大學(xué)英語四級翻譯必備句型：句子的連接

　　句子的連接

　　第一步：四級精彩句型展示

　　1. The reason why + 句子 … is that + 句子(…的原因是…)

　　這是在四級考試?yán)锩嬗玫煤芏嗟囊粋€定語從句句型，通過why把兩個句子聯(lián)系起來，why后的句子作為從句是the reason的定語。

　　The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.

　　類似的還有those who結(jié)構(gòu)，如：

　　Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished. 違反交通規(guī)定的人應(yīng)該受處罰。

　　2. Since the time that + S + 過去式，S + 現(xiàn)在完成時。

　　該句型用since一詞將兩個句子聯(lián)系起來，表示一種時間關(guān)系。

　　Since the time that he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard. 自從他上高中，他一直很用功。

　　連接在寫作中是很重要的，就像自行車的鏈條，它的好壞會直接影響速度和行駛距離。連接于寫作就如我們身體的水，沒有水就沒有生命，沒有好的連接，相應(yīng)的也不會有精彩的作文問世。

　　第二步：語法精講

　　1. 簡介

　　連接手段(The connective)一般包括連接詞、連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。連接手段是一個很寬泛的概念，概括了復(fù)合句、定語從句、狀語從句等。建議大家結(jié)合本系列叢書的《詞匯?語法?完形填空分冊》中的從句講解進行學(xué)習(xí)。

　　2. 四級必備套句

　　(1) 主語+謂語(過去進行時成過去完成時)+其他成分+when+主語+謂語(一般過去時)+其他成分

　　【分析】該句型中when引導(dǎo)的分句表示分句行為發(fā)生的突然性，when常譯為“就在這時”，該句在記敘文的寫作中經(jīng)常用到。

　　On a rainy day I was driving on the Street of Eternal Peace when I noticed a young man holding up a sign that read “Frank”. 在一個下雨天，我正駕車通過長安街，就在這時我突然注意到一個年輕人舉著一塊牌子，上面寫著“弗蘭克”。

　　(2) No one everything that is going on in the world.

　　【分析】“that is going on in the world”是定語從句，修飾everything，當(dāng)先行詞是everything等不定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞要用that。這句子在闡述原因時是個很有效的句子。

　　No one has time to read an account of everything that is going on in the world. 沒有一個人會有時間去閱讀介紹世界上正在發(fā)生的每一件事情。(在論述有選擇性的閱讀的重要性時)

　　(3) rather than…, we should…

　　【分析】“rather than”意為“而不是”或“沒有去”。

　　Rather than pursue money to achieve happiness, we should focus on the improvement of parts of ourselves.

　　類似的還有other than(=except)除了(表示所說的不包括在內(nèi))。

　　He never speaks to me other than to ask for something. 他除了向我要東西，從不跟我說話。

　　She has no close friends other than me. 她除了我以外從沒有別的好朋友。

　　第三步：練習(xí)與進步

　　A. 翻譯

　　1. 那位演講者聲稱，沒有哪個現(xiàn)代國家像中國那樣在公共事業(yè)資助和保健方面投入其財富的比例如此之小。

　　2. 如果將睡覺的人一開始進入夢鄉(xiāng)就叫醒，即使他們的睡眠總量是足夠的，他們也很可能變得煩躁易怒。

　　3. 雖然他很喜歡她，但確實有時他也對她發(fā)火。

　　4. 水將繼續(xù)保持它今天的地位——在重要性方面僅次于氧。

　　5. 社會保障退休計劃是由兩筆信托基金組成的，其中數(shù)額較大的一筆基金到來年可能會分文不值。

　　6. 做家庭作業(yè)是提高考試成績的可靠方法，在課堂測試中更是這樣。

　　7. 這個城市中有100多所夜校，這使專業(yè)人員能得到進修，不管他是從事什么工作的。

　　8. 從這些數(shù)字的比較中可以看出，病人積極配合治療是改善其病情的重要原則。

　　9. 加利福尼亞的陽光多得它不知怎么處理，但其他東西卻很貴。

　　10. 誰想要這本詞典，我就給誰。

　　【參考答案】

　　1. The speaker claimed that no other modern nation devotes so small a portion of its wealth to public assistance and health as does China.

