we learn from research in human-vehicle interaction?
A) Automatic driving systems are by no means immune to errors.
B) Driverless vehicles are likely to be misused by some people.
C) Self-driving car manufacturers are not aware of the legal matters involved.
D) There is a long way to go before humans can interact with driverless vehicles.
47. What is the problem with requiring buyers to sign end-user license agreements?
A) End users, young and old alike, find the terms complex to interpret.
B) Most end users sign them without bothering to read the terms.
C) Many people are often confused by the wording of the terms.
D) Most end users do not understand the terms after reading them through.
48. What would drivers do when they suffer from“warning fatigue”?
A) Waste no time keeping the car moving.
B) Rest a while to avoid fatigue driving.
C) Take no action despite repeated warnings.
D) Take note of the message though fatigued.
49. What does the author think of continuing to ask buyers to sign end-user license agreements?
A) It will probably not guarantee the safety of drivers in case of accidents.
B) It likely won't ensure that the automatic driving system functions properly.
C) It likely won't fully protect automakers against accusations of deliberate cheating.
D) It will probably not provide manufacturers adequate protection from legal responsibilities.
50. What should be done to help drivers fully understand system capabilities and limitations?
A) Training them to be experts in vehicle automation.
B) Familiarizing them with the systems through training.
C) Broadening their knowledge of accident-prevention mechanisms.
D) Facilitating their access to the information provided by the seller.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Do you ever blend up a protein drink for breakfast, or grab a protein bar following an afternoon workout? If so, you are likely among the millions of people in search of more protein-rich diets.
Protein-enriched products are found everywhere. But contrary to all the publicity that everyone needs more protein, most Americans get twice as much as they need.
Many of us living in the most developed countries are buying into a myth of protein deficiency created by food companies and self-identified health experts. Global retail sales of protein supplement products reached an astonishing US$18.9 billion in 2020.
But are we really in need of more protein? Physicians in the U. S. have never actually examined a patient with protein deficiency because simply by eating an adequate number of daily calories we are also most likely getting enough protein.
In fact, Americans currently consume almost twice the National Academy of Medicine's recommended daily intake of protein although the most desirable protein intake may vary depending on age and activity level.
For example, if you' re a dedicated athlete you might need to consume higher quantities of protein. Generally, though, a 140-pound person should not exceed 120 grams of protein per day, particularly because a high protein diet can strain kidney and liver function and increase risks of developing heart disease and cancer.
While fats and sugar have taken the beating in turns since over a century ago, protein has managed to remain our red-hot favorite.
In the 1970s through the 1990s, protein products remained visible but moved back somewhat with the dietary spotlight firmly fixed on low-calorie, low-fat, sugar-free snack foods and beverages following the publication of studies linking sugar and saturated(飽和的) fat consumption to heart disease.
Later research in 2003, however, suggested high-protein diets could aid in weight loss, and protein quickly regained its former nutrient-superstar status.
Now most people living in high-income nations are consuming enough protein. When we replace meals with a protein bar or drink, we also risk missing out on the rich sources of antioxidants( 抗氧化劑 ), vitamins and many other benefits of real food.
51. What do we learn about publicity over protein in America?
A) It has helped to create the myth of protein deficiency.
B) It has helped Americans in search of protein-rich diets.
C) It has raised a lot of health concerns among the public.
D) It has been funded by food companies and health experts.
52. Why have physicians in the U. S. never actually examined a patient with protein deficiency?
A) Americans can purchase many kinds of protein-rich foods everywhere.
B) Americans can absorb the number of calories recommended by food experts.
C) Americans can get sufficient protein just by eating adequate foods daily.
D) Americans can rely on food supplements to prevent protein deficiency.
53. What should people take into consideration in deciding on the most preferable protein intake?
A) How healthy they are and what food they eat.
B) How old they are and what activities they do.
C) How much protein they consume and what their body weight is.
D) How serious their protein deficiency is and what remedies they use.
