2022年12月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（一）

英語六級(jí)閱讀真題，不僅強(qiáng)化詞匯與句型理解，更提升閱讀速度與綜合分析能力。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練，讓考生熟悉題型變化，掌握解題技巧，是沖刺六級(jí)高分不可或缺的寶貴資源。今天，小編將分享2022年12月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（卷一）相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能為大家提供幫助！

Section A

Directions:In this section,there isa passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

During the summer,when I was a visiting poet at aresidency out of state,an angry,confused woman wandered into my class and said:“I have three guns and I want to use them.”We all  26  .It wasn't clear if she had the guns,but we cach know that,when we teach in America,we are already in danger.

I was dizzy with fear.The woman,who later turned out to be a schizophrenic(精神分裂癥患者) without  27  to her medications,was,by some force,wrestled out and  28  away,then put in a hospital for observation,in astep that was actually safer for everyone than any one ofus pressingcharges.My classwent on;we talked about poems.But despite the fact that the rest ofourdays on campus passed  29  ,I was rattled.I couldn't shake the sense that in this country we always live at  30  risk.

A few months later,crisis  31  again.While my husband was locking hisbike to drop off our 3-year-old daughter for her preschool-aged day camp,a different woman approached.Swiftly and for no  32  reason,she bent down,picked up our daughter,andbegan to carry her down the street.It was so fast and confusing that my daughter  33  cried.My husband,in a burst of speed,chased the woman and reclaimed our daughter.The woman,clearly confused,retreated into the public library.A  34  of homeless people who generally know the other homeless in the area said they did not recognize the woman.The woman was so clearlyunwell that when shewas taken into custody she was incoherent. Heartbreakingly,she called our daughter by the name of someone else's child.Each part of the episode was haunting as it was  35  .

A)access

B)apparent

C)barely

D)dedication

E)escorted

F)froze

G)incredible

H)indignant

I) network

J)overriding

K)peacefully

L)presumably

M)stifled

N)struck

O)terrifying

Section B

Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the informationis derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Anuswer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

This man is running 7 marathons on 7 continents in 7 days

A)Michael Wardian pushed forward into the penetratingarctic(北極的)wind,fighting the urge to speed up.Too much effort and he'd begin to sweat,which,he was told,would only increase the risk of hypothermia(體溫過低).

B)At the 2014 NorthPole Marathon,the temperature dipped to minus-22 degrees F,with a wind chill that made it feel even colder.Along the route,armed guards wandered the large sheets of floating ice to minimize the risk of polar bear attacks.

C)“I like to do stuff that scares me,”Wardian said.With ice frozen to his beard,Wardian crossed the finish line that April afternoon in a winning time of 4 hours 7 minutes and 40 seconds,almost two hours slower than his personal best over 26.2 miles.The race for Wardian,however,was lessabout the result than overcoming his aversion to the cold.

D)In a few days,Wardian will once again compete in an unfamiliar territory and below-freezing temperatures.He will line up Monday in Antarctica(南極)for the first leg of the World Marathon Challenge—joining 32 other adventure seekers on an unusual journey where participants travel through different time zones andclimates to run seven marathons on seven continents in seven days.

E)An elite ultra-runner,Wardian has his sights on breaking the event's record average marathon time of 3:32:25 set last January by U.S.Marine Corps captain Daniel Cartica.Wardian,a 42-year-old Arlington resident,is a record-breaking racer,known in the ultra-running community for seeking tough courses and setting world records.Last year,he ran 1,254.65 miles in 47 races.The World Marathon Challenge,like most of Wardian's running goals,will be about pushing his limits.“I love diverse and unique challenges,"he said.“I'm definitely interested in seeing what I can handle and what my body can accept.That drives me.”

F)Something about the way Richard Donovan carried himself appealed to Wardian.Perhaps it was the sense of adventure Donovan displayed when they first met at the 2010 50K Championshipsin Galway,Ireland,where Donovan was therace director.The two hitit off,and soon Wardian wasparticipating in Donovan's events.It was at the North Pole Marathon,a race that Donovan organizes,that Wardian first heard about the Irishman's plan for the World Marathon Challenge—a challenge that Donovan himself completed in 2009 and 2012.“I knew that many people had a goal of running seven marathons on seven continents during any time period,”Donovan,50,said.“I felt the natural extension to this idea would be to try to achieve it within a seven-day period.”

