卡耐基演講·一、消除羞怯不安的心態(tài)

我的課程里有幾門課的目的，是解除成人的拘謹(jǐn)和緊張。我跪下來——這可不是夸張——請(qǐng)求我的學(xué)生從害羞的龜殼里出來，自己見識(shí)一下。只要他們?cè)敢庾叱鰜?，這個(gè)世界會(huì)熱情地歡迎他們。我承認(rèn)這需要時(shí)間，然而很值。像法國福熙元帥說的戰(zhàn)爭藝術(shù)：“概念極為簡單，不幸的是，執(zhí)行起來很復(fù)雜、很困難?！弊畲蟮慕O腳石，是拘謹(jǐn)局促，不僅是身體上的，而且是心理上的。它隨年齡的增長而變得更頑固。In my course there are several sessions that have as their purpose the freeing of tightly bound and tense adults. I got down on my knees, literally, to implore my class members to come out of their shells and find out for themselves that the world would treat them with cordiality and welcome when they would do so. It took some doing, I admit, but it was worth it. As Marshal Foch says of the art of war, "It is simple enough in its conception, but unfortunately complicated in its execution." The biggest stumbling block, of course, is stiffness, not only of the physical, but of the mental as well, a kind of hardening of the categories that comes with growing up.

要在聽眾面前自然、流暢地講演的確不容易，這需要反復(fù)練習(xí)才能達(dá)到，演員們最能體會(huì)這點(diǎn)。不過當(dāng)你還是孩子時(shí)，比如4歲時(shí)吧，你也許可以登上講臺(tái)，伶俐地講話！可是等到24歲時(shí)，或45歲時(shí)，會(huì)怎樣？你還能有4歲時(shí)那種不知不覺的自然嗎？有這可能，但多半變得拘謹(jǐn)、矜持而又呆板，并且像只烏龜，很快就會(huì)縮回殼里去了。It is not easy to be natural before an audience. Actors know that. When you were a child, say, four years old, you probably could have mounted a platform and talked naturally to an audience. But when you are twenty-and-four, or forty-and-four, what happens when you mount a platform and start to speak? Do you retain that unconscious naturalness that you possessed at four? You may, but it is dollars to doughnuts that you will become stiff and stilted and mechanical, and draw back into your shell like a snapping turtle.

指導(dǎo)成人發(fā)表演講的重點(diǎn)，并不是幫他們添加什么特性，主要是協(xié)助他們排除障礙，做到本能的反應(yīng)那樣。The problem of teaching or of training adults in delivery is not one of superimposing additional characteristics; it is largely one of removing impediments, of getting them to speak with the same naturalness that they would display if someone were to knock them down.

不知有多少次，我在他們的演講過程中打斷他們，請(qǐng)他們“講得像個(gè)人”。不知有多少個(gè)夜晚，我設(shè)法訓(xùn)練學(xué)生說話自然些，弄得自己回家時(shí)精神和神經(jīng)都疲憊不堪。請(qǐng)相信，這件工作做起來不像說起來那么容易。Hundreds of times I have stopped speakers in the midst of their talks and implored them to "talk like a human being." Hundreds of nights I have come home mentally fatigued and nervously exhausted from trying to drill members of my classes to talk naturally. No, believe me, it is not so easy as it sounds.

我讓學(xué)生們表演對(duì)話里的某些部分，有些人非常驚慌地發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己像個(gè)傻子，可是在表演時(shí)，自己感覺還不錯(cuò)，而對(duì)另一些人表現(xiàn)出的表演能力，則驚嘆不已。我的意思是，一旦你能在人群面前安然隨意，就不會(huì)再退縮。不論是對(duì)上級(jí)或在普通人群面前，都能以正常的方式來表達(dá)自己的意見。In one of the sessions of my course I ask the class to act out portions of dialogue, some of which is in dialect. I ask them to throw themselves into these dramatic episodes with abandon. When they do, they discover to their amazement that, though they may have acted like a fool, they didn't feel badly when they were doing it. The class too is amazed at the dramatic ability some of the class members display. My point is that once you let your hair down before a group you are not likely to hold yourself back when it comes to the normal, everyday expression of your opinions whether to individuals or before groups.

你突然發(fā)現(xiàn)的這種自由，正像一只小鳥從拘禁的籠子里出來展翅高飛。你知道人們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)蜂擁著上劇院、上電影院嗎？因?yàn)樵谀抢?，他們可以看到自己的同類毫無拘謹(jǐn)?shù)谋硌?，在那里可以看到人們坦白地展露真情。The sudden freedom you feel is like a bird taking wing after being imprisoned in a cage. You see why it is that people flock to the theater and the movies-because there they see their fellow human beings act with little or no inhibition, there they see people wearing their emotions prominently displayed on their sleeves.