54. What foods have been largely out of favor for more than a century?
A) Sugar-free snacks.
B) Protein-rich foods.
C) Both red and white meats.
D) Sugary and fatty foods.
55. What does the author imply people in developed countries should do to keep healthy?
A) Enjoy natural food.
B) Eat vegetarian diets.
C) Consume enough protein daily.
D) Replace meals with protein bars.
26.J)normal(adj.正常的;平常的)
【語義判斷】此處闡述研究方法，即參與者觀看成對(duì)的照片，然后判斷哪些是a _____ face(……的面孔)，哪些是person wearing a mask(戴著面具的人) , 二者是對(duì)比關(guān)系。normal face意為“正常的面孔”, 符合此處語義,故答案為normal。
27.K)observed (v.觀察到,注意到)
【語義判斷】前面提到了研究方法和研究結(jié)果，可知此處提到的數(shù)據(jù)不是主觀判斷，也不是猜測(cè)或假設(shè)，而是通過系統(tǒng)的觀察和研究得出的。observed符合此處語境，故為答案。
28.C)artificial(adj.人造的;假的)
【語義判斷】上文提到，研究人員要求參與者判斷哪些是正常的面孔，哪些是戴著面具的人。此處承接上文，artificial face意為“人造面孔”，符合語境，即“研究中觀察到的20%的錯(cuò)誤率可能低估了人們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室外區(qū)分人造面孔和真實(shí)面孔的困難程度”。故答案為artificial。
29.F)establish(v.確定;證實(shí))
【語義判斷】此處的不定式表示目的，研究方法是收集來自英國和日本的參與者的數(shù)據(jù)，目的是to anydifferences according to race(_____種族差異) 。代入備選項(xiàng)可知, establish符合此處語境, 故為答案。
30.A)accurate(adj.準(zhǔn)確的,精確的)
【語義判斷】上一段提到20%的錯(cuò)誤率可能低估了人們區(qū)分真?zhèn)蚊婵椎睦щy程度，此處也在說明參與者面對(duì)不同種族面孔時(shí)表現(xiàn)出的困難, 即response times were slower(反應(yīng)時(shí)間變慢) 和selections were 5% less_____ (選擇少5%……)。選擇有困難時(shí)反應(yīng)時(shí)間會(huì)變慢，準(zhǔn)確率會(huì)下降，代入選項(xiàng)可知，accurate符合此處語境，故為答案。
31.L)passed(v.經(jīng)過,越過;穿過)
【語義判斷】該句句意為“現(xiàn)在有幾十起刑事案件，罪犯_____不同年齡、種族或性別的人，使警方的調(diào)查工作誤入歧途”。警方的調(diào)查之所以誤入歧途，是因?yàn)樽锓鸽[藏了其真實(shí)面目。pass oneself off as為固定表達(dá)，意為“冒充，假冒”，符合此處語境，故答案為passed。
32.G)extremely(adv.極度,極其)
【語義判斷】此處列舉一個(gè)利用面具實(shí)施犯罪的案件。該句句意為“在最近的一個(gè)案例中，一個(gè)國際犯罪團(tuán)伙用_____逼真的面具冒充法國部長，_____企業(yè)高管數(shù)百萬英鎊”。被冒充人的身份(法國部長)以及涉案金額(數(shù)百萬英鎊)體現(xiàn)了這起案件的特殊性和復(fù)雜性，也反映了罪犯所用面具的高度逼真性，extremely realistic意為“極其逼真”, 符合此處語境, 故答案為extremely。
33.D)cheating(v.欺騙,欺詐)
【語義判斷】上文提到犯罪分子冒充不同年齡、種族或性別的人實(shí)施犯罪活動(dòng)，誤導(dǎo)警方，結(jié)合前面講述的超逼真面具的內(nèi)容可知，此處是說犯罪團(tuán)伙使用超逼真面具冒充法國部長，導(dǎo)致企業(yè)高管損失數(shù)百萬英鎊。cheat sb. out of sth.為固定搭配, 意為“騙取某人某物”, 符合語境, 故cheating為答案。cheating在此處為現(xiàn)在分詞，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語。
34.B)allow(v.使能夠;允許)
【語義判斷】上文提到犯罪團(tuán)伙使用超逼真面具冒充法國部長騙取企業(yè)高管數(shù)百萬英鎊，本段承接上文，引述該項(xiàng)研究的研究者的話進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)這種超逼真面具可能引發(fā)的問題。由此可推斷此處是說，無法識(shí)別合成人臉可能會(huì)對(duì)安全和預(yù)防犯罪產(chǎn)生重要影響，因?yàn)槌普娴拿婢呖赡軙?huì)讓人錯(cuò)誤地識(shí)別一個(gè)人外表的關(guān)鍵特征。allow the key characteristics of a person's appearance to be _____ identified符合語境, 故答案為allow。
35.I)incorrectly(adv.錯(cuò)誤地,不準(zhǔn)確地)
【語義判斷】此處說明無法識(shí)別合成人臉會(huì)帶來負(fù)面影響的原因，即超逼真的面具會(huì)影響人的判斷，即讓人錯(cuò)誤地識(shí)別一個(gè)人外表的關(guān)鍵特征。incorrectly符合此處語境，故為答案。
36.題干譯文 獲得新知識(shí)可能并不能保證你想要取得的進(jìn)步。