G)Wardian started saving for the trip in 2014,connecting with sponsors and getting approval from his wife,Jennifer,before committing.Registration for the event costs 36,000 euros,which covers international charter flights to each of the seven marathon locations:Union Glacier(Antarctica),PuntaArenas,Chile(South America),Miami(North America),Madrid(Europe),Marrakesh Morocco(Africa),Dubai(Asia)and Sydney(Australia).The challenge is a test of both physica strength and mental fitness.Sleeping on a crammed plane,adjusting to different time zones and finding food to eat(Wardian is a vegetarian)would makeit an exhausting trip over a month,let alone a week.“The key toa race like this is getting comfortable being uncomfortable,”said Becca Pizzi,last year's women's champion.“The highs of the race are incredibly high,and thelows incredibly low.”

H)Since turning it into an organized event in 2015,Donovan has attracted a variety of runners.This year's challenge will feature a far more elite field,which includes Ryan Hall,America's fastest marathon runner.Despite his proven track record,Hall said hehas no time goals and that he still suffers from the same fatigue issues that forced him to leave the professional ranks in 2015.Hall plans to runwith his friend,Pastor Matthew Barnett of The Dream Center in Los Angeles—one of the six American men who will be competing.“I don't expect to run a step with Mike,but I will beexcited to see how he does,”said the 34-year-old Hall,who began weight-lifting after retiring.“If I finish within an hour of him in cach marathon,I'd be surprised.”

I)Instead,43-year-old Petr Vabrousek,an elite Czech Ironman champion,is expectedto be Wardian's closest challenger.To others on the trip,simply finishing will be its own reward.Sinead Kane of Ireland is aiming to become the first blind person to completethe challenge.And Beth Ann Telford,a 47-year-old federal government worker from Fairfax and the only American female in this year's mix, is using the event as a platform to raise money for cancer research.It's a cause with a personal connection to Telford,who was diagnosed with brain cancer in 2004.“Doing something like this is definitely the hardest challenge that I've ever done except for the chemotherapy and brain surgery,” she said.“It'sgoing to raise awareness...I just wanted to dosomething that is epic and thiscertainly is right up there.”Wardian,too,hopes his involvement will givehim aplatform to promote acause.He recently became an ambassador for the United Nations Women's He For She initiative to fight inequalities faced bywomen and girls worldwide.

J)On achilly December afternoon,Wardian wove throughWashington's crowded sidewalks on the way home from his fulltime job as an international ship broker.His elastic,6-foot frame bounced gently and efficiently off the ground with each step of the hilly six-mile trip back to Arlington.This is a daily routine during the week for Wardian,who started racing professionally in 2003 and runs seven days a week,often multiple times a day.When  hetravels,he prefers to explore new places on his feet.

K)But in some ways,Wardian still has trouble thinking of himself as a runner.For the majority of his childhood,Wardian devoted his energy to becoming a Division I lacrosse(長(zhǎng)曲棍球)player—a dream he realized when he was recruited to play at Michigan State University.“Once he decides to do something,he just works at it until he does it,”Michael's younger sister,Maricle,said.“Once he decides to do it,it's usually something that's going to happen.He's always been like that.He's a very motivated individual.”

L)It was only a year or so ago that Wardian realized that he had been a runner longer thana lacrosse player.It was not until he ran in the 2004 U.S.Olympic Marathon Trials—the first of thre for Wardian—that he felt that he was a legitimate runner.Now more than 10 years and numerous ultra-marathon national titles and world recordslater,heembraces that identity.Wardian wants to see how far his legs can take him,one epic challenge at a time.“I wantto always keep doing things that are exciting,adventurous,different and most importantly,probably things I'm not the best at,”Wardian said,“because if you're not seeking things out that are challenging and difficult for you,then you're not growing...So I hope maybe people see what I do,and say,‘Okay,I want to do something different or try something new...I'm going to do something that scares me.’That's what I'm hoping people will take from it.”

36.Wardian regards thevarious extraordinary challenges as a test of his physical endurance.

37.Wardian hopes his participation in the seven-day marathon series will contributeto a worthy cause. 

38.Wardian is going to join over thirty other runners in a week-long marathon series.

