陽光和睡眠之間的關(guān)系

Office lighting experiment suggests workers sleep longer when exposed to more daylight

辦公室照明實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，員工在日光下工作時(shí)間越多，睡眠時(shí)間越長

A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in the U.S. has found that office workers sleep more hours each night when exposed to more sunlight during the day. In their paper published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, the group describes their experiments in real office buildings and what they learned from them.

隸屬于美國多個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，上班族在白天暴露于更多陽光下時(shí)，每晚就會(huì)睡更長時(shí)間。該小組在《國際環(huán)境研究與公共衛(wèi)生雜志》上發(fā)表的論文中，描述了他們在真實(shí)辦公樓中進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)以及他們從中得出的結(jié)論。

Prior research has shown that when office workers are exposed to minimal natural light during their shifts, they tend to sleep less at night than people who are exposed to more sunlight during the day—they also tend to perform less well on cognitive tests. Prior research has also shown that children exposed to more sunlight during the day tend to sleep longer than those who see little daylight. In this new effort, the researchers sought to learn more about the sunlight/sleep connection by carrying out an experiment in two adjacent offices in an office building in Durham, North Carolina.

以往的研究表明，當(dāng)上班族在輪班期間暴露于最低限度的自然光下時(shí)，他們晚上往往要比白天暴露在較多陽光下的人睡眠更少，在認(rèn)知測試中的表現(xiàn)也會(huì)較差。以往的研究還表明，白天暴露在更多陽光下的孩子比那些很少看到陽光的孩子睡眠時(shí)間更長。在這項(xiàng)新的研究中，研究人員通過在北卡羅來納州達(dá)勒姆市一棟辦公樓的兩個(gè)相鄰辦公室中進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，試圖了解陽光和睡眠之間的聯(lián)系。

The experiments involved testing the differences in sleep patterns for people working in nearly identical office environments situated right next to each other—the only real difference was the lighting. One office had the traditional blinds that obscure much of the sunlight coming through the large glass windows. In the other office, the windows were treated with electrochromic glazing technology that allows more sunlight to pass through while still minimizing glare. For the experiment, typical office workers were asked to work in both offices for one week. At the end of the week, the workers were asked to trade offices where they worked for another week. Also, each of the workers was fitted with a wrist actigraph that measured and recorded how long the wearer was asleep each night.

這些實(shí)驗(yàn)涉及檢測在幾乎完全相同的辦公環(huán)境中工作的人的睡眠模式的差異，辦公環(huán)境緊密相連，唯一真正的區(qū)別是照明。一個(gè)辦公室有傳統(tǒng)的百葉窗，遮擋了從大玻璃窗射入的大部分陽光。 而在另一間辦公室中，窗戶采用電致變色玻璃技術(shù)進(jìn)行處理，可讓更多的陽光通過，同時(shí)仍能最大限度減少眩光。在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，典型的辦公室員工被要求在兩個(gè)辦公室工作一周。一周結(jié)束后，員工會(huì)調(diào)換到另一個(gè)辦公室再工作一周。另外，每個(gè)員工都配有腕部活動(dòng)記錄儀，測量并記錄佩戴者每晚睡眠的時(shí)間。

The researchers found that both groups of workers slept longer when they worked in the office with more natural lighting—on average 37 minutes longer. The researchers found that the positive effects of sunlight grew as the week wore on—scores on cognitive tests improved each day. By the end of the week, the workers scored 42 percent higher. The researchers suggest their findings show that lighting should feature more prominently in the workplace, and that doing so would benefit both workers and those who employ them.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)兩組工人在采光更自然的辦公室中工作時(shí)，他們的睡眠時(shí)間更長——平均多37分鐘。他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，陽光的積極影響隨著一周時(shí)間的推移而增加——認(rèn)知測試的分?jǐn)?shù)每天都在提高。到了周末，員工的得分提高了42%。研究人員認(rèn)為，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，照明應(yīng)該在工作場所更突出地發(fā)揮作用，這樣做對員工和雇傭者都有好處。