答案解析 C。由題干關(guān)鍵信息new knowledge和guarantee the progress that you aim to make定位到C段。該段首句提到，我開始意識(shí)到，新的知識(shí)并不一定會(huì)帶來新的結(jié)果。下文進(jìn)一步解釋，事實(shí)上，如果你的目標(biāo)是取得進(jìn)步，而不僅僅是獲得額外的知識(shí)，那么學(xué)習(xí)新東西實(shí)際上是在浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。由此可知，題干是對(duì)上述信息的概括提煉, 其中new knowledge是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn), 而may not guarantee the progress that you aim to make對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的does not necessarily drive new results和if your goal is to make progress。
37.題干譯文 你現(xiàn)在的生活狀況是建立在你每天都在實(shí)踐的信念和習(xí)慣之上的。
答案解析 J。由題干關(guān)鍵信息current situation in life和the beliefs and habits you have been practicing daily定位到J段。該段第三句提到，你現(xiàn)在的生活狀態(tài)是你每天一直實(shí)踐的習(xí)慣和信念的結(jié)果。由此可知，題干是對(duì)該句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其中Your current situation in life對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的The state of your life right now, 而is builton the beliefs and habits you have been practicing daily對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的is a result of the habits and beliefs that you have been practicing each day。
38.題干譯文 知道學(xué)習(xí)一門外語的最佳方法并不能使你在沒有實(shí)際練習(xí)的情況下會(huì)說這門外語。
答案解析 F。由題干關(guān)鍵信息the best way to learn a foreign language和speak it without actual practice定位到F段。該段最后三句提到，例如，假如說你想學(xué)習(xí)一門外語。讀一本關(guān)于如何快速學(xué)習(xí)一門外語的書會(huì)讓你覺得自己在進(jìn)步(“嘿，我正在弄清楚學(xué)習(xí)外語的最佳方法！”)。當(dāng)然，你實(shí)際上并沒有在練習(xí)能讓你達(dá)到預(yù)期效果的行動(dòng)(說這門外語)。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。題干中的Knowingthebest way對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的figuring out the best way, 而to learn a foreign language屬于原詞重現(xiàn), will not enable you to speak it without actual practice對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的you're not actually practicing the action that would deliver your desired outcome (speaking the foreign language)。
39.題干譯文 人們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)制定 一個(gè)需要很長時(shí)間才能實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)是很困難的。
答案解析 A。由題干關(guān)鍵信息demanding、create a goal和take a long time to achieve定位到A段。 該段第三句提到，即便如此，試圖設(shè)定可實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，并為之努力多年，也可能極具挑戰(zhàn)性。由此可見，題干是對(duì)該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述, 其中create a goal which will take a long time to achieve對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 set achievable goalsthat you'll work for over the course of many years, 而 may find it demanding對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的can be extremely challenging。
40.題干譯文 學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐似乎非常相似，但這兩個(gè)過程可能導(dǎo)致完全不同的結(jié)果。
