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現(xiàn)代英文選評(píng):The Duck 鴨

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2020年07月08日

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The Duck 鴨

J. B. Priestley (1894—1984)

本文作者普里斯特萊生于英國(guó)約克郡之Bradford,第一次大戰(zhàn)時(shí)從軍,曾作戰(zhàn)受傷,歐戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后就讀劍橋大學(xué)。從軍時(shí)即常有作品發(fā)表,在劍橋時(shí)寫(xiě)作更勤,畢業(yè)以后即以寫(xiě)作為生。作品極多,最著名者為長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)The Good Companions(1929),Angel Pavement(1930)。Festival at Farbridge(1951)亦頗獲贊譽(yù)。

普里斯特萊文章明快健朗,小說(shuō)中充滿(mǎn)人情溫暖與生命活力,實(shí)為繼承英國(guó)Fielding,Dickens等“陽(yáng)剛”作風(fēng)的一大作家。本文選自《普里斯特萊自選集》(The Priestley Companion,1951年英國(guó)企鵝叢書(shū)版),原為作者于第二次大戰(zhàn)時(shí)的一篇廣播文稿。全文極短(此處全引原文,未加節(jié)刪),然頗含深意;普氏于第二次大戰(zhàn)時(shí),曾應(yīng)英國(guó)廣播公司之邀,擔(dān)任長(zhǎng)期廣播,所談雖大多身邊瑣事,然因其取材精當(dāng),含意深遠(yuǎn),據(jù)說(shuō)對(duì)于鼓勵(lì)英人抗敵士氣,貢獻(xiàn)頗大。本文尤宜朗誦。

It was rather late the other night, and we were coming home to Highgate Village by way of High Street, Hampstead, and the Spaniards Road, which run, you might say, on the roof of London. We had to pass the Whitestone Pond. Now I like the Whitestone Pond. On fine afternoons, boys sail their toy boats on it, and when there's a wind blowing across the Heath the toy boats have to battle with enormous waves—about three inches high. At night, this pond is like a little hand-mirror that the vast, sprawling, yawning London still holds negligently; and you see the stars glimmering in it. Well, the other night was one of those mysterious nights we've had lately when there seems to be a pale light coming from nowhere, and the sky has a pure washed look. The dim lights of a few cars could be seen in the dusk round the pond, and some people, late as it was, were standing and staring.

● the other day:最近某一天。the other night:最近某天的晚上。日落以后,即可算是night;那天是黃昏以后,時(shí)候已經(jīng)很晚(rather late)。

● we沒(méi)有指明是什么人,應(yīng)該是作者自己和另外一些人。Highgate Village:倫敦附近的一個(gè)村子。Hampstead:倫敦西北郊區(qū)的一個(gè)鎮(zhèn),屬倫敦市。High Street即大街之意。英國(guó)小市鎮(zhèn)主要的街道都以此名,美國(guó)普通稱(chēng)為Main Street,此處是Hampstead鎮(zhèn)的大街。the Spaniards Road:公路之名。我們是走(by way of)某某街和某某路回家的。倫敦西北區(qū)地勢(shì)較高,那條街和公路好像是(you might say)在倫敦屋頂上走過(guò)。(注意:run是復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示which代表street和road兩樣?xùn)|西。)

● pond:水池。toy boats:玩具小船。Heath:荒原;倫敦西北的荒原即名Hampstead Heath。enormous:巨大的;池狹船小,浪高三英寸已經(jīng)可以算是巨大的了。

● hand-mirror:有柄可握的小鏡子。把水池比作鏡子,詩(shī)文中已屢見(jiàn)不鮮,本文作者的幻想,更進(jìn)一步,把倫敦比作一個(gè)龐然(vast)巨人,伸臂舒腿地躺在那里(sprawling),打著呵欠(yawning:“夜倫敦”是不是該打呵欠呢?),疏疏懶懶地(negligently),手里還握著這面鏡子:鏡子里面隱約可見(jiàn)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)繁星。glimmering:發(fā)朦朧微光。

● Well為轉(zhuǎn)換語(yǔ)氣之詞,正式文章中避用,本文原系供廣播之用,當(dāng)可盡量模仿家常閑談口吻。第三句的Now意義相仿。

● 平常日子池畔景色,已經(jīng)約略描寫(xiě),接著就描寫(xiě)那天晚上:那是我們最近(lately)所常有的一個(gè)神秘的晚上,四周似乎有一層不知是哪里來(lái)的淡淡的光輝,天空是潔凈得好像有一種洗滌過(guò)了的神氣?!伴L(zhǎng)空如洗”這樣的說(shuō)法在中文里已經(jīng)用得濫俗了,放在英文里還是很新鮮的。

● dim:昏暗的。lights:車(chē)頭燈。(池邊有公路通過(guò),通行汽車(chē)。)dusk:黃昏時(shí)之薄暗。late as it was:天雖然很晚了,還有人站在池邊凝目而視。

We stopped, and heard a solicitous quacking and a great deal of faint squeaking. Then we saw on the pond, like a tiny feathered flotilla, a duck accompanied by her minute ducklings, just squeaking specks of yellow fluff. We joined the fascinated spectators; we forgot the war, the imminence of invasion, the doubts about the French Fleet, the melancholy antics of the Bordeaux Government.