39.Over-exertion in extreme cold can lower one'sbody temperature to a dangerouspoint. 

40.Wardian was very much impresed by a race director's sense of adventure.

41.Once Wardian sets hismind on something,he is determined to make ithappen.

42.One top American marathoner quit his running career because of his physical condition

43.To many of theweek-long marathon participants,completing therace will be a successin itself.

44.For Wardian,the marathon in the Arctic was more about how to triumph over the extreme cold.

45.To participate in the seven-day marathon series,Wardian had to raise a lot of money and have his wife's support.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Many people associate their self-worth with their work.The more successful their career,the better they feel about themselves.Work-related self-esteem is therefore a worthy ideal to pursue with vigor,right?Well,not always.According to recent rescarch,in which psychologists interviewed 370 full-time workers over a period of three weeks,the realityisalittle more complicated.And it involves negative as well as positive consequences.

It's natural to be drawn towards pleasure and to step away from pain.In the workplace,if that pleasure comes from a triumph which swells our self-respect,people will try to repeat the accomplishment.But repeating that accomplishment is often not realistic,which can lead to severe negative emotional consequences when it doesn't reoccur.This form of motivation is widely regarded as a negative type of motivation.It can hinder other more positivemotivation types,such as completing a task purely because it's fulfilling or enjoyable.

What consumes the employee instead is a pressing need to feel mighty and sure of themselves.They then take on only tasks andobjectives which serve that ego-driven need.As a result,to avoid feelingsof shame and worthlessness associated with failure,they extend themselves to such a degree that there's a subsequent adverse effect on their well-being.This internal pressure to succeed at all costs demands a lot of effort.It depletes their energy,culminating in disproportionate levels of damaging sentiment.

Those negative emotions mount into heightened anxiety,impacting their ability to make the most of their personal life.Their desire toavoid feeling inferior endsup making them feel inferiorwhen it comes to their diminished capacity for friendship and leisure.They end up dissatisfied both at work and outside of it.

But thankfully,for those people compelled almost entirely by this specific form of motivation,the news isn't all bad,or bad at all.The study also discovered several positive outcomes that can actually outweigh the harmful ones.Though these types of employees aremotivated by the desire to avoid negative consequences,they are also motivated by the excitement of pursuing emotional rewards.This excitement makes pursuing goals enjoyable and stimulates pleasure and pride that would resultfrom success.An effcet of the positive motivation is that it neutralizes the existence of negative motivation

Sure,it affects people's personal lives to what could be deemed an unhealthy extent,because leisure activities are often seen as a part of life that must be sacrificed to manage work and family demands.However,the way people feel about their work has less to do with whether they're motivated by the preservation of self-esteem but more with the fact thatthey're simply motivated.

46.What does the author say about the pursuit of work-related self-csteem?

A)It may result innegative motivation.

B)It contributes to one's accomplishments.

C)It can increase one's vigor as one keeps trying.

D)It costs too much emotionally and psychologically.

47.What do employees tend to do in pursuing work-related self-csteem?

A)Take on tasks well beyond their actual capabilities.   

B)Strive to succed at the expense of their well-being.   

C)Resort to allmeans regardless of the consequences.   

D)Exaggerate their sense of shame and worthlessness.

48.What do we learn about people over-concerned with work-related self-esteem?

A)They may often feel inferior to their colleagues.   

B)They cannot enjoy their personal life to the full.   

C)They are never satisfied with their achievements.

D)They have their own view of friendship and leisure

49.What is the good news we learn from the recent research?

A)The pursuit of goals may turn out to be enjoyable and pleasant.

B)The emotional rewards from goalpursuit are worth the pains taken.

C)The negative consequences of goal pursuit can mostly be avoided.

D)The goal of swelling self-esteem can be achieved if one keeps trying. 

50.What canwe infer from the last paragraph?

A)Workers have to make sacrifices to preserve self-csteem

B)Self-estecm swells when workers are strongly motivated.

C)Pursuit of goals affects people's personal lives to an unhealthy extent. 

D)People feel positive about their work aslong as they are motivated.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Degradation of the world's natural resources by humans is rapidly outpacing the planet's ability to absorb the damage,a recent UN environmental study has found.The study concludes that without radica action the level of prosperity that millions of people in the developed world count on will be impossible to maintain or extend to poorer countries.