答案解析 E。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Learning and practicing、very much alike和quite different outcomes定位到E段。該段第一句提到，學(xué)習(xí)新事物和實(shí)踐新事物可能看起來非常相似，但這兩種方法可能產(chǎn)生截然不同的結(jié)果。由此可知, 題干是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的Learning and practicing對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的Learningsomething new and practicing something new, 而seem to be very much alike對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的may seem very similar, 而but the two processes can lead to quite different outcomes對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的but these two methods can have profoundly different results。
41.題干譯文 吸收新信息有助于在行動(dòng)之前做出更好的決定。
答案解析 K。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Absorbing new information和 helpful in making better decisions prior to action定位到K段。該段第五句提到，更不用說吸收新信息可以幫助你在決定采取行動(dòng)時(shí)做出更明智的決定。由此可知, 題干是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的Absorbing new information對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的soaking upnew information, 而is helpful in making better decisions prior to action對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的can help you make more informed decisions when you do decide to take action。
42.題干譯文 有時(shí)我們可能會(huì)覺得通過做一些研究或準(zhǔn)備我們就在進(jìn)步，但實(shí)際上我們還停留在起點(diǎn)上。
答案解析 G。由題干關(guān)鍵信息making progress、doing some research or making preparations和we are stayingat the starting point定位到G段。該段第一句提到，在這類情況下，我們往往聲稱我們正在準(zhǔn)備或研究最好的方法，但是這些合理化的說法讓我們覺得自己在前進(jìn)，而實(shí)際上我們只是在白費(fèi)力氣。由此可知，題干是對(duì)該句內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。其中Sometimes對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的In situations like this one, 而we may feel likewe are making progress by doing some research or making preparations對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的we often claim that we are preparing or researching the best method, but these rationalizations allow us to feel like we are moving forward, 而actually we are staying at the starting point對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的we are merely spinning our wheels。
43.題干譯文 我們傾向于認(rèn)為知識(shí)的匱乏會(huì)阻礙我們走向更美好的未來。
答案解析 B。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息a lack of knowledge和prevents us from advancing to a better future定位到B段。該段第三句提到，我們很容易認(rèn)為，你現(xiàn)在所處的位置和你未來想要達(dá)到的位置之間的差距是由知識(shí)的匱乏所造成的。換句話說，我們傾向于認(rèn)為知識(shí)的匱乏會(huì)阻礙我們走向更美好的未來。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的We are inclined to think that對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 It can be easy to assume that, 而alack of knowledge prevents us from advancing to a better future是對(duì)原文the gap between where you are now and where you want to be in the future is caused by a lack of knowledge的概括總結(jié)。
