2011年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)輔導(dǎo)：閱讀專項(xiàng)練習(xí)及詳解(2)

　　第一節(jié)（綜述）

　　2       原文重現(xiàn)：原文告訴你選什么，你就應(yīng)該選什么，不能憑感覺和想象。
　　2       盡量少讀：六級(jí)更多的對(duì)點(diǎn)出題，而不是對(duì)面出題。

　　所有句子都認(rèn)識(shí)，但不知道整段的意思。But, Yet, However 轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后面是重點(diǎn)，常考點(diǎn)做題是要?jiǎng)澫聛?lái)。

　　六級(jí)題型：

　　1.      主旨題（Sum Up/Title）--看文章每段第一句（抓大放小，找最重要的，看每段的第一句），但是當(dāng)文章的段落特別多時(shí)不適應(yīng)。

　　24. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?
　　A) Advantages and disadvantages of automation.
　　B) Labour and the effects of automation.
　　C) Unemployment benefit plans and automation.
　　D) Social benefits of automation.

　　注：文章三段第一句都出現(xiàn)automation，兩段出現(xiàn)labour，因此這兩個(gè)詞是重點(diǎn)，必然在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)。

　　Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the "Second Industrial Revolution".

　　注：refers to 指的是（對(duì)前面的詞下定義）

　　Labour's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.

　　注：labour 雇員（即employee）

　　concern [U]: (concern over/for/about sth./sb.) worry, anxiety

　　To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the "improvement factor", which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.

　　注：union 工會(huì)，聯(lián)盟，和雇員有關(guān)

　　2.      詞匯題--找詞所在句子關(guān)系
　　轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。例如：六級(jí)很難，但是……，找轉(zhuǎn)折連詞But, Yet, However。
　　并列關(guān)系。例如：A and B，問(wèn)A就把B內(nèi)容填進(jìn)去。六級(jí)中and前后一定是一致的。
　　解釋關(guān)系。用because和從句in which等聯(lián)系。

　　例如：

　　30. "An identifying figure" (Line 2, Para. 5) refers to a person ______.
　　A) who serves as a model for others
　　B) who is always successful
　　C) who can be depended upon
　　D) who has been rewarded for his success

　?。ㄎ恼虑八亩问÷裕?/p>

　　Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.

　　注：把握and前后是并列關(guān)系。（榜樣就是別人敬仰的人）記住不要多讀?。?！多讀會(huì)選錯(cuò)！

 

　　3.      細(xì)節(jié)題--（針對(duì)原文的一點(diǎn)、一句話、一個(gè)詞組）直接細(xì)節(jié)、推理題（因果推理找as/because/since和暗示題imply）

　　例如：
　　推理題：31. It is implied that fifty years ago ____________ .
　　A) eighty percent of American working people were employed in factories
　　B) twenty percent of American intellectuals were employees
　　C) the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers
　　D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers（反推）

　　直接細(xì)節(jié)題：
　　34. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is _______ .
　　A) less important than awareness of being a good employee（把句中話反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)）
　　B) as important as the ability to deal with public relations
　　C) more important than employer- employee relations
　　D) as important as the ability to co- operate with others in the organization

　　Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper - class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.

　　Yet you will fine little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist' s trade or bookkeeping (簿記). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.

　　4.      作者態(tài)度題（attitude）--正負(fù)態(tài)度
　　凡是文章探討新事物--正態(tài)度（新正：支持）
　　凡是文章探討老事物--負(fù)態(tài)度（老負(fù)：抨擊、反對(duì)）
　　例外：中立題（不常見）

　　25. The writer's attitude towards the use of the telephone is ______.
　　A) affectionate
　　B) disapproving
　　C) approving
　　D) neutral