Water scarcity is the curse of some of the poorest regions on Earth,leaving developing countries increasingly unable to feed themselves,and causing hardship for millions of people.There appears little prospect of this desperate situationbeing remedied without radical action being taken.Water resources are under increasing threat from population growth,climate change,rapid urbanization,rising levels of consumption,and the degradation of lands that previously provided a natural replenishment(補(bǔ)充)of water resources.

Therate of damage to the natural environment was found to increase globally,despite concerted efforts to persuade governments to take measures to improve the condition.“If current trends continue,and the world fails to improve patterns of production and consumption,then the state of the world's environment will continue to decline,"warned UN cxecutive director Achim Steiner.

He said the tools for improving the environment for millions of people existed in developed countries, but were in danger of not being used.

The study found that basic measures to tackle some of the key causes of environmental damage were still not being taken.These included measures to reduce air pollution,to control the damage to marine eco-systems,which can have a huge effect on fish stocks on which hundreds of millions of people depend; and to curb the degradation of landwhere modern agricultural methods were pursued without regard to the longer-term consequences.

Despite the recent global agreement on cutting greenhouse gas emissions,global carbon output continues to rise.This will put a long-term strain on the ability of developing economics to feed theirown people.Climate change is aggravated by the emissions of greenhouse gases from chemical and natural fertilisers used in agriculture which increased by more than a quarter between 2000 and 2010.Other problem areasidentified in the report included glaciers,whichprovide vitalwater resources formillons of people,but which are shrinking as the climate warms.

In rich countries,these problems have built up over decades and centuries while economic growth was pursued atthe expense of the environment.Subsequent efforts to remedy the environment have met with partial success.But indeveloping countries,thepath of future development hasmore potential to change,which has encouraged international institutions to devise more sustainable growth pathways that are supposed both to alleviate  poverty and preserve the environment.

51.What is the major finding of the UN environmental study?

A)Human activity has rendered Mother Earth almost uninhabitable.

B)Humans are doing more damage to the earth than it can cope with.

C)Environmental problems have considerably weakened human prosperity.  

D)Environmental damage is more serious in developed countries these days.

52.What is said about water scarcity in some of the poorest regions? 

A)It is getting so serious that there is littlehope of solution.

B)It largely accounts for their slow economicdevelopment.    

C)It can hardly be relieved if no drastic measures are taken.

D)It is primarily caused by the acceleration of climate change.    

53.What does Achim Steiner say about the environmental condition?

A)It will deteriorate worldwide. 

B)It is attracting global attention.  

C)Itisbeing slowly remedied globally.

D)It will shrink the world's population.

54.What is the dilemma developing countries face?

A)They cannot modernise farming without causing landdegradation.

B)They cannot promote industrialisation without polluting waterways.

C)They cannot boost crop yieldswithout causing greenhouse gas emissions.

D)They cannot catch up with rich countries without sacrificing the environment.

55.What should developing countries do in their future development according to the passage?

A)They turn to developed countries for the assistance they need.

B)They remedy environmental damage by slowing economic growth.

C)They avoid damaging interference from international institutions.

D)They improve people's livelihood without harming the environment.

26.F)【語義判斷】空格所在句的前一句提到，有個(gè)女人表示自己有槍并且想要使用它們，由此可推斷教室中的人都受到驚嚇很害怕，froze“(因害怕等)不動(dòng)，停住；嚇呆”符合語境，故答案為F)。

27.A)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是闖入教室的女人后來被證明患有精神分裂癥，空格所在介詞短語用來進(jìn)一步描述提到的這個(gè)女人，介詞to后面提到“藥物”,結(jié)合空格所在段內(nèi)容可推斷出這個(gè)女人應(yīng)該沒有進(jìn)行藥物治療。此處應(yīng)指“未獲得藥物治療”,access“(使用的)機(jī)會(huì)，權(quán)利”符合句意，故答案為A)。

28.E)【語義判斷】空格所在句描述的是這個(gè)女人被摔倒在地，之后又被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院的一系列動(dòng)作，由動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序可推斷出，女人在被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院之前應(yīng)該是先被送出教室，be escorted“被護(hù)送”是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且符合句意，故答案為E)。