44.題干譯文 學(xué)習(xí)本身可以使你受益，但只有實(shí)踐才能將你學(xué)到的東西轉(zhuǎn)化為有意義的貢獻(xiàn)。
答案解析 I。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Learning can benefit you by itself、practice和meaningful contributions定位到I段。該段首句提到，更重要的是，實(shí)踐是用你的知識(shí)做出有意義貢獻(xiàn)的唯一途徑。接下來舉例進(jìn)行論證，最后一句總結(jié)到，學(xué)習(xí)本身對(duì)你來說可能是有價(jià)值的，但是如果你想對(duì)別人有價(jià)值，那么你必須用某種方式表達(dá)你的知識(shí)。由此可知, 題干是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的概括總結(jié)。其中Learning can benefit you by itself對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的Learning by itself can be valuable for you, practice是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn); 而but only practice can turn what you learninto meaningful contributions對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 practice is the only way to make a meaningful contribution with your knowledge。
45.題干譯文 練習(xí)就是有意地重復(fù)一個(gè)過程以達(dá)到一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)。
答案解析 D。 由題干關(guān)鍵信息Practice、repeating a process intentionally和attain a particular objective定位到D段。該段第三句引用托馬斯·斯特納的話提到，他說：“當(dāng)我們練習(xí)某件事時(shí)，我們是在有意識(shí)地重復(fù)一個(gè)過程， 目的是達(dá)到一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)?！庇纱丝芍?，題干是對(duì)托馬斯·斯特納原話的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，其中Practice對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的When we practice something, involves對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的are involved in, repeating a process intentionally對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的the deliberate repetition of a process, 而 to attain a particular objective對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的with the intention of reaching a specific goal。
46.【定位】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞research in human-vehicle interaction可以將答案定位到第一段。
A)【解析】第一段第一句指出，人車交互領(lǐng)域的研究表明，即使是設(shè)計(jì)用于自動(dòng)駕駛的系統(tǒng)也遠(yuǎn)不能避免出錯(cuò)。由此可知，自動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)不能保證不會(huì)出錯(cuò)，故選項(xiàng)A正確。原文中并沒有無人駕駛車輛被誤用的表述，故排除B項(xiàng)。第一段提到了該研究著眼于自動(dòng)駕駛汽車制造商在法律上應(yīng)采取何種措施，但并未提及自動(dòng)駕駛汽車制造商是否意識(shí)到其中涉及的法律問題，選項(xiàng)C與原文不符，故排除。文章的討論是建立在人車可以交互的基礎(chǔ)上，D項(xiàng)與此不符，故排除。
47.【定位】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞sign end-user license agreements可以將答案定位到第二段。
B)【解析】第二段最后三句指出，此外，大多數(shù)終端用戶并不會(huì)去閱讀終端用戶許可協(xié)議。2017年的一項(xiàng)研究表明，91%的人在沒有閱讀的情況下就同意了這些協(xié)議。在年輕人中，97%的人在未審閱條款的情況下就表示同意。由此可知，大多數(shù)終端用戶都懶得閱讀條款就簽署了協(xié)議，故選項(xiàng)B正確。其他三項(xiàng)在原文中并未提及，故均排除。
48.【定位】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“warning fatigue”可以將答案定位到第四段。
C)【解析】第四段第二句提到，例如，駕駛員在連續(xù)收到警告后會(huì)感到惱火，可能會(huì)選擇直接忽視該信息，即盡管他們反復(fù)收到警告，但不會(huì)采取任何行動(dòng)，故選項(xiàng)C正確。其他三項(xiàng)在原文中并未提及，故均排除。