● solicitous:表示關(guān)切的(父母對(duì)于子女的關(guān)切)。quacking:鴨鳴聲。squeaking:啾啾聲。faint:微弱的。

● flotilla:小型船只之隊(duì)伍。tiny:極小的。母鴨與小小雛鴨,列陣浮于水面,猶如小小船隊(duì),唯船身均披有羽毛(feathered)耳。minute義同tiny,唯tiny較通俗,近于白話;minute較正式,近于文言。

● ducklings后有一同位語(yǔ)說(shuō)明之:雛鴨形體尚未長(zhǎng)成,從岸上望去,只是啾啾會(huì)叫的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)粒粒(specks)黃色絨毛(fluff)而已。

● fascinated spectators:入了迷的看客;看得出神的人。

● the war:時(shí)為1940年6月,法國(guó)西線崩潰,法國(guó)政府遷至西南部的波爾多(Bordeaux)后再遷至維希(Vichy),希特勒陳兵英倫海峽,侵英(invasion)之舉,迫在眉睫(imminence),法國(guó)艦隊(duì)(the French Fleet)誰(shuí)屬,與戰(zhàn)局影響極大,英人疑慮(doubts)自深;而波爾多政府倡議求和,行動(dòng)頗多乖謬,殊為昔日盟友所心痛,故作者稱(chēng)之為“令人傷心的反常行為”(melancholy antics)。時(shí)局嚴(yán)重若此,而作者看見(jiàn)池中群鴨之后,竟然將國(guó)家大事渾然忘卻。

Our eyes and ears, and our imagination were caught and held by those triumphant little parcels of life. This duck hadn't hatched her brood here; she'd hatched them in some hidden corner—nobody knows where—and had then conveyed them—and nobody knows how—to swim happily in the dusk on the summit of the city. She hadn't asked anybody's advice or permission; she hadn't told herself it was too late or too difficult; nobody had told her to "go to it" and that "it all depended on her." She had gone to it, a triumphant little servant of that life, mysterious, fruitful, beautiful, which expresses itself as a man writes a poem—now in vast galaxies of flaming suns, now in a tiny brood of ducklings squeaking in the dusk.

● imagination:想象力,比耳目更進(jìn)一步,不限于當(dāng)前的所見(jiàn)所聞。caught:一把抓住。held:抓住不放。那時(shí)我們的全副注意力都為群鴨所攝,非但目不轉(zhuǎn)瞬,耳不他聞,而且心中雜念頓息,如有所思,亦無(wú)非受此“奇觀”之啟發(fā)而已。

● parcel此處不解作“包裹”,而解作“部分”(此字與part同源)。life:宇宙全體之生命。任何生物都只是“一條生命”,只可以算是“大生命”里的一部分。鴨子雖小,亦足表示天地間的生機(jī)流行,我們看見(jiàn)了群鴨嬉水得意(triumphant)之狀,似乎看見(jiàn)了宇宙生物的神秘,無(wú)怪看得目定神往,把國(guó)事都忘了。(其實(shí)作者所忘的只是暫時(shí)戰(zhàn)局的進(jìn)退,他對(duì)于宇宙人生的信念,由于那天晚上的經(jīng)驗(yàn)當(dāng)更形增強(qiáng)。這樣一個(gè)人將成為一個(gè)更堅(jiān)定、更有決心的斗士。)hatched:孵化(用過(guò)去完成式,表示時(shí)間在前)。brood:一次所孵出之雛鴨(或其他鳥(niǎo)類(lèi))。conveyed:搬運(yùn)。母鴨在哪里孵的蛋,沒(méi)有人知道;孵出以后,如何把小鴨帶到這里來(lái)游水,也沒(méi)人知道。summit:最高點(diǎn);那地方居于倫敦最高處。advice:勸告。permission:準(zhǔn)許。她把小鴨帶到這里來(lái),既未向人求教,亦未得人準(zhǔn)許,只是憑了生物的本能,把小鴨孵了出來(lái),再帶它們來(lái)教它們游水(池邊可能并無(wú)養(yǎng)鴨人家,此鴨恐是野鴨)。

● it was too late之it恐是代表孵小鴨等等的事情。母鴨決不自餒,不怕時(shí)間太晚,或者是困難太多,她要做的事情還是要做好。

● 她并不自餒,可是也沒(méi)有人給她鼓勵(lì)慫恿,沒(méi)有人對(duì)她說(shuō):“你去做吧”(go to it)或是“事情全靠著你呢”。

● 她所以這樣做,因?yàn)樗鞘苡钪骈g生命力的支配;她是那個(gè)大生命(that life)屬下的一個(gè)興高采烈的小仆人。triumphant表示任務(wù)完成以后的得意。

● that life后跟著三個(gè)形容詞:神秘、美麗、孕育豐富(fruitful)。那個(gè)大生命隨時(shí)表現(xiàn)自己,就同詩(shī)人之寫(xiě)詩(shī)以表現(xiàn)自己一樣,表現(xiàn)的方式大小不一,有時(shí)如星河(galaxies)橫空,一顆星就是一顆太陽(yáng)似的火球(flaming:火焰熾盛的);有時(shí)則如今夕所見(jiàn)的池中啾啾雛鴨也。


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