29.K)【語義判斷】空格所在句描述的是這次危險(xiǎn)事件結(jié)束后作者的狀態(tài)：盡管我們?cè)谛@里的余下日子過得_____,我仍然很不安。despite引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，說明前后語義有矛盾，peacefully“平靜地”與“不安”語義相反，且符合句意，由此確定K)為答案。

30.G)【語義判斷】空格所在句意思是通過這次危險(xiǎn)事件后，作者無法擺脫“我們總是處于危險(xiǎn)中”的觀念。由上文可知，在美國隨時(shí)隨地都可能遇到諸如此類的危險(xiǎn)事件，說明這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)生率是很高的，此處側(cè)重于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的頻率而非程度。由此確定G)incredible為答案。  

31.N)【語義判斷】在動(dòng)詞過去式中，struck可以搭配主語crisis,且從后文的敘述可知，作者的丈夫和女兒也遭遇了危險(xiǎn)事件，struck“侵襲”符合語境，故答案為N)。

32.B)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，沒有什么原因，這個(gè)女人抱起我們的女兒就往街上走，后一句再次提及一切發(fā)生得太快且令人困惑，說明空格處填入的形容詞應(yīng)有“明確，清楚”的意思。由此確定B)apparent為答案。 

33.C)【語義判斷】空格所在句是一個(gè)“so...that... ”句型，后半句是前半句導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，該句的意思是一切發(fā)生得太快，令人困惑，以至于我的女兒_____哭。遭遇被搶奪的危險(xiǎn)，按照正常情況孩子肯定會(huì)哭，但是前面強(qiáng)調(diào)了事情發(fā)生得太突然，由此可推斷作者的女兒應(yīng)該還沒來得及反應(yīng)過來，所以此處應(yīng)該是“沒有哭”C,)barely“幾乎沒有”符合語境，故為答案。

34.I)【語義判斷】名詞中，network是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式且能與a搭配。此外，空格所在句的意思是 這些無家可歸的人通常也都認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)地方其他同樣無家可歸的人，說明他們之間也相互聯(lián)系，存在著一張關(guān)系網(wǎng)，I)符合句意，故為答案。

35.O)【語義判斷】空格所在句的意思是這段插曲的每一個(gè)部分都令人難以忘懷，as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，解釋難以忘懷的原因。備選項(xiàng)中的形容詞terrifying表示“可怕的”,用在這里表示因?yàn)榭膳?，所以難以忘懷，符合語境，故答案為O)。

36.【定位】由題干中的various和challenges定位到文章E)段。

E)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。E)段倒數(shù)第二、三句提出，沃迪恩喜歡多樣化和獨(dú)一無二的挑戰(zhàn)，他很想看看自己能應(yīng)付什么，身體能接受什么，由此可知，題干是對(duì)該處信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題于中的various extraordinary對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的diverseand unique,題干中的a test of his physical endurance是對(duì)原文中what my body can accept的轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為E)。

37.【定位】由題干中的Wardian hopes和cause定位到I)段倒數(shù)第二句。

I)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。I)段倒數(shù)第二句提到，沃迪恩也希望他的參與能給他一個(gè)促進(jìn)事業(yè)的平臺(tái)。而結(jié)合前文，這是在講述沃迪恩打算參加一個(gè)7天馬拉松系列賽的情況，題干是對(duì)該處信息的轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的his participation對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的his involvement, 題干中的contribute to是對(duì)原文中g(shù)ive him a platform to promote的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為I) 。

38.【定位】由題干中的join、over thirty和week-long定位到文章D)段最后一句。

D)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。D)段定位句提到，他將與32名其他探險(xiǎn)者一起踏上一段不同尋常的旅程，參與者在7天內(nèi)穿越不同的時(shí)區(qū)和氣候，在7大洲跑7場(chǎng)馬拉松?？芍}干是對(duì)定位句信息的轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的over thirty other runners對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的32 other adventure seekers,題干中的a week-long marathon series是對(duì)原文中“seven marathons...in seven days”的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為D)。

39.【定位】由題干中的over-exertion和extreme cold定位到A)段。

A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。A)段第一句提到北極刺骨的風(fēng)，第二句又指出，沃迪恩被告知，如果他過度發(fā)力，會(huì)開始出汗，而這樣只會(huì)增加體溫過低的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?？芍}干是對(duì)本句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的over-exertion 對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的too much effort,題干中的lower one's body temperature to a dangerous point是對(duì)原文中increase the risk of hypothermia的轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為A)。