　　2. If individuals are awakened each time they begin a dream phrase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though their total amount of sleep has been sufficient.

　　3. Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes.

　　4. Water will continue to be what it is today: second in importance to oxygen.

　　5. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, the larger of which could go penniless by next year.

　　6. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.

　　7. There are over 100 night schools in this city, making it possible for a professional to be reeducated no matter what he does.

　　8. As can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of his condition.

　　9. California has more light than it knows what to do with but everything else is expensive.

　　10. I’ll give this dictionary to anyone who wants to have it.

　　B. 改錯

　　1. The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book

　　for me if only she could remember who last borrowed it.

　　2. Prof Lee’s book will show you how that you have observed can

　　be used in other contexts.

　　3. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting until you

　　don’t mind taking the night train.

　　4. Most electronic devices of this kind, that are manufactured

　　for such purposes, are packaged tightly.

　　5. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of

　　obtaining water is not the least.

　　6. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe but that

　　it provides the building blocks from which other elements are produced.

　　7. That it is generally accepted, economic growth is determined

　　by the smooth development of production.

　　8. There are over 100 night schools in this city, making it possible

　　for a professional to be reeducated no matter how he does.

　　9. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,

　　and this is especially true since it comes to classroom tests.

　　10. Granted that we had all the materials ready, we should begin

　　the new task at once.

　　【參考答案】

　　1. if only―only if

　　2. that后加what

　　3. until―provided

　　4. that―as

　　5. of―of which

　　6. but―in

　　7. That―As

　　8. how―what

　　9. since―when 10. had―have

　　第四步：偉人偉招

　　1. 摔倒了再爬起來式

　　Our greatest glory consists not in never falling but in rising every time we fall. (O. Goldsmith)

　　我們最值得自豪的不在于從不跌倒，而在于每次跌倒之后都爬起來。(哥德斯密斯)

　　【點評】該句可以用于一些關(guān)于社會問題的文章。雖然我們犯了錯誤，產(chǎn)生了問題，但是我們要做的是“爬起來”做點事情來補償。

　　2. 有缺而無憾式

　　To be without some of the things you want is an indispensable part of happiness. (Russell )

　　有些東西你想要而沒有，這是幸福不可缺少的一部分。(羅素)

　　【點評】“…is an indispensable part of….”，這個句型我們可以借鑒。

　　3. 沒有條件，創(chuàng)造條件也要上式

　　The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them. (Bernard Shaw)

　　在這個世界上取得成功的人，都努力去尋找他們想要的機會，如果找不到時，他們就自己創(chuàng)造機會。(蕭伯納)

　　【點評】這幾個小短語的連用很顯英文實力，“get on, get up and look for”簡單但組合后卻很不一般，這個句子是個很好的例子。

　　第五步：實踐與提高

　　將下面的句子補充完整：

　　1. From what has been discussed above , we may safely draw the conclusion that…

　　2. All the evidence supports the unshakable conclusion that…

　　3. It is high time that we place great emphasis on the improvement of…

　　4. It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated situation of…

　　5. We must look for an immediate action , because the present

　　situation of…, if permitted to continue , will surely lead to the end of…

　　6. There is no easy solution to the problem of…, but… might be a useful measure to take.

　　7. There is no easy method hand to solve the problem of…, but increasing the common recognition of the necessity of… might be the first

　　step towards change .

　　8. Following these methods may not guarantee success in …, but the pay-off will be worth the effort.

　　9. Obviously , if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that…

　　10. Unless there is a common realization of …, it is very likely that…