大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試中，單獨(dú)考察六級(jí)語(yǔ)法的題型不多，但是語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)卻貫穿整張?jiān)嚲?，下面為大家整理大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，希望可以為大家?guī)?lái)幫助。

　　1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式

　　1)must have done——表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情較有把握的、肯定性的推測(cè)，常譯為“一定，準(zhǔn)是，肯定”，其否定形式是can’t/couldn’thave done，意為“決不可能，不太可能”。

　　e.g. Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.

　　2)should/ought to have done——表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做的卻沒有做，常含有后悔、責(zé)備、埋怨的口吻，意為“本應(yīng)該”，“應(yīng)該就好了”; e.g. With all the work finished, I should have gone to your birthday party last night.

　　3)shouldn’t/ought not to have done——表示過(guò)去不該做的事卻給做了，也常含有責(zé)備、不滿之意，意為“本不該”。

　　e.g. You shouldn’t have gone back to work yesterday without the doctor’s permission.

　　4)may/might have done——表示對(duì)過(guò)去的事情的推測(cè)，但不十分有把握，意為“可能，或許已經(jīng)”。 e.g. A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver may have been hurt.

　　5)could have done——表示過(guò)去有可能或有能力做某事，而實(shí)際未做、未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事;有時(shí)也表示輕度批評(píng)，意為“本來(lái)可以，完全可以”。 e.g. The gas leakage could have been avoided if the gas company took immediate measures after the warning call.

　　6)needn’t have done——表示過(guò)去做了某事，但沒有做的必要，意為“其實(shí)沒有必要”。 e.g. I needn’t have bought all that wine——only three people came.

　　2、可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用的短語(yǔ)

　　would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, cannot but, may/might as well

　　[例1]You________ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.

　　A. needn’t have done B. must not have done

　　C. shouldn’t have done D. can’t have done

　　[例2]I ________to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.

　　A. ought to have written B. must have written

　　C. couldn’t have written D. needn’t have written

　　[例3]You________ those letters. Why didn’t you

　　A. should post B. must have posted

　　C. should have posted D. ought to post