40.【定位】由題干中的race director和sense of adventure 定位到文章F)段前三句。

F)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。F)段第一句說，理查德·多諾萬的舉止吸引了沃迪恩，接著提到，吸引沃迪恩的就是他們?cè)?010年的50K錦標(biāo)賽上首次相遇時(shí)多諾萬表現(xiàn)出來的冒險(xiǎn)感，在愛爾蘭戈?duì)栱f舉行的錦標(biāo)賽上，多諾萬擔(dān)任比賽總監(jiān)。可知題干是對(duì)該處信息的概括。題干中的very much impressed對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的appealed to,故答案為F)。

41.【定位】由題干中的 determined定位到K)段倒數(shù)第三、四句。

K)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。K)段定位句提到，妹妹瑪麗勒評(píng)價(jià)沃迪恩時(shí)說，一旦他決定做某件事，他就會(huì)不懈努力，直至完成。一旦他決定這樣做，通常都能實(shí)現(xiàn)。題干中的sets his mind on something對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的decides to do something，題干中的 make it happen對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的works at it until he does it和something that's going to happen,故答案為K)。

42.【定位】由題干中的one top American marathoner定位到文章H)段第二、三句。

H)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。H)段定位句指出，今年的挑戰(zhàn)賽特色是一個(gè)更為精英的圈子加入，其中包括美國最快的馬拉松選手瑞安·霍爾。而隨后一句中提到，霍爾因面臨著疲勞問題，迫使他于2015年離開了職業(yè)隊(duì)伍?？芍}干是對(duì)定位部分信息的概括歸納。題干中的quit his runningcarer對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的leave the professional ranks,題干中的physical condition對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的fatigue issues, 故答案為H)。

43.【定位】由題干中的completing the race定位到文章I)段第二句。

I)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。I)段定位句指出，對(duì)旅途中的其他人來說，只要完成任務(wù)，這本身就是一種嘉獎(jiǎng)了。根據(jù)前文，這里所說的旅途就是為期一周的馬拉松賽事。題干中的“to many of the... participants”對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的to others on the trip,題干中的a success對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的reward,題干中的in itself對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的“simply...its own”,故答案為I)。

44.【定位】由題干中的for Wardian和cold 定位到文章C)段最后一句。

C)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。前文提到沃迪恩是在北極參加馬拉松，而C)段的定位句提到，沃迪恩參加這次比賽，與其說是為了成績(jī)，不如說是為了克服他 對(duì)寒冷的厭惡。題干中的the marathon in the Arctic 對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的the race,題干中的more about對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的less about the result than,題干中的triumph over the extreme cold 對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的overcoming his aversion to the cold,故答案為C)。

45.【定位】由題干中的hiswife定位到文章G)段第一句。

G)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。G)段定位句提到，沃迪恩于2014年開始為旅行存錢，與費(fèi)助商聯(lián)系，并在承諾報(bào)名之前獲得妻子詹妮弗的認(rèn)可。題干中的to participate in theseven-daymarathon series對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的for the trip in 2014,題干中的raise a lot of money是對(duì)原文中saving和connecting with sponsors的概括性轉(zhuǎn)述，題干中的have his wife's support對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的getting approval from his wife,故答案為G)。

46.【定位】由題干中的work-related self-esteem 定位到第一、二段。

A)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章首段指出，根據(jù)最近的研究，追求與工作相關(guān)的自尊會(huì)同時(shí)產(chǎn)生積極和消極的結(jié)果。第二段第二至四句又指出，如果人們因工作成就增強(qiáng)了自尊心而感到快樂，就會(huì)試圖重復(fù)這種成就，但這往往并不現(xiàn)實(shí)，因?yàn)槿绻麤]有再取得這樣的成就，就可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面情緒后果。因此這種形式的動(dòng)機(jī)被廣泛認(rèn)為是一種消極的動(dòng)機(jī)。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為追求與工作相關(guān)的自尊可能導(dǎo)致消極的動(dòng)機(jī)，故答案為A)。

