英語(yǔ)六級(jí)攻克閱讀關(guān)鍵句324. New research now suggests that climate sh

324. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates（靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物）some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture.

譯文　一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，氣候的變化幾乎在人類進(jìn)化中的每一次重要關(guān)頭都扮演了關(guān)鍵角色：從6500萬(wàn)年前的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物到人類祖先的直立行走；從人類腦容量的增加到農(nóng)業(yè)的興起。

點(diǎn)睛　本句的主干是New research...suggests that...。that引導(dǎo)的是suggests的賓語(yǔ)從句that climate shifts have played...；冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容from the dawn of...to the rise of agriculture對(duì)該從句進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

shift在句中意為“轉(zhuǎn)變”，該詞還可指“輪班”。如：

I don't want to work the night shift. 我不想上夜班。

turning point意為“轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻”。如：

This interview was a turning point in his career. 這次面試是他事業(yè)上的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。

dawn原本意為“黎明”，引申義為“開端；萌芽”。如：

They are looking forward to the dawn of better days. 他們期待更好日子的來(lái)臨。

expansion意為“擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展”。如：

The board are against a major savings expansion. 董事會(huì)反對(duì)大量擴(kuò)充儲(chǔ)蓄業(yè)務(wù)。

考點(diǎn)歸納　rise、arise和raise這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞形似義近，均有“上升；舉起；漲高”之意，但存在一定的區(qū)別。

rise為不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后面不能加賓語(yǔ)，可指具體的或抽象的動(dòng)作。如：

The river rises every spring. 河水每年春天都會(huì)上漲。

The people wanted to rise against the oppression. 人民想起義反抗壓迫。

arise為不及物動(dòng)詞，多用于詩(shī)歌或比喻中，常用抽象名詞作主語(yǔ)。如：

These problems have arisen as a result of your carelessness. 出現(xiàn)這些問(wèn)題是因?yàn)槟愦中摹?

raise為及物動(dòng)詞，要帶賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)還指“養(yǎng)育；提出問(wèn)題”等。如：

The boss decided to raise Bob's salary. 老板決定給鮑勃漲工資。

She raised chickens and pigs. 她養(yǎng)雞和豬。

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