49.【定位】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞continuing to ask buyers to sign end-user license agreements可以將答案定位到第四段最后一句。
D)【解析】第四段最后一句指出，鑒于這些局限性和顧慮，即使這種獲取同意的模式得以推進(jìn)，也可能無法充分保護(hù)汽車制造商在系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障或發(fā)生事故時(shí)免于承擔(dān)法律責(zé)任。由此可知，繼續(xù)要求購買者簽署終端用戶許可協(xié)議可能無法為制造商提供足夠多免除法律責(zé)任的保護(hù)，故選項(xiàng)D正確。其他三項(xiàng)在原文中并未提及，故均排除。
50.【定位】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞fully understand system capabilities and limitations可以將答案定位到最后一段第一句。
B)【解析】該句指出，自動(dòng)駕駛車輛的駕駛員培訓(xùn)有助于確保駕駛員充分了解系統(tǒng)的功能和局限性，即通過培訓(xùn)，可以幫助他們更加了解系統(tǒng)，故選項(xiàng)B正確。選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C在原文中并未提及，故排除。最后一段第三句提到，最近有證據(jù)表明，即使依靠賣方提供的信息也無法回答許多問題，因此為駕駛員獲取賣方提供的信息提供便利可以幫助他們充分了解系統(tǒng)的功能和局限性的說法是不準(zhǔn)確的，故D項(xiàng)可排除。
51.【定位】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞publicity over protein in America可定位到原文第二段。
A)【解析】該段提到，與每個(gè)人都需要更多蛋白質(zhì)的宣傳相反，大多數(shù)美國人攝入的蛋白質(zhì)是他們所需量的兩倍。隨后第三段進(jìn)一步指出，我們?cè)S多生活在最發(fā)達(dá)國家的人們都相信了一個(gè)由食品公司和自詡為健康專家的人創(chuàng)造的蛋白質(zhì)缺乏的錯(cuò)誤觀念，這表明美國對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)的宣傳助長了蛋白質(zhì)缺乏的錯(cuò)誤觀念，故本題選A。原文并沒有提到對(duì)蛋白質(zhì)的宣傳為美國人尋找富含蛋白質(zhì)的飲食提供了幫助，也沒有提到宣傳引起了健康擔(dān)憂或得到了資助，故B、C、D三項(xiàng)可排除。
52.【定位】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞physicians in the U. S. never actually examined a patient with protein deficiency可以定位到第四段第二句。
C)【解析】該句指出，美國的醫(yī)生從未真正檢查過蛋白質(zhì)缺乏癥患者，因?yàn)橹灰刻鞌z入足夠的熱量，我們就很可能也攝入了足夠的蛋白質(zhì)。原文明確指出美國人通過正常飲食就能獲得足夠的蛋白質(zhì)，而不是通過購買富含蛋白質(zhì)的食品、攝入專家建議的熱量或依賴食品補(bǔ)充劑來獲取充足的蛋白質(zhì)，故選項(xiàng)C正確，選項(xiàng)A、B、D均可排除。
53.【定位】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the most preferable protein intake可以定位到原文第五段。題干中的 preferable和該段中的desirable是同義替換。
B)【解析】該段指出，事實(shí)上，美國人目前的蛋白質(zhì)攝入量幾乎是美國國家醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院建議的每日蛋白質(zhì)攝入量的兩倍，盡管最理想的蛋白質(zhì)攝入量可能因年齡和活動(dòng)水平而有所不同。這表明年齡和活動(dòng)水平是決定最理想蛋白質(zhì)攝入量的重要因素，故選項(xiàng)B正確。文章沒有提到健康狀況、吃的食物、蛋白質(zhì)攝入量、體重或蛋白質(zhì)缺乏的嚴(yán)重程度及補(bǔ)救措施是決定蛋白質(zhì)攝入量的因素，故選項(xiàng)A、C、D可排除。
54.【定位】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞a century可以定位到原文第七段。
D)【解析】該段指出，一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來，脂肪和糖一直輪流受到攻擊，而蛋白質(zhì)卻一直是我們的最愛。由此可知，含糖和高脂肪的食物是不受人們歡迎的，選項(xiàng)D正確。據(jù)此選項(xiàng)A、B、C均可排除。
55.【定位】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞people in developed countries可以定位到原文最后一段第一句。
A)【解析】最后一段第一句指出，現(xiàn)在，大多數(shù)生活在高收入國家的人都攝入了足夠的蛋白質(zhì)，并沒有提到每天攝入足夠的蛋白質(zhì)是保持健康的方法，故排除選項(xiàng)C。隨后第二句指出，當(dāng)我們用蛋白質(zhì)棒或蛋白飲料代替正餐時(shí)，我們也有可能錯(cuò)過真正食物中豐富的抗氧化劑、維生素和許多其他有益物質(zhì)。這暗示了作者認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該更多地享用天然食品，而不是過度依賴蛋白質(zhì)補(bǔ)充品，故本題應(yīng)選A，選項(xiàng)D可排除。原文并未提到吃素食，故選項(xiàng)B可排除。
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