47.【定位】由題干中的empl oyees定位到第三段。

B)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段第三、四句提到為了避免與失敗相關(guān)的羞恥感和無價(jià)值感，員工非常拼命，不惜一切代價(jià)獲得成功，這不利于他們獲得幸福。由此可知，員工在追求與工作相關(guān)的自尊時(shí)往往是以犧牲幸福為代價(jià)的，故答案為B)。

48.【定位】由題干中的over-concerned和work- related self-esteem定位到第四段。

B)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第四段第一句指出，這些負(fù)面情緒上升為高度焦慮，影響了他們盡情享受個(gè)人生活的能力。由此可知，這些員工過度關(guān)注與工作相關(guān)的自尊，以至于無法充分享受個(gè)人生活，故答案為B)。

49.【定位】由題干中的good news和recent research定位到第五段。

A)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段第二至四句提到，該研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)積極的結(jié)果，那就是：盡管這種類型的員工的動(dòng)機(jī)是避免消極后果，但他們也會(huì)被追求情感回報(bào)的興奮感所激勵(lì)。這種興奮感使追求目標(biāo)變得愉快，并激發(fā)了成功帶來的快樂和自豪感。由此可知，研究新發(fā)現(xiàn)的好消息就是：追求目標(biāo)也可能是一種享受和快樂，故答案為A)。

50.【定位】由題干中的last paragraph定位到最后一段。

D)【精析】推理判斷題。最后一段最后一句指出，人們對(duì)工作的感覺與他們是否受到維護(hù)自尊的激勵(lì)關(guān)系不大，而更多與他們僅僅受到激勵(lì)這一事實(shí)有關(guān)。說明人們是否能積極面對(duì)工作主要和他們受到激勵(lì)有關(guān)，而具體這種激勵(lì)是從何而來并不是很重要，由此可以推斷，只要有激勵(lì)，有動(dòng)力，人們就會(huì)積極面對(duì)工作，故答案為D)。

51.【定位】由題干中的UNenvironmental study定位到第一段。

B)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章首段第一句指出，最近一項(xiàng)聯(lián)合國環(huán)境研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類對(duì)世界自然資源的破壞正快速超過地球承受傷害的能力。由此可知，人類對(duì)地球造成的破壞已經(jīng)超出了地球所能承受的范圍，故答案為B)。

52.【定位】由題干中的water scarcity和the poorest regions定位到第二段。

C)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段第二句指出，如果不采取激進(jìn)的行動(dòng)，這種令人絕望的情況幾乎無法得到改善。由此可知，如果不采取嚴(yán)厲措施，很難緩解缺水問題，故答案為C)。

53.【定位】由題干中的Achim Steiner和environmental condition定位到第三段。

A)【精析】推理判斷題。文章第三段第二句指出，聯(lián)合國執(zhí)行主任阿希姆 ·施泰納警告道：“如果目前 的趨勢(shì)繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，并且全世界的生產(chǎn)方式和消費(fèi)模式也不改進(jìn)的話，那么全世界的環(huán)境將會(huì)繼續(xù)惡化?！庇纱丝芍?，阿希姆·施泰納認(rèn)為全球環(huán)境會(huì)繼續(xù)惡化，故答案為A)。

54.【定位】由題干中的dilemma和developing countries定位到第六段。

C)【精析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第六段第一至三句指出，全球碳排放量一直居高不下，這對(duì)發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟(jì)體養(yǎng)活本國人民將會(huì)造成長(zhǎng)期的壓力。在2000年至2010年期間，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中化學(xué)肥料和天然肥料的使用量增加了四分之一以上，其所產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放加劇了氣候變化。由此可知，發(fā)展中國家要想提高作物產(chǎn)量，需要借助現(xiàn)代化農(nóng)業(yè)手段，這一定會(huì)造成溫室氣體排放，故答案為C)。

55.【定位】由題干中的developing countries和future development定位到最后一段。

D)【精析】推理判斷題。文章最后一段最后一句指出，在發(fā)展中國家，未來的發(fā)展道路充滿了變數(shù)，這鼓勵(lì)了國際機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)更多的可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)途徑，既能減少貧困，又能保護(hù)環(huán)境。由此可知，發(fā)展中國家要走可持續(xù)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)道路，在保護(hù)環(huán)境的前提下，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，改善人們的生活，故答案為D)。