秋季過(guò)敏的原因是什么

If you have seasonal allergies in the fall, you may be wondering what's causing them. While there are many different allergens circulating between the months of August and November, the most common culprit of fall allergies is ragweed (via WebMD). Ragweed is a flowering plant that grows virtually everywhere in the United States, especially in more rural areas of the country.

如果你在秋季有季節(jié)性過(guò)敏癥，你可能想知道是什么引起的。雖然在8月和11月之間有許多不同的過(guò)敏原在循環(huán)，但最常見(jiàn)的秋季過(guò)敏元兇是豚草。豚草是一種開(kāi)花植物，幾乎生長(zhǎng)在美國(guó)的任何地方，特別是在農(nóng)村地區(qū)。

Although they tend to die after the season is over, just one ragweed plant can release more than one billion grains of pollen, which can travel for hundreds of miles at a time, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA). As a result, more than 75% of people with seasonal allergies are allergic or have reactions to ragweed pollen. Mold is another common source of fall allergies. While mold thrives in damp rooms and basements year-round, mold spores can also be found in damp or wet piles of fallen leaves on the ground, which usually occurs in the middle of autumn.

根據(jù)美國(guó)哮喘和過(guò)敏基金會(huì)(AAFA)的說(shuō)法，盡管豚草往往在季節(jié)結(jié)束后死亡，但僅僅一株豚草就能釋放出超過(guò)10億粒花粉，這些花粉一次可以傳播數(shù)百英里。因此，超過(guò)75%的季節(jié)性過(guò)敏癥患者對(duì)豚草花粉過(guò)敏或有反應(yīng)。霉菌是秋季過(guò)敏的另一個(gè)常見(jiàn)來(lái)源。雖然霉菌全年都在潮濕的房間和地下室里繁殖，但霉菌孢子也可以在地面上潮濕或潮濕的落葉堆中找到，這通常發(fā)生在秋季中期。

Regardless of the allergen, however, fall allergies can cause a variety of unpleasant symptoms, including sneezing, runny nose, congestion, itchy and watery eyes, coughing, and headaches (via Prevention). That's why it's important to take the necessary precautions to treat your symptoms and keep them at bay.

然而，不管過(guò)敏原是什么，秋季過(guò)敏都會(huì)引起各種不愉快的癥狀，包括打噴嚏、流鼻涕、充血、眼睛發(fā)癢和流淚、咳嗽和頭痛。這就是為什么采取必要的預(yù)防措施來(lái)治療并控制它們的重要性。

For instance, you can actually make your allergy symptoms worse by dragging allergens into your home after spending time outdoors. "Mold spores and pollen can stick to everything, including hair, skin, and clothing," Dr. Rachna Shah, an allergist and faculty member of Loyola School of Medicine, told Prevention. Fortunately, you can help reduce your risk of tracking allergens into your home by leaving your shoes outside, changing and washing your clothes as soon as you walk in the door, and taking a thorough shower.

例如，你在戶(hù)外呆了一段時(shí)間后，把過(guò)敏原帶進(jìn)家里，你的過(guò)敏癥狀實(shí)際上會(huì)變得更糟。“霉菌孢子和花粉可以粘在任何東西上，包括頭發(fā)、皮膚和衣服，”洛約拉醫(yī)學(xué)院的過(guò)敏癥專(zhuān)科醫(yī)生兼教員拉奇納·沙阿博士告訴《預(yù)防》雜志。幸運(yùn)的是，你可以把鞋子放在外面，一進(jìn)門(mén)就換衣服，徹底洗個(gè)澡，這樣可以減少過(guò)敏源進(jìn)入你家的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

Although taking these steps can certainly help prevent your allergies from potentially getting worse, they won't do anything to actually treat your symptoms. You can, however, reduce and alleviate your fall allergy symptoms by taking over-the-counter allergy medications, like antihistamines and decongestants. "Many allergy medications are safe and now available over the counter, including nasal steroid sprays like fluticasone and triamcinolone, and the long-acting, non-sedating antihistamines such as loratadine and cetirizine," allergist Dr. Mark Aronica told the Cleveland Clinic. "These medications are generally very good at managing most allergies."

盡管采取這些措施確實(shí)可以幫助防止你的過(guò)敏癥進(jìn)一步惡化，但它們并不能真正治療你的癥狀。然而，你可以通過(guò)服用非處方的過(guò)敏藥物，如抗組胺藥和減充血?jiǎng)?，?lái)減少和減輕你的秋季過(guò)敏癥狀。過(guò)敏癥專(zhuān)家馬克·阿羅尼卡博士告訴克利夫蘭診所：“許多過(guò)敏癥藥物是安全的，現(xiàn)在可以在柜臺(tái)上買(mǎi)到，包括像氟替卡松和曲安奈德這樣的鼻類(lèi)固醇噴霧劑，以及像氯雷他定和西替利嗪這樣的長(zhǎng)效非鎮(zhèn)靜抗組胺藥。這些藥物通常能很好地治療大多數(shù)過(guò